Various diseases cure by STEM CELLS THERAPY

1. Martha Srinivas
Asst Professor
JOGINAPALLY B.R. PHARMACY COLLEGE
(Affiliated To JNTU Hyderabad)
Yenkapally (V), Moinabad (M), Hyderabad-500075.
E mail: srinivaaspharma@gmail.com
9160322627
1

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS:
S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES 5
3. CLASSIFICATION 6
4. TREATMENT 9
5. CONCLUSION 14
6. CURRENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 15
7. REFERENCES 16
2

3. INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL.
3

4. Stem cells are one of the most fascinating areas of biology today.
Stem cells are a special kind of cell that have the ability to divide indefinitely and have
the potential to give rise to specialized cells (that is, any cell of the body).
They are vital to the development , growth, maintenance and repair of our brains,
bones, muscles, nerves, blood, skin, and other organs.
All cells in the body come from stem cells.
Stem cell characteristics:
Blank cells (unspecialized).
Capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods of time(proliferation and
renewal).
Have the potential to give rise to specialized cell types(differentiation). 4

5. THE TERM "STEM CELL" WAS PROPOSED FOR SCIENTIFIC USE BY THE RUSSIAN HISTOLOGIST
ALEXANDER MAKSIMOV IN 1908. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT BETWEEN TWO SIBLINGS
SUCCESSFULLY TREATED SCID IN 1968.
HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS WERE DISCOVERED IN HUMAN CORD BLOOD IN 19788.
JAMES THOMSON AND COWORKERS DERIVED THE FIRST HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL LINE
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN–MADISON IN 19988. MORE RECENTLY, IN 2005
SCIENTISTS AT KINGSTON UNIVERSITY IN ENGLAND WERE PURPORTED TO HAVE FOUND
ANOTHER CATEGORY OF STEM CELLS. THESE WERE NAMED CORD BLOOD EMBRYONIC-LIKE
STEM CELLS, WHICH ORIGINATE IN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD. KOREAN RESEARCHER HWANG
WOO-SUK (2004–2005) CLAIMED TO HAVE CREATED SEVERAL HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM
CELL LINES FROM UNFERTILISED HUMAN OOCYTES 9.
SCIENTISTS AT NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY IN ENGLAND CREATE THE FIRST EVER ARTIFICIAL
LIVER CELLS USING UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD STEM CELLS IN OCTOBER 2006.
THEN, IN EARLY 2007, RESEARCHERS LED BY DR. ANTHONY ATALA CLAIMED THAT A NEW
TYPE OF STEM CELL HAD BEEN ISOLATED IN AMNIOTIC FLUID.
OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS,THE GOALS OF SUCH POLICIES ARE TO SAFEGUARD THE PUBLIC
FROM UNETHICAL STEM CELL RESEARCH AND USE WHILE STILL SUPPORTING NEW
ADVANCEMENTS IN THE FIELD.
5

6. CLASSIFICATION
OF STEM CELLS.
CLASSIFICATION
ON THE BASIS
OF POTENCY.
1.Totipotent
2.Pluripotent
3. Multipotent.
4. Unipotent.
CLASSIFICATION
ON THE BASIS OF
THEIR SOURCES.
1.Embryonic
stem cells.
2.Adult stem
cells.
CLASSIFICATION OF STEM CELLS.
6

7. Totipotent stem cells: These cells
have unlimited capability, and
have the ability to differentiate
into all possible cell types.
Ex: Embryo.
Pluripotent stem cells: These
cells are capable of giving rise to
most, but not all, tissues of an
organism. Ex: Inner mass cells.
Multipotent stem cell: These
cells are committed to give rise
to cells that have a specific
function. Ex: Blood stem cells.
7

8. • Embryonic stem cells are self
replicating pluripotent cells.
• They are derived from embryos.
• The embryos from which human
embryonic stem cells are derived
are typically 4 or 5 days old and
are hollow microscopic ball of
cells called the blastocyst.
EMBRYONIC
STEM CELLS:
• Adult stem cells are
undifferentiated totipotent or
multipotent cells.
• The primary role of adult stem
cells in a living organism are to
maintain and repair the tissues.
ADULT STEM
CELLS:
STEM CELLS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR SOURCES.
8

9. • Medical researchers anticipate that stem cells will soon be able to treat cancer, diabetes,
parkinson’s disease, huntington’s disease. celiac disease, cardiac failure, muscle damage
and neurological disorders and many others.
TREATMENTS BY STEM CELLS.
9

10. TREATMENT FOR DIABETES:
Diabetes affects millions of people in the world and is caused by the abnormal
metabolism of insulin.
It is an auto immune disease caused by progressive destruction of the insulin secreting
pancreatic beta-cells which regulate blood sugar levels by secretion of insulin.
Recent clinical data suggest that the disease could be cured if an adequate supply of new
beta-cells were made available.
Transplantation of insulin producing cells is the hallmark of diabetes treatment. In this
light, stem cell research and therapy has opened new avenues for diabetes treatment.
10

11. Stem cell treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2
Adult stem cell therapy with autologous stem cells fights type 1
and type 2 diabetes at its roots, reducing hyperglycemia.
These re-injected stem cells are capable of regenerating damage
cells such as pancreatic beta cells.
Repairing or replacing the damaged tissue in diabetes using stem
cells has become the most dynamic topic of interest as stem cells are
blessed with the potential of treating many diseases.
Conventionally, there is no permanent diabetes cure except for
medications and insulin injections.
However, stem cells technology has practically fulfilled the
promise of dead cell replacements with the new one.
With this unique transdifferentiation ability of stem cells, it is
possible to develop insulin producing beta cells that are lost from the
body.(1)
11

12. STEM CELL TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS [RA]
The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not completely understood. The condition causes
swelling in joints. The inflammation can be present in both singular or multiple joints
and most commonly occurs in the smaller joints of the hands and feet. as time passes
and the inflammation continues it can wear down both the bones and cartilage of joints,
leading to a deformity in the joint.
Embryonic stem cells can also be used to repair the joints themselves by rejuvenating
the cartilage which reduce the grinding of bones.
12

13. • At Present rheumatoid arthritis is treated primarily with auto-immune suppressants.
One example of this drug is methatrexate, which also increases the risk of developing
melanoma and lung cancers in patients.
•Potential stem cell treatments for the condition may utilise mesenchymal stem cells that
are pluripotent, because they are able to differentiate into bone, cartilage and fat cells.
•This property would be key when used in treatment of RA as it could regenerate the
tissue damaged by the wear and tear on bones.
13

14. CONCLUSION
We conclude that ongoing research on stem cell therapies gives hope to patients
who would normally not receive treatment to cure their disease.
 Stem cells have a bright future for the therapeutic world by promising stem cell
therapy.
 We hope to see new horizon of therapeutics in the form of bone marrow
transplant, skin replacement, organ development, and replacement of lost tissue
such as hairs, tooth, retina and cochlear cells.
 Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are among the most amenable diseases for
treatment. Functional restoration of existing β-cells, transplantation of stem cells or
stem cell-derived β-like cells might provide new opportunities for treatment .
Stem cell transplantation can destroy the defective immune system, renew the
lymphatic system, reduce the disease activity, and lead to long-term remission of
AD .
 Stem cell-based therapy offers the possibility of developing new treatments in
cases
of AD.
Several reports have analyzed the potential benefits of stem cell transplantation
in these diseases.
14

15. CURRENT FUTURE PROSPECTS.
Stem cell-based therapies are viewed as among the most promising new
strategies against developmental, traumatic, oncogenic and degenerative
diseases.
Indeed, it was the ability to identify, isolate, culture, interrogate, expand and
transplant stem cells and/or their derivatives that gave rise to the new field of
‘regenerative medicine’.
 During the past 20 years, the breadth of what is regarded as ‘stem cell
research’ has expanded immensely, now embracing, for example, tissue-
specific, embryonic and induced/reprogrammed stem cells as well as cancer
stem cells.
In addition, the current edition provides representative original researches
covering each area of stem cell biology and therapeutic applications.
Finally, the clinical efficacy of stem cell therapy for femoral head necrosis
was evaluated for 128 patients after 5 years of follow-up is discussed.
 Collectively, these articles not only provide an overview of the state-of-the-
art and future prospects for stem cell biology, but also describe the pipeline
required to enable stem cell research to impact regenerative medicine. 15

16. REFERENCES:
.K.KALRA AND P.C.TOMAR,STEM CELL:BASICS,CLASSIFICATION AND APPLICATIONS;AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE AND CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS..
2.J.A. THOMSON,E.J.ELDOR,S.S SHAPIRO,M.A WAKNITZ,J.M JONES,EMBRYONIC STEM CELL LINES
DERIVED FROM HUMAN BLASTOCYSTS.
3.YANG XI AND SHIZHONG BU;JOURNAL OF STEM CELL RESEARCH AND THERAPY;VOLUME 4.
4. DR.RAVIPATHI SARATH,LEENA RANI;STEM CELL THERAPY IN DIABETES
MELLITUS;INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH;WWW.SSJOURNALS.COM.
16

17. THANK
YOU.
17