There are many good reasons to learn English as second language. There are more than 6,000 different languages spoken all over the world, but English is and will continue to be a common means of communication for speakers of all languages.
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
english is second language
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2. ■The language that a person has been exposed to from birth
■Usually the first language learnt, at home, from parents and family
members
■Usually the language of a child’s ethnic group
■Also called
■Not necessarily only spoken by mother
■Children from bilingual homes may have more than one First Language
■Mother Tongue is part of a child’s personal, social and cultural identity
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3. is the
impact of the sounds of a person’s First Language
or Mother Tongue upon the person’s Second
Language that he/ she is learning
■Sound system of the Mother Tongue already
internalized in the student to such an extent that it
inhibits acquisition of sounds and pronunciation of
Second Language
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4. Indians often speak
English with
accents used in
their mother
tongues
Sounds of their
mother tongues are
different from sounds
of English
Many sounds are not
used in their regional
languages
Confusion arises
in pronunciation
Effect is called
Mother Tongue
Influence
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9. Sounds produced without
friction between the speech
organs, and without closure of
the air passage are called
vowels
5 vowel letters in English
20 vowel sounds in
English
12 monophthongs or pure
vowels (single sound)
8 diphthongs (double or
Sounds produced with audible
friction between the speech
organs, and with partial or full
closure of the air passage are
called consonants
21 consonant letters in English
24 consonant sounds in
English
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10. /i:/ easy, field, see /ɒ office, cross
/ɪ/ it, hill, duty /ɔ:/ all, born, saw
/e/ enemy, step /ʊ/ book, to
/æ/ apple, man /u:/ ooze, fool, true
/ɑ:/ art, mask, car /ʌ/ under, sun
/ɜ:/ earth, bird, stir /ə/ about, police, maker
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11. /eɪ eight, snail, say /ɔɪ/ oil, noise, boy
/əʊ old, hope, so /ɪə/ ear, hear, mere
/aɪ idea, bite, buy /eə air, hairy,
share
/aʊ out, sound, cow /ʊə poor, sure
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12. /p/ pen, speak, leap /s/ some, biscuit, cots
/b/ bet, about, nib /z/ zoo, dozen, buzz
/t/ time, better, beat /ʃ/ shape, ashamed, bush
/d/ day, adorn, said /ʒ/ genre, pleasure,
mirage
/k/ call, echo, ask /h/ hat, behave, ah
/g/ gate, ago, league /l/ lottery, along, bottle
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14. ■Set of symbols used to represent RP or
Received Pronunciation of English
■No one-to-one correspondence between letters of
the alphabet and sounds they represent
■Consider the letter ‘e’ in the word ‘re-entered’
4 different pronunciations of ‘e’ in the word ‘re-entered’
■80% of English words are not spelled phonetically
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15. One letter can
represent multiple
sounds
‘a’ can sound like
‘apple’, ‘ball’,
‘sharp’
‘ch’ can sound
like ‘chemistry’,
‘chair’, ‘machine’
One sound can
be represented
by multiple
letters
/k/ sound in ‘car’,
‘kite’, ‘occasion’,
‘chemist’
/s/ sound in ‘sing’,
‘city’, ‘scent’,
‘press’
Some letters
are written,
but remain
silent
‘e’ in ‘mine’, ‘t’
in ‘listen’
‘p’ in
‘psychology’, ‘h’
in ‘hour’
Some letters
do not match
their
pronunciation
‘gh’ in ‘laughter’,
‘y’ in ‘city’
‘ieu’ in
‘lieutenant’
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