Gender in the NDCs: Towards Transformation

2. Analysis as of November 2019 185 69 60 31 38 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Total NDCs submitted Gender references Gender reference in CC Gender reference in climate sector Gender reference in policy Gender in NDCs as of November 2019

3. Progress in the updated NDCs 79 61 132 193 0 50 100 150 200 250 Youth No references Gender references Total Gender and Youth in NDCs as of September 30, 2021 41% 32% 68%

4. Gender in Climate Sectors 26 17 24 7 65 57 33 29 43 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Water Technology Health Fisheries-Aquaculture Energy Environmental Management Economy/Livelihoods Disasters Agriculture Gender in Climate Sector 22% 15% 17% 30% 34% 4% 12% 9% 13%

5. Gender and Climate in National Policy 93 70 27 22 25 10 33 54 82 0.48 0.36 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.05 0.17 0.28 0.42 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Consultative Approach Policy Integration Sustainable Development Policy Insitutional Mechanisms Monitoring and Evaluation Gender in National Climate Action Plan Gender in Climate Change Policy Gender Equality Policy Gender Mainstreaming

6. Gender Equality in NDCs 9 28 8 19 52 50 0.05 0.15 0.04 0.10 0.27 0.26 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Active Agents Capacity development Empowerment Decisionmaking Women as vulnerable Human rights context

7. Gap areas for moving forward: • Monitoring and implementation indicators – only a few NDCs integrate gender • Gender budgeting – or other strategies to integrate gender and youth into implementation • Inclusive climate finance for women at the local level • Transportation – needs to be safe, affordable and available for transport of goods to market • Fisheries and aquaculture – a gap for women and youth • Technology and digital solutions (i.e. mobile money) for women • Models for gender integration • Models for gender integration in climate policy

8. Sophia Huyer s.huyer@cgiar.org Thank you. Sophia Huyer, Gender and Social inclusion Leader s.huyer@cigar.org JL Urrea (CCAFS)

Editor's Notes

Of 185 NDCs, 69 make one or more references to gender – 37%.
In 2021, an analysis by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) found the percentage of gender in NDCs has almost doubled: From 69 mentions out of 185 in 2019, the analysis of the updated NDCs so far shows 132 out of 193 NDCs include references to gender – 68%. In all of these gender or women are mentioned more than once. We see that references to youth are still behind, 79 NDCs include at least one reference to youth out of 193 – 41%. References to youth are in the context of: Consultative approaches for policy development as well as implementation Employment and livelihoods
Gender references according to sector vary: Energy has the most attention in relation to gender – in relation to renewable and green energy, cookstoves, and sustainable energy sources. Environmental management is second, including biodiversity and nature-based solutions. Agriculture is in third place, followed by the promotion of climate-friendly livelihoods, finance and employment and disaster responses and recovery. While several refrences are made to fisher”men” in the NDCs, and support to fishing communities, only 7 NDCs made specific mention of gender-related responses or dimensions of fisheries or aq
Gender references in relation to policy involved the integration of gender and climate in national policies; the integration of gender in national climate-related policies as well as policy approaches. These include consultative approaches to the development and implementation of climate policy; integration of policies in a climate and gender agenda, and implementation mechanisms such as climate laws, budgets, etc. The greatest number of references to a policy approach were in relation to a consultative approach that integrated perspectives and inputs from women (and often youth) Policy integration was well-covered, to integrate several policies and ministries into a common gender and climate approach Many NDCs used the national gender equality policy framework, or integrated climate into national gender policy. 33 countries made reference to including gender in some form of climate policy; To date Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, Tanzania, and Zambia have approved Gender and Climate Action Plans, but not all NDCs from these countries referred to the GCAPs.
Finally, an initial analysis was made of dimensions of gender equality as discussed in the gender literature. Gender mainstreaming was the most common equality approach (82) of 195 NDCs referred to it. However, the means of implementation of gender mainstreaming was not necessarily also referred to, such as gender budgets (>10 NDCs) and ensuring women’s participation in climate action or implementation (Ampaire, et al, 2020, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-019-02447-0). Gender was set in a rights context in 50 NDCs. While 52 NDCs placed women in the context of vulnerability, only 9 NDCs referred to women as active agents. However, 19 NDCs pledged to promote women’s role in decision making around climate action, and called for the empowerment of women (Resurrection et al, 2019, https://gca.org/reports/gender-transformative-climate-change-adaptation-advancing-social-equity/). 29 NDCs pledged capacity development of women, one of the key gender and youth dimensions of The Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture (KJWA), a UNFCCC decision that recognizes the unique potential of agriculture in tackling climate change.

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Editor's Notes