Transport planning is a science that study the problems that arise in proving transportation facilities in an urban, regional or national setting and to prepare a systematic basis for planning. The principles of urban transport planning can be applied to regional or national transport planning as well with due changes. Urban transport networks are no longer capable of accommodating the movement of road users and vehicles. Levels of traffic overloading vary in time. In city centres, motorised movements difficult and long-term car parking almost impossible because of narrow streets often accessible only to non-motorised traffic.

1. Urban Transport Planning
School of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g

2. URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING
Transport planning is defined as planning required in the operation, provision
and management of facilities and services for the modes of transport to
achieve safer, faster, comfortable, convenient, economical and
environment-friendly movement of people and goods.
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3. SCOPE OF URBAN TRANSPORT
PLANNING
• Transport planning is a science that study the problems that arise in proving
transportation facilities in an urban, regional or national setting and to prepare a
systematic basis for planning.
• The principles of urban transport planning can be applied to regional or national transport
planning as well with due changes.
• Motor vehicles have transformed our life and brought comfort, pleasure and convenience,
But they have created problems of congestion, lack of safety and degeneration of the
environment. To understand these problems and formulate proposals for the safe and
efficient movement of goods and people from one place to another is the subject of
transport planning.
• Town and country planning is a science that deals with the study of the urban or country
“system” covering the interacting human activities using adopted spaces linked by
communications through channels.
• Transport planning is an important part of overall town and country planning, since it deals
with the transport network which is an important channel of a communications. Any
change in the transport system is reflected in number of impacts.
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4. Systems approach to transportation planning
• Operation Research concept: Optimizing
the performance of a system.
• System: It is a complex whole, consisting
of set of connected things or a part, whose
components and interactions are vital to the
operation of the system.

5. Stages in transport planning
Five important stages:
1. Survey and analysis of existing conditions
2. Forecast, analysis of future conditions and plan synthesis
3. Evaluation
4. Programme adoption and implementation
5. Continuing study

6. Stages in transport planning

7. Stages in transport planning
1. Survey and analysis of existing conditions
Goals:
• To improve safety of travel
• To enhance the mobility of people while at the same time reduce dependence on the use of personalized vehicles, conserve fuel and protect the
environment.

8. Stages in transport planning
2. Forecast, analysis of future conditions and plan synthesis
3.Evaluation

9. Stages in transport planning
4. Programme adoption and implementation
5. Continuing study

10. DIFFICULTIES/PROBLEMS IN TRANSPORT PLANNING
1. Traffic Movement and Congestion
2. Public Transport Crowding
3. Off-Peak Inadequacy of Public Transport
4. Difficulties for Pedestrians
5. Parking Difficulties
6. Environmental Impact
7. Atmospheric Pollution

11. DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSPORT PLANNING
Traffic Movement and Congestion
• Urban transport networks are no longer capable of accommodating the
movement of road users and vehicles.
• Levels of traffic overloading vary in time.
• In city centres, motorised movements difficult and long-term car parking
almost impossible because of narrow streets often accessible only to non-
motorised traffic.
• One factor contributing to congestion in developing world cities is the
uncontrolled intermixing of different types of vehicles.

12. DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSPORT PLANNING
Public Transport Crowding
• The ‘person congestion’ occurring inside public transport
vehicles at such peak times adds insult to injury.
• A very high proportion of the day’s journeys are made under
conditions of peak-hour with lengthy queues at stops, crowding
at terminals, stairways and ticket offices and excessively long
periods of hot climate.
• Images of passengers hanging on to the outside of trains in
India are familiar enough. Quite what conditions are like inside
can only be guessed at?

13. DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSPORT PLANNING
Off-Peak Inadequacy of Public Transport
• If public transport operators provide sufficient vehicles to meet peak-hour demand there
will be insufficient support off-peak to keep them economically employed.
• Rapidly growing urban populations with low car/two-wheeler ownership levels provide
sufficient off-peak demand to keep vehicle occupancy rates high throughout the day.
Difficulties for Pedestrians
• Pedestrians are the largest category of traffic accident victims.
• Forcing walkers to use footpaths, stairways and crosswalks, which are inadequately cleaned
or policed. Additionally there is obstruction by parked cars and the increasing pollution of
the urban environment, with traffic noise and exhaust fumes affecting most directly those
on feet.

14. DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSPORT PLANNING
Parking Difficulties
• Many car drivers stuck in city traffic jams are not actually trying to go
anywhere: they are just looking for a place to park.
• The provision of adequate car parking space within or on the margins of
central business districts (CBDs) for city workers and shoppers is a problem
that has serious implications for land use planning.
• Multi-storey car-parks can only provide a partial solution and
supplementary on-street parking often compound road congestion.

15. DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSPORT PLANNING
Environmental Impact
• The operation of motor vehicles is a polluting activity.
• Traffic noise is a serious problem in the central area of our towns and cities.
• a decibel noise level of 84 dB was much as people found acceptable and any engine noise
more than 85 dB, illegal.
Atmospheric Pollution
• Fumes from motor vehicles present one of the most unpleasant costs of living with the
motor vehicle.
• Traffic fumes, especially from poorly maintained diesel engines, can be very offensive and
unpleasantness of walking in urban areas.
• The fumes, which are emitted, contain four main types of pollutant: Carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides and Aldehydes.

16. 1. Human system
• Road users
2. Built system
• Automobile, infrastructure
3. Natural system
• Ecosystem
URBAN SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Urban System Components

17. 1) Urban passenger transportation system.
2) Urban public transportation system.
3) Urban goods transport system.
4) Urban intermediate public transport system.
5) Urban personal transport system
CONT…URBAN SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Fig:10 Urban System Components

18. CASE STUDY
A Case Study on Mysore- A Sustainable City

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A Case Study on Mysore- A Sustainable City
 Mysore, a city in southern India, has been making significant efforts towards becoming a
sustainable city in recent years.
 The city has implemented various initiatives to promote green living, reduce its carbon
footprint, and become more eco-friendly.
 This case study will explore the steps taken by Mysore to become a sustainable city, the
challenges faced, and the results achieved.

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A Case Study on Mysore- A Sustainable City
 Mysore has implemented several measures to promote sustainability and green living. One of the most significant
initiatives was the implementation of the Mysore City Corporation (MCC) Green City project, which aimed to
transform the city into a green and sustainable city.
 The project was launched in 2010 and focused on various aspects of sustainability, including waste
management, water conservation, and renewable energy.
 The city also introduced several eco-friendly transportation options, such as cycle sharing programs, electric
rickshaws, and hybrid buses. These efforts were aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of the city’s
transportation sector, which is a significant contributor to air pollution.
 To promote waste management and recycling, Mysore launched a door-to-door garbage collection program
and implemented a waste segregation system.
 The city also established composting centers and encouraged citizens to compost their organic waste at home.
 In addition, Mysore focused on promoting the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. The city
installed solar panels on government buildings and provided subsidies for citizens who wanted to install solar
panels on their homes.
Efforts and Steps Taken-

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A Case Study on Mysore- A Sustainable City
• Changing people’s behavior towards sustainability- It was one of the biggest challenges faced by Mysore.
• Many citizens were not used to the idea of recycling or composting their waste, and it took time to educate and
persuade them to adopt these practices.
• To address this challenge, the city implemented a public awareness campaign, which included workshops and training
programs to educate citizens about sustainable living.
• Lack of funding for sustainable initiatives– The city had to rely on external funding sources, such as government
grants and international aid, to implement many of the sustainability projects.
• To address this, Mysore explored innovative funding models, such as public-private partnerships and crowdfunding, to
finance its sustainability initiatives.
• Implementing the segregation of waste- Another challenge faced was in implementing the segregation of waste at
source.
• While awareness campaigns were conducted to educate the citizens about the importance of waste segregation, it
took some time for them to understand and adopt the practice.
• However, with continuous efforts, the city was successful in implementing the segregation of waste at source, and now
the citizens segregate their waste into three categories – wet, dry, and hazardous waste.
Challenges and Solutions

22. A Case Study on Mysore- A Sustainable City
Results
 Mysore’s efforts towards sustainability have resulted in significant improvements in the city’s environmental performance.
 The MCC Green City project resulted in a reduction of 50% in greenhouse gas emissions from the city’s transportation
sector.
 The door-to-door garbage collection program and waste segregation system helped reduce the amount of waste going
to landfills by 30%.
FIG: DISTRICT MINISTER VISITS ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT AT
KUMBARAKOPPAL (2023).

23. A Case Study on Mysore- A Sustainable City
 The city’s focus on renewable energy also yielded
positive results, with solar energy now accounting
for 6% of the city’s total energy consumption.
 The city’s efforts to promote eco-friendly
transportation have also been successful, with a 30%
increase in the use of bicycles and electric vehicles.
FIG:THE FRAMES FOR PLACING THE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL PANELS HAVE BEEN
PUT UP ON THE ROOF OF THE MCC BUILDING IN MYSURU. WORK IS EXPECTED TO
BE COMPLETED THIS MONTH (2018).
FIG: MCC USES E-AUTOS TO COLLECT WASTE (2022).

24. A Case Study on Mysore- A Sustainable City
 Mysore’s journey towards sustainability offers several key learnings for other cities looking to become more eco-
friendly. One of the most important learnings is the importance of public awareness and education in promoting
sustainable living.
 Mysore’s public awareness campaign played a significant role in changing people’s behavior towards sustainability.
 Another key learning is the importance of exploring innovative funding models to finance sustainability initiatives.
Mysore’s use of public-private partnerships and crowdfunding helped overcome the funding challenges faced by the
city.
 Mysore’s sustainability journey also highlights the importance of collaboration between government, businesses, and
citizens in achieving sustainability goals.
 The city’s success was due to the active participation of citizens and the support of local businesses and government
agencies.
 In conclusion, Mysore’s efforts towards sustainability serve as an inspiring example for other cities in India and around
the world.
 The city’s focus on eco-friendly transportation, waste management, renewable energy, and public awareness has
helped create a more sustainable living.
Key Learnings and Adaptation

25. A Case Study on Mysore- A Sustainable City
 One of the key learnings from this project is the importance of citizen engagement and participation in sustainable
development initiatives.
 The city administration actively involved citizens in the planning and implementation of sustainable practices, which
led to their ownership and active participation in making Mysore a sustainable city.
 Additionally, the project highlights the importance of continuous efforts and patience in bringing about sustainable
changes. Sustainable development cannot be achieved overnight, and it requires consistent efforts and perseverance.
 In conclusion, Mysore’s journey towards sustainability is a remarkable example of how cities can adopt sustainable
practices while balancing economic growth and environmental protection.
 The city administration’s efforts in implementing green practices, waste management, and citizen engagement have
led to positive outcomes, including a reduction in pollution levels, conservation of natural resources, and a better
quality of life for citizens.
 The challenges faced during the implementation of sustainable practices were addressed with innovative solutions,
which can serve as a model for other cities looking to adopt sustainable development practices.
 Mysore’s journey towards sustainability is a testament to the fact that sustainability is achievable with the right
policies, strategies, and active citizen participation.

26. Transportation planning for medium and small size cities
Difficulties in transport planning for small and medium cities
• Firstly, there is a lack of experience in the country to develop suitable planning techniques.
No comprehensive traffic studies have been made so far.
• Secondly, the data base for planning has not been built up. The trips, relation between
population and employment, speed of the traffic etc.,.
• Thirdly, the local authorities in charge of such cities do not possess the skill and expertise
to plan effectively.
• Finally, the modern methods of transportation planning are too sophisticated and costly
to be used for medium and small sized cities.

27. Transportation planning for medium and small size cities
Quick response technique
• Quick response transportation planning techniques are those that depend upon
bearest minimum of data and simplified approach to estimate the travel demand.
For example, estimate the travel demand for a medium/small city considered
the basic unit for estimate.
Firstly, collect the trip-generation rate by household survey.
The trip rate can be broken into home-based work trip, home-based non-work
trip and non-home-based trips.
The trip distribution can be achieved by gravity model.
The trips are than assigned to the network and adequacy studied.
• The whole procedure can be handled manually without the use of computers. The
appeal of this technique lies in its simplicity and relatively low cost.

28. • Land is a convenient measure of space and
land use provides a spatial framework for
urban development and activities.
• The location of activities and their need for
interaction creates the demand for
transportation, while the provision of
transport facilities influences the location
itself.
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION
Interdependence of land & transportation

29.  Mitchell & Rapkin : Statement: Urban traffic was a function of land use.
They observed various kinds of activities based on land use and traffic.
 Buchanan: Focused on inter-relationship between traffic and buildings in a town. Stated that in
towns, traffic take place because of buildings and in fact all movements in a town have origin and
destination in a building.
 Transport is a function of land-use, reciprocal statement that Land-use is function of transport is
also true. Detroit Area Transportation Study(DATS) validated the statement of transport is a
function of land-use where as Penn-Jersey Transportation Study(PJTS) validated the statement of
land-use is function of transport.
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION

30. Thank you