Genocide of the california indians

GENOCIDE OF THE CALIFORNIA
INDIANS

In the following history, you will often hear 19th centuryAlbinoCalifornians talk in terms of “The
destiny of the white man” (Manifest destiny of theWhite Race). Most people think of this as a Nazi
concept from Hitler’s Germany, but no, it is actually an AlbinoAmerican Fantasy.You will also hear
them deride Native Americans for not exploiting the land to the maximum, when in the next
breath, they admit that the Indians were well fed and needed nothing more: (As if people need a
justification for living on their own land).

 Here is how Wiki explains Manifest destiny: In the 19th century,
manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its
settlers were destined to expand across North America.There are
three basic themes to manifest destiny: a)The special virtues of the
American people and their institutions, b)The mission of the United
States to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian
America, c) An irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty.
Historians have emphasized that "manifest destiny" was a contested
concept—pre-civil war Democrats endorsed the idea (keeping in mind
that at that time, Democrats were “Slavers”), but many prominent
Americans (such as Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and most
Whigs) rejected it. Historian Daniel Walker Howe writes, "American
imperialism did not represent an American consensus; it provoked
bitter dissent within the national polity ...Whigs saw America's moral
mission as one of democratic example rather than one of conquest."
{Of course the preceding is nothing more than Albino cleanup. If so
many were really against it, it wouldn’t have happened}.

 All of this is mental game-play to justify their theft of
Indian land, and their inhumanity as demonstrated by
their murders and genocides.Their belief in their right to
take from others is how they compensate for the genetic
weakness of their Albinism. In their minds, their ability
to conquer others (even docile primitively armed natives)
is proof that they are not inferior.Their insulting epithets
regarding Mongols and Indians is their way of
substantiating that they are “Prettier” than others, and
thus certainly not inferior. As we make clear in other
sections, it’s all about their Albinism, and how they
chose to react to it, and compensate for it.

COUNTRY AND THE INDIANS.
 Who the first white man was to tread our virgin soil and
breathe our salubrious air, is, we fear, a vain conjecture.
Was he of Drake's or Portala's parties, or some unlawful
roamer of the seas, on wild adventure Or did the first
foreigners drift over upon our shores from China or Japan,
and thus give the despised Mongolian preference over
the pale faces of these latter days? Who so ever entered
our glorious bay by the headlands could hardly avoid being
won to the opposite side, where the mists of ocean are
dissipated by the early sun, and the shores sloped gently to
the dimpled and brown-faced mountains, where the
encinals stretched out their arms in welcome, and the oak
groves gave shade and shelter.

 There, too, was the light from the wigwam to
be seen glimmering in the distance, and the
reflection of the shell mounds shimmering
over the waters. Of what unrecorded
romance may have this been the early scene;
what unwritten history, what lost traditions
may have been attached to the ground which
now we tread or turn over: the lost heritage
of a savage race, and which now blooms as
land never bloomed before.

 As we proceed further with our narrative, it is
necessary that we should take cognizance of
the conditions discovered here on the arrival
of the Fathers. All was a vast aboriginal
wilderness, but by no means an untenanted
solitude, for the native savage had increased
and multiplied; the coyote's call was heard on
every hill, and the emblematic grizzly roamed
at large.

 Father Junipera stated that, even on the arid
plains of San Diego, he saw a great many naked
savages, whose unwholesome habits he
described.They were, however, for a time
hospitable and friendly, until their "cupidity"
(greed for money or possessions), led them to
revolt and murder. Here we must stop and
marvel at the machinations of the Albino
mind. Here is an Albino man, whose people are
in the midst of murdering millions of people to
steal their land, talking about the GREED of
theirVICTIMS

 In 1577 Sir Francis Drake, if he did not actually enter
our great bay, tarried some time in its vicinity, and
had friendly intercourse with the natives.The
historian of that celebrated voyage to our shores,
wrote as follows: “They here discovered a bay,
which, entering with a favorable gale, they found
several huts by the water side, well defended from
the severity of the weather. Going on shore they
found a fire in the middle of each house, and the
people lying round it upon rushes.The men go quite
naked, but the women have a deer-skin over their
shoulders, and around their waists a covering of bull-
rushes, after the manner of hemp.

 These people bringing the Admiral a present of
feathers and cauls of network, he entertained
them so kindly and generously, that they were
extremely pleased, and soon afterwards they
sent him a present of feathers and bags of
tobacco. A number of them coining to deliver it,
gathered themselves together on the top of a
small hill, from the highest point of which one of
them harangued the Admiral, whose tent was
placed at the bottom. When the speech was
ended they laid down their arms and came
down, offering their presents; at the same time
returning what the Admiral had given them.

 The women remaining on the hill, tearing their
hair and making dreadful howling’s, the Admiral
supposed them engaged in making sacrifices,
and thereupon ordered divine service to be
performed at his tent, at which these people
attended with astonishment.The arrival of the
English in California being soon known through
the country, two persons, in the character of
ambassadors, came to the admiral and informed
him, in the best manner they were able, that the
king would assist him if he might be assured of
coming in safety.

 Being satisfied on this point, a numerous company
soon appeared, in front of which was a very comely
person bearing a kind of scepter, on which hung two
crowns and three chains of great length; the chains
were of bones and the crowns of network, curiously
wrought with feathers of many colors. “Next to the
scepter-bearer came the king, a handsome, majestic
person, surrounded by a number of tall men, dressed
in skins, who were followed by the common people;
who, to make the grander appearance, had painted
their faces of various colors; and all of them, even
the children, being loaded with presents.

 The men being drawn up in line of battle, the
Admiral stood ready to receive the king within
the entrance of his tent.The company having
halted at a distance, the scepter-bearer made a
speech, half an hour long, at the end of which he
began singing and dancing, in which he was
followed by the king and all his people, who,
continuing to sing and dance, came quite up to
the tent; when, sitting down, the king taking off
his crown of feathers, placed it on the Admiral's
head, and put upon him the other ensigns of
royalty; and it is said he made him a solemn
tender of his whole kingdom.

 All of which the Admiral accepted, in the
name of the Queen, his sovereign, in hope
these proceedings might, one time or other,
contribute to the advantage of England.

 The common people, dispersing themselves
among the Admiral's tents, professed the utmost
admiration and esteem for the English, whom
they considered as more than mortal, and
accordingly prepared to offer sacrifices to them ;
but they were told, by signs, that their religious
worship was alone due to the Supreme Maker
and Preserver of all things.The Admiral and
some of his people, traveling to a distance in the
country, saw such a quantity of rabbits that it
appeared an entire warren; they also saw deer in
such plenty as to run a thousand in a herd

 The earth of the country seemed to promise
rich veins of gold and silver, some of the ore
being constantly found on digging.The
Admiral, at his departure, set up a pillar with
a large plate on it, on which was engraved her
majesty's (Queen Elizabeth's) name, picture,
arms and title to the country, together with
the Admiral's name, and the time of his
arrival there.”

 One cannot help thinking that the chronicler of this
remarkable visit drew largely upon his fancy and
prepared his narrative with a special view to the
pleasure of royal eyes. It was exceedingly
considerate of the savage king to pi-offer his crown
to the bold buccaneer; and how gracious it was of
the latter to accept it, in order that it might possibly
contribute to the advantage of England, and become
the pretext for future claims!The judiciously-
prepared chronicle had its effect, for we are told by
the writer of it that Queen Elizabeth afterwards
knighted Drake for his services, “telling him at the
same time that his actions did him more honor than
his title.”

 It will not be uninteresting to note here what
Father Junipera had to say of the country and
people generally on his arrival at San Diego.
On July 3d, 1769, he wrote: “The tract
through which we passed is generally good
land, with plenty of water, and there, as well
as here, the country is neither rocky nor
overrun with brushwood.There are, however,
many hills, but they are composed of earth.

 The road has been in some places good, but the greater
part bad. About half way the valleys and banks of rivulets
began to be delightful.We found vines of a large size, and
in some cases quite loaded with grapes; we also found an
abundance of roses, which appeared to be like those of
Castile.We have seen Indians in immense numbers, and all
those on this coast of the Pacific contrive to make a good
subsistence on various seeds and by fishing.The latter they
carry on by means of rafts or canoes made of tule (bull-
rushes), with which they go a great way to sea. They are
very civil. All the males, old and young, go naked; the
women, however, and the female children, are decently
covered from their breasts downwards.

 We found, on our journey, as well as in the place where we
stopped, that they treated us with as much confidence and good-
will as if they had known us all their lives. But when we offered
them any of our victuals, they always refused them.All they
cared for was cloth, and only for something of this sort would
they exchange their fish or whatever else they had. During the
whole march we found hares, rabbits, some deer, and a multitude
of berendos, a kind of wild goat.” No doubt this was a pleasant
change from the barren wastes of Lower California; but had the
time of year been January instead of July, the picture of the
beauty of the country would be less open to the suspicion of
exaggeration. It is to be supposed that the grapes and the roses
of Castile were the fruit of the seed scattered by Viscaino, or
other adventurers who had preceded the devoted father many
years before.

HISTORY OF ALAMEDA COUNTY.
 In Palou, the first historian of California. Speaking of
the land journey of Captain Juan Bautista's party
from Monterey, in search of San Francisco, in the
year 1773, that writer mentions the following
interesting incident: “In theValley of San Jose, the
party coming up by land saw some animals which
they took for cattle, though they could not imagine
where they came from; and supposing they were
wild, and would scatter the tame ones they were
driving, the soldiers made after them and succeeded
in killing three, which were so large that a mule
could with difficulty carry one, being of the size of an
ox, and with horns like those of deer, but so long that
their tips were eight feet apart

 This was their first view of the elk.The soldiers made the
observation that they could not run against the wind by
reason of their monstrous antlers.”The San JoseValley here
mentioned evidently had reference to the plain in the
southern part of this county, near which the Mission of that
name was subsequently established. Indeed, the level
portion ofWashingtonTownship is yet often mentioned as
the San JoseValley, as well as a portion of Murray, in which
was some of the mission lands. It is an important matter to
have it on record that here was seen, for the first time, that
magnificent animal, the elk, which no doubt was in the
habit of crossing over through the passes of the Mount
Diablo Range, from its home in the San JoaquinValley, to
seek the waters of the Alameda

 We further learn from the same source that “after the presidio
and before the mission was established (in San Francisco) an
exploration of the interior was organized, as usual, by sea (the
bay) and land. Point San Pablo was given as the rendezvous, but
the captain of the presidio (Moraga), who undertook in person to
lead the land party, failed to appear there, having, with a design
to shorten the distance, entered a canon somewhere near the
head of the bay, which took him over to the San Joaquin River. So
he discovered that stream.” Here it will be seen that after the
Spaniards had affected a lodgment in San Francisco, this part of
the country was the first to be visited. One party proceeded via
San Pablo, and the other down to the head of the bay on the San
Mateo side.Thence they crossed over to the Alameda Canon, and
followed its tortuous course until the LivermoreValley was
reached.They continued thence through the Livermore Pass,
thus reaching the San Joaquin River andValley, in the same
course that is now pursued by the Central Pacific.

 It will be seen that, contrary to what is
sometimes supposed, the men who set
themselves down to the work before them
were far from leading lazy lives. It was not
only a moral and religious education that
they undertook to impart to the California
savage: “the festive Digger“ but also an
industrial one

 The neophytes, or converts, were also instructed
in agriculture and some of the simplest
manufacturing arts, such as tanning, soap-
making, weaving, etc. For two men, speaking a
strange language, to take hold of, educate, even
in the simplest rudiments, teach them the
doctrine and practice of religion, the use of
raiment, the cooking of food, the cultivation of
land, the care of horses, sheep and cattle, the
construction of houses, flumes and fences, the
tanning of leather, the preparation of soap, the
spinning of wool and the weaving of thread,
seems almost incredulous.

 This statement is not made for the purpose of either
approving or criticizing the conduct of these men towards
the creatures brought under their charge. Only what the
records disclose and what the facts truly represent, are
stated. Of the value of their services, readers can judge for
themselves. Others have condemned the Fathers, and
accused them of taking advantage of the ignorance and
helplessness of the savages to place burdens upon them;
while, again, on the other hand, their conduct has been
extolled as patriarchal, wise and humane, in the
extreme. All that is here to be remarked is, as the sequel
shows, it was unfortunate that so much care, patience
and zeal were used to no lasting purpose.

THE CHARACTER AND CONDITION OF
THE CALIFORNIA INDIANS.
 The truth of the matter is the California Indian
was a hail subject for civilization. He was one
of the most degraded of God's creatures. He
was without knowledge, religion or morals
even in their most elementary and perverted
forms. He lived without labor, and enjoyed all
the ease and pleasure he could. Physically, he
was not prepossessing, although having
considerable endurance and strength. His skin
was nearly as dark as that of the Negro, and
his hair as coarse as that of the horse, while his
features were repulsive.

 To gratify his appetite and satiate his lust were his only
ambition. He was too cowardly to be warlike, and did not
possess that spirit of independence which is commonly
supposed to be the principal attribute of his race. In so genial a
climate as ours, nature easily provided for all his wants.The
best part of his time was spent in dancing and sleeping.The
aborigines of Upper California had no history, and but a
meager amount of tradition.Their remains consisted of earth
and shell mounds, which were used as places of interment.
They buried their dead in a sitting posture.They also used
cremation.Their tongues were various, and when the
Spaniards lived in the country, the natives of San Diego could
not understand the natives of Los Angeles or Monterey.They
led a wandering life, moving from place to place, for the
purposes of fishing, hunting, and gathering supplies.

 The country teemed with game of all kinds, and the flesh of deer,
rabbits, etc., was plentifully used. Fish was abundant, and ran in
every stream. Berries, nuts, and a variety of vegetables entered
into their diet. Acorns and nuts, roots, and wild oats, all formed
articles of consumption.The wild oats grew very plentifully, and
the crop was genial. It has been asserted that the natives were in
the habit of eating vermin; but it must be remembered they were
not trained to prejudice against certain things, as are our
fastidious tastes. It was not want, therefore, that compelled
them to do this.What can be more repulsive to the civilized man
than the idea of using the flesh of reptiles for food.Yet when
hunger compelled, men have been known to eat even
rattlesnakes, and praise their flesh as dainty. Of course, they
rejected the rattles. In savage day’s rodents, such as rats,
gophers, and squirrels, were little known. Commerce and the
wheat fields have caused them to multiply.

 The dwellings of the Indians were the meanest of
huts, made of willows and thatched with tules or
rushes.They were generally like conically-shaped
baskets, made by taking a few poles and placing
them in the ground in circular form and
gathering them together at the top.These were
interlaced with thin willows and covered with
mud or brush.They were very small, and in
winter time the burning of a handful of twigs
inside of them, would keep them warm for a day.
When they became intolerable with vermin (if
they could so become to them), they were easily
converted into ashes and others made instead.

 The skins of wild beasts made them comfortable coverings;
but it was no uncommon thing, even as late as the early
days of the gold discovery, to see them sleeping naked
on a couch of rushes, like a litter of pigs. In winter
weather, the frost, acting on the heat of their bodies,
would cause smoke to ascend from them. An eye witness
has stated that he has observed them in this attitude, and it
was amusing to see the “outside“ ones, as is ever the case,
even in better society, try to get on the “inside” of the row!
Their cabins or wigwams were usually built on the margins
of rivers and creeks, or in the dells of mountains, but always
near some stream to which they had access for their
ablutions (bathing), which were frequent.


The first thing they would do in the morning,
after rising from their litters, would be to
plunge into the river or wash themselves in
the stream.They would then dance and play
around a large fire until they had acquired
sufficient appetite to relish a hearty meal.
This was their practice in the cold mountain
regions as well as the more temperate
valleys; in winter as well as in summer.

 Colds came with clothing, the latter they did
not take kindly to, excepting for the purpose
of ornament. “When they ran away from the
missions and rejoined their tribe, the first
thing they would do would be to doff their
mission garments, which were emblematic of
Christianity and servitude. An anecdote is told
of an old chief (perhaps old Napa himself), who
paid GeneralVallejo a visit once on a very cold
day, and when all that he wore was his war paint.
“Are you not cold,” asked the General, with no
covering on your body, such a day as this?

 ? Is not your face cold, asked the Indian in
reply, with no covering upon it but your
beard? I never make it a practice to cover my
face for protection against the cold Napa
replied to the General, it is not necessary.
Well, Napa's body all face and want no
covering, ugh, replied the Indian, who made
his point well.

 The Upper California Indians, as I have already
stated, had no religion; they had no moral code,
nor even practical superstition.They worshipped
no Supreme Being, and observed no sacred rites.
They sometimes, however, set up a stuffed
coyote, around which they lazily danced.They
were devoid of ambition and seldom were stirred
by passion.They were passive, like all Indians, but
they were, nevertheless, cruel in exercising
resentments.They troubled themselves little
about the cares of life, for they were sure of a
living anyhow; and rivalry, envy or emulation
never took passionate possession of their souls.

 The natives of the South Sea islands, no
doubt, possessed more abundantly labor-less
supplies of food; but they had to defend
themselves and their possessions against the
incursions of their neighbors. Hence they
were fierce, jealous and warlike.They were
troubled with ambition and jealousy; and,
although naturally indolent too, they did not
drone and dance away their days and nights
as our Indians did.

 The Californians were festive in their way, but
they allowed the burdens of labor to be mostly
borne by the women.They had many dances and
dance-houses, and indulged in many and
hideous midnight orgies.They were, too,
shamelessly sensual.There were a few of a
particularly depraved class among the tribes.
These, however, were among the men, not the
women. Down our valleys they were called
Goyas, and were regarded as outcasts.They
assumed the habits and appearance of
women, and lent themselves to the lusts of
both sexes.

 They were found all over the province, but are
said to have been more numerous about Santa
Barbara, where heathen morals were not even as
good as here. Although not possessed of large
families, their numbers were great.The whole
country was covered with them, and the men of
the leather armors did not have to penetrate far
to fetch them to the missions. When attacked
and forced to fight, they would sometimes make
a pretty formidable resistance, but generally
they were not well calculated to stand the shock
of battle.

 Having had no religion or code of morals of
their own, it is not to be greatly wondered that
the Fathers found them prepared to fall readily
under their influence. Hence, the large number
of their conversions. They were unacquainted
with intoxicating drinks, and consequently led
sober lives.The exercises of the chase and the
dance gave them considerable physical strength.
They were remarkable athletes. As swimmers
and runners they were unexcelled.Their young
would float and gyrate in the water like so many
fish.

 To catch, subdue and educate a race like this, to whom
freedom was everything, it will be seen at a glance, was
no easy task.To accomplish it, even remotely, demanded
all the elements of success. Force and persuasion must
be commingled.The soldier of the presidio represented
the one, the padre at the mission the other. Good
treatment must have been used, to keep them from
running away, and their employments congenial.The
novelty of a semi-civilized situation, with the attractiveness
of new objects and strange ways, with good diet and kind
conduct, could alone have kept them, even for a time,
together. On no other theory can we understand how the
missions were universally so successful, not only in Upper
California, but in the other portions of the Spanish
dominions.

 The mission buildings generally consisted of a
quadrilateral, two stories high; there was visually
a court yard with fountain and trees.The various
apartments consisted of a chapel, Fathers'
apartments, store-houses, workshops and
barracks.The whole were built of adobe blocks,
of unburnt clay.The mode of life observed at the
missions was as follows:The entire management
of each establishment was under the care of two
“Religious,” or Friars. In spiritual matters they
were altogether directed by the head of the
Franciscan order.

 In temporal matters they accounted to the
Governor; and in the Spanish archives of San
Francisco will be found many reports from
them of the condition and increase of the
respective missions, of which they made
statements regularly at the end of each year.
The elder of the Fathers attended to the
interior and the younger to the exterior
administration.

 One portion of the building, which was called the
monastery, was inhabited by the young Indian
girls.There, under the care of approved matrons
of their own race, they were instructed in the
branches necessary for their condition in life;
they were not permitted to leave until of an age
fitting them for marriage. In the schools, those
who exhibited more talents than their
companions were taught vocal and instrumental
music — the latter consisting of the flute, horn
and violin

 In the mechanical departments, too, the most
apt were promoted to the positions of
foremen.The better to preserve the morals of
all, none of the whites, except those
absolutely necessary, were employed at the
missions.


 The Albinos most thorough success may well be the
extermination of the Black American Indian: and his
COMPLETE replacement by Albinos and their Mulattoes.
Though it is true that Genocide did occur in Europe, it was not
complete, as many Blacks were enslaved/indentured, and
shipped off to the Americas. Likewise, though there was also
Genocide in Egypt and North Africa, along with the Middle
East, indications are that many of those Black people were
able to escape to lower Africa: additionally, the populations of
those areas are mainly Mulattoes today - indicating admixture
and absorption – thus survival of some genetic remnants of
the original Black people.The Mongols of Asia would also fall
into that category. In all these cases, the Albinos and their
Mulattoes have usurped the identities of the original Black
inhabitants and now masquerade as them.

The cruel demise of
California's Native Black
People The first 50 years of the American Period was a horrible
time for the Native Californians, given the sheer
magnitude of what happened during that half century:
scalpings of men, women, & children; incarceration in
jails, with the only way out being forced indenture to
whites for unspecified lengths of time; the kidnapping &
sale of Indian children; the massacres of entire Indian
villages; the military roundup of Indians and their forced
exile on military reservations, where even the most basic
of living amenities were lacking; their complete legal
disenfranchisement.The outcome of all this was that
during the first two decades of the American occupation,
the native population of California plummeted by 90
percent - in short, a California version of the WWII
Holocaust.

 Because of the oppressive, depressing, & horrifying nature of the
American period, I were tempted, while preparing this web page, to
simply summarize what had happened to the Native People. I felt (as
several of my students who proof-read the web document did), that
human nature being what it is, it would cause people visiting the
American Period page to block out the information which they can't,
or don't want to deal with: (comment - this history is in marked
contrast to the "Fantasy" Cowboys and Indians history depicted in
Television and Movies. Even the "Realistic" ones don't come near to
indicating the "Wholesale Murder of Millions. In one section the
information is so damning towards (White) Americans that, as one of
my students pointed out, many people just won't read it, or worse,
they'll conclude that the views & information presented are too one-
sided; thus, they may discount the information entirely. Surely, there
must have been people speaking out on behalf of the Indians and
against the genocide committed against them?

 There were a few people who spoke out,
who reacted against the savagery of the
anglo-Americans in California.
Unfortunately, such voices were"crying in
the wilderness."They were pushed aside,
their humanity negated by a system that
promulgated the shibboleths of inevitable
conflict, the greatest good for the greatest
number, and the most important one, the
destiny of the white man.

 As I note below, the anglo-Americans believed
they were the chosen civilizers of the earth.
And contrary to popular myth, the men who
ruthlessly destroyed the Native Californians
were not the outcasts of society, the footloose
riffraff of the United States. In fact, many of
the whites often became California's leading
citizens. For example, in northwestern
California William Carson has been credited
with creating hundreds of jobs on the Pacific
Coast.

 Yet, this man participated in the Hayfork Massacre of 1852
where 152 Native Californians were slaughtered. John Carr, in
his book Pioneer Days, describes the Massacre and states in
the introduction: " It may help ... to rescue and preserve some
of the doings of the common people that founded and built up
this great State of California" [emphasis added].With the
exception of Isaac Cox, author of the Annals ofTrinity County,
most white historians who discuss the Hayfork Massacre and
the events leading up to it [the killing of the white John
Anderson and the stealing of his cattle by the Indians], place
the BLAME for the Massacre on the Indians, not on the whites.
Even Cox, who states the Indians were justified in having a
grudge against Anderson, justifies the massacre: "Be this true
or not, the rascals had committed a glaring infraction into the
peace and security of the county and to chastise them was
proper and laudable."

 Below I discuss the 1850 Act for the Government and
Protection of Indians, which established the means whereby
Indians of all ages could be indentured or apprenticed to any
white. Eleven years later an editorial in the HumboldtTimes
noted:
 This law works beautifully. A few days agoV. E. Geiger,
formerly Indian Agent, had some eighty Indians apprenticed
to him and proposes to emigrate to Washoe with them as soon
as he can cross the mountains. We hear of many others who
are having them bound in numbers to suit. What a pity the
provisions of this law are not extended to Greasers, Kanaks
(Kanaks are the indigenous Melanesian inhabitants of New
Caledonia), and Asiatics. It would be so convenient, you know,
to carry on a farm or mine when all the hard and dirty work is
performed by apprentices.

 The Pobladores ("townspeople") of Los Angeles refers to the
44 original settlers and 4 soldiers who founded the city of Los
Angeles, California in 1781.
When the Governor of Las Californias, Felipe de Neve, was
assigned to establish secular settlements in what is now the
state of California (after more than a decade of missionary
work among the natives), he commissioned a complete set of
maps and plans (the Reglamento para el gobierno de la
Provincia de Californias and the Instrucción) to be drawn up for
the design and colonization of the new pueblo. Finding the
individuals to actually do the work of building and living in the
city proved to be a more daunting task. Neve finally located
the new and willing dwellers in Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico.
But gathering the pobladores was a little more difficult.The
original party of the new townsfolk consisted of eleven
families, that is 11 men, 11 women, and 22 children of various
Spanish castas (castes).

 The castas of the 22 adult pobladores,
according to the 1781 census, were:
 (1) Peninsular - (Spaniard born in Spain)
(1) Criollo - (Spaniard born in New Spain)
(1) Mestizo - (mixed Spanish and Indian)
(2) Negros - (blacks of full African ancestry)
(8) Mulattos - (mixed Spanish and black)
(9) Indios - (American Indians)

 In 1860 the Los Angeles City Council approved an
ordinance which read:
 When the city has no work in which to employ the
chain gang, the Recorder shall, by means of
notices conspicuously posted, notify the public
that such a number of prisoners will be auctioned
off to the highest bidder for private service, and in
that manner they shall be disposed of for a sum
which shall not be less than the amount of their
fine for double the time they were to serve at hard
labor.What's most telling about this slavery is
that it involved Indians almost exclusively.

 At about this time, J. Ross Browne wrote
about this ordinance and the Indians'
condition in Los Angeles:The inhabitants of
Los Angeles are a moral and intelligent
people and many of them disapprove of the
custom [of auctioning off prisoners] on
principle, and hope that it will be abolished
as soon as the Indians are all killed off.


 he EarlyYears: Madness, Mayhem, and
Massacres
 In 1848, California became a part of the United
States. Under the terms of theTreaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo, California's native peoples
were to become citizens of the U.S. with their
liberty and property rights given full
protection under U.S. laws. However, the
govertment failed to live up to these terms
and the native peoples suffered horrendously
during the next several decades.

 Years between 1845 and 1855 brought a
flood of Anglos into California. Lured by
land and gold, hordes of newcomers poured
into California, penetrating into the most
remote valleys and mountains searching for
gold, timber, &land, and overwhelming the
native peoples.

 The resulting confrontation between the
Anglos and Indians was ugly and brutal.
Throughout the state the native peoples
were the victims of an almost inconceivable
tragedy brought on by disease, starvation,
and outright genocidal campaigns against
them. In a mere ten years, the Indian
population of the central valley and
adjacent hills and mountains plummeted
from 150,000 to about 50,000.

 Displaced from their ancestral homes, denied
access to critical food and medicine resource
procurement areas through such devices as fences
and fictional property "rights" of whites, their
fishing places choked with mining and logging
debris, the native peoples starved to death by the
hundreds. Animals were hunted or driven from
their old territories; irrigation lowered water
tables and native plants withered and died.The
rich swamps, once prime resources of food and
game, were drained to become farm land. Cattle
and pigs ate the grasses and seeds and nuts, foods
vital to the native peoples subsistence base.

 Added to this was the wholesale slaughter of the native
peoples across the state. Anglos, greedy for Indian land
and resources, and infused with ideas of their own racial
superiority, justified the murder of the native peoples by
extolling the MANIFEST DESTINY of the white race.The
anglo's institutionalized propaganda perpetuated the
myth that the American settler was the chosen civilizer
of the earth, attitudes fostered by the press and by the
materialistic successes of the ranchers, businessmen,
&industrialists. Many miners, settlers, and other anglos
treated persons with any degree of native ancestry as
slightly less than human. Indians were hunted, shot, and
lynched so frequently that newspapers rarely bothered
to record such EVERYDAY events.

 All across California, groups of anglo males
formed "volunteer armies" and would periodically
swept down on peaceful Indian villages,
indiscrimately killing women, men, and children.
In 1853 in northern California a group of citizens
from Crescent City formed one of these
"companies" and dressed like soldiers they
surrounded theTolowa village ofYontoket. Here,
at the center of the religious and political world of
theTolowa people, some 450Tolowa had gathered
to pray to a universal spirit for beauty and order &
to thank God for life. Suddenly the anglos
attacked - aTolowa man tells the story, years
later:

 The whites attacked and the bullets were
everywhere. Over four hundred and fifty of our
people were murdered or lay dying on the
ground.Then the whitemen built a huge fire
and threw in our sacred ceremonial dresses,
the regalia, and our feathers, and the flames
grew higher.Then they threw in the babies,
many of them were still alive. Some tied
weights around the necks of the dead and
threw them into the nearby water.

Here is how incidents like that
were reported by the Albinos
 Two men escaped, they had been in the Sacred Sweathouse and crept down to the water's edge and hid under the Lily Pads, breathing through the reeds. The next
morning they found the water red with blood of their people.
 The following year, the Tolowas were attacked again with hundreds of Indians murdered, all for the "crime" of taking a horse! According to one anglo account:
 ... the Indians of the area and the whites were involved in a good deal of trouble. One of the Indians had stolen a horse belonging to a white man.
 This was too much for the white people who forgot about their sale of liquor to the Indians, the fact that whites had taken the Indian women for immoral purposes,
had beaten the Indians whenever it suited them, and had squattered and seized the Indian's land and game. The Indians had to be punished for the taking of this
one horse, and the whites organized a party armed with guns. The group went ... and hid in the brush surrounding the village....
 As the Indians, men, women and children, came from their homes, they were shot down as fast as the whites could reload their guns. The Indians were unable to
defend themselves as the attackers were hidden in the brush. A few of the Indians who survived the massacre at the village ran toward Lake Earl and plunged into
the water. The angered whites followed, shooting at every head that appeared above water, so fierce was their determination to exterminate the entire village as a
lesson to other Indians in the area.
 The nature of some of the larger operations against the Indians is illustrated well by the Clear Lake Massacre of 1849. It began when two white men were killed by
local Pomo. These two men had been brutally exploiting the local Indians, enslaving and abusing them, and sexually assaulting Indian women. The response from
the whites was a massive military campaign, characterized by savagery and brutality on the part of the whites.
 ... many women and children were killed around this island. One old lady ... saw two white men coming with their guns up in the air and on their guns hung a little
girl, they brought it to the creek and threw it in the water ... two more men came ... this time they had a little boy on the end of their guns and also threw it in the
water. A little ways from her ... two white men stabbed the woman and the baby ... all the little ones were killed by being stabbed, and many of the women also.
 The army reported that by the time the masssacre was over more than 400 Pomo had been killed, most of them women and children.
 It shouldn't be assumed that all such acts were condoned. The San Francisco Bulletin in 1861 noted:
 G.H. Woodman, of Mendocino, states in a letter to the San Francisco Herald, that the Indians there commenced killing stock on September 20, and have killed four
hundred head, and have murdered three white men and adds: "If we do not have assistance--immediately, we shall be compelled to move our families and stock out
of this valley."
 Well, if their whole stock shall be killed and their families driven out of their homes, they would have none but themselves to blame; and it would be but partial
justice and punishment to them for the inhuman murders they have committed upon the Indians there. They themselves have been the foulest murderers, or have
permitted the murder of unoffending Indians, without raising a word of objection; yet they now whine and call upon others for assistance, but because a few of their
cattle have been killed, and their own necks are in danger.
 Men who have behaved as they have towards the Indians deserve no protection.




 Yet the official position of both the state and
federal governments was such that they exuded
an air of fatalism which could be interepreted as
tacit approval of the killing of Indians. California's
governor in 1851, Peter Burnett, stated:
 ... that a war of extermination will continue to be
waged between the two races until the Indian race
becomes extinct, must be expected. While we
cannot anticipate the result with but painful
regret, the inevitable destiny of the race is beyond
the power and wisdom of man to avert.

 What makes all of this really disturbing is that such wanton
killing was subsidized by both the State and Federal
governments. Almost any white could raise a volunteer
company, outfit it with guns, ammunition, horses and supplies
and be assured that the government would reimburse all
costs. In 1851 &1852, the California legislature passed several
Acts authorizing payment of over $1.1 million to reimburse
citizens for "private military forarys." And again, in 1857, the
State authorized an additional $410,000 for the same
purposes. And the U.S. Congress reimbursed the state for
what was nothing less than SUBSIDIZED MURDER and
GENOCIDE. As if that was enough, in 1854, Commissioner of
Indian Affairs in California,T.J. Henly, porposed to the federal
government that all California Indians be hauled off to a
reservation east of the Sierra Nevada mountains in order to
"rid the state of this class of population."

 Indians often were blamed for crimes they did
not commit. For example, in 1849, five white
miners were discovered missing from their
camp &other miners assumed, with no
evidence, that Indians were responsible. They
formed a "company" and attacked an Indian
village, killing 20 Indians and capturing 80
more. When the Indians tried to escape, all 80
were shot. It was later learned the missing
miners had simply gotten drunk and wandered
off.

 In some regions of the state, the removal of
Indians was encouraged by paying bounty
hunters for Indian scalps. California
newspapers documented many of the
atrocities. One headline in 1860 read:
"Indiscriminate massacre of Indians -Women
and Children butchered."Then followed details
of the slaughter of Indians living on an island in
Humboldt Bay: "With hatchets, axes, &guns
188 peaceful Indians were killed."The
HumboldtTimes carried more typical
headlines:

 Good Haul of Diggers
39 Bucks Killed
40 Squaws &ChildrenTaken
Band Exterminated


 e had become a living hell for the native
peoples. And it became geocide when the
popular press proclaimed, as theYreka Herald
of 1853 did:
 We hope that the Government will render such
aid as will enable the citizens of the north to
carry on a war of extermination until the last
redskin of these tribes has been killed.
Extermination is no longer a question of time -
- the time has arrived, the work has
commenced, and let the first man that says
treaty or peace be regarded as a traitor.

Legal Disenfranchisement of the
Native Californians
 Atrocities such as these, the scalping, the
attacking and killing of innocent women, men,
and children, the wholesale massacre of tribes,
were not just the result of a few demented
individuals but were built into the very social
fabric of anglo culture; they were even written
into the laws of the state. At the legislative
level, discrimination against Indians was
nearly absolute, soon losing those rights
guaranteed by theTreaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo.

 The California Constitutional convention took
away their right to vote by inserting the word
"white" in the appropriate sentence of the
state's constitution. Furthermore, Indians
were forbidden to hold office, own any
property, drink alcohol, carry a gun, attend
public schools, serve on juries, testify in court
on their own or anyone else's behalf, or
intermarry with non-Indians. On the
statement of any white an Indian could be
declared a vagrant and bound over to a white
landowner or businessman to work for
subsistence.

 Then, in 1853 the State Legislature passed
an Act for the Government and Protection
of Indians. Despite its high sounding title,
the Act was nothing more than a legislative
way of legalizing the peonage system of
the Mexican period as well as establishing a
system of indentureship of Indian children
to any white citizen - that is, it legalized
slavery in what was ostensibly a slave-free
state. Among other things the Act:

 Stated that "In no case shall a white man be
convicted of any offense upon the testimony
of an Indian"
Gave jurisdiction of most matters pertaining to
Indians to local justices of the peace
Allowed, on the word of any white, Indians to
be declared vagrants, thrown in jail, and
his/her labor sold to whites
Established the legal means by which whites
could take custody of Indian children

 According to the Act, Indian children could be
apprenticed to a white citizen, provided the
formal permission of the parents was
obtained. If the parents were dead, then a
local justice of the peace had the authority to
assign an orphan for indentureship until the
child reached the age of 25. However, through
the connivance of cooperative justices, the Act
was easily distorted, and by the 1860s the
kidnapping and sale of Indian children was
commonplace.

 A letter from Indian Commissioner G.M.
Hanson in 1861, is the only comment on
the deplorable practice of childnapping, but
"an eloquent testament to the careless
brutality that was althogether too
common:

 Quote: In the month of October last I apprehended three
kidnappers, about 14 miles from the city of Marysville, who
had nine Indian children, from three to ten years of age, which
they had taken from Eel River in Humboldt County. One of the
three was discharged on a writ of habeas corpus, upon the
testimony of the other two, who stated that "he was not
interested in the matter of taking the children:" after his
discharge the two made an effort to get clear by introducing
the third one as a witness, who testified that "it was an act of
charity on the part of thr two to hunt up the children and then
provide homes for them, because their parents had been
killed, and the children would have perished with hunger." My
counsel inquired how he knew the parents had been kill?
"Because," he said, "I killed some of them myself."

 y the end of the Civil War, the barbarities of
generations of Spanish, Mexcians, and
Americans, the repeated waves of
epidemics (such as smallpox, measles,
diphtheria, and venereal diseases), the
years of starvation, the overwhelming
assaults on the tribes' subsistence base,
lives, and cultures, and the complete
absence of legal protection had reduced the
state's Indian population by 90%.

 When the Spanish arrived in 1769 there
were about 330,000 Indians living in
California. By 1850, the Indian population
had been cut in half (and by the beginning
of the 20th century, there would be fewer
than 20,000 California Indians still alive).
Governor Peter Burnett's goal of
extermination of the Indians was being
achieved. And yet, the Indians remained.

 Even those who voiced "displeasure" with
the atrocities committed against the
Indians, believed that "progress" and white
settlement would inevitably wipe out the
Indians and their way of life. In 1852,
Governor John Bigler wrote:

 I assure you ... that I deplore the unsettled
question of affairs...; but the settlement of
new countries, and the progress of
cvilization have always been attended with
perils.The career of civilization under the
auspices of the American people, has
heretofore been interrupted by no dangers,
and daunted by no perils. Its progress has
been an ovation -- steady, august, and
resistless.

 Indians were seen as impediments to the
flowering of Anglo civilization: Indians occupied
land whites wanted, Indians fished waters that
whites wanted to divert for irrigation, Indians ate
seeds and nuts that whites wanted for their
livestock. Except for the Indians themselves, no
one was willing to recognize that the Indians had a
right to the land and its resources, land they had
occupied for thousands of years. And despite the
horrendous outrages committed against them,
the Indians were not disappearing. So what else
could the whites do to rid themselves of the
"Indian problem?"

Broken Promises: Treaties &
Reservations
 Long before California became a state, the U.S.
Constitution assigned control over Indian affairs
to Congress. In 1793 Congress made invalid any
title to Indian lands not acquired by treaty. And it
was through treaties that the federal government
continued a policy, begun in colonial times, of
removing Indians from the advancingAmerican
frontier, gradually extinguishing Indian title to
lands.The basis of Indian cessions was the
exchange of occupied territory for goods &
services and lands further west. But once
California was part of the U.S., this exchange &
removal policy was bankrupt.

 Within two years of John Marshall's
discovery of gold, troubles between the
Indians and whites had grown so serious
that the federal government sent out from
Washington three Indian commissioners to
negotiate treaties with the California
Indians.

 Between March 1851 and January 1852, the
three commissioners (Redick McKee, Col.
George Barbour, Dr. O.M.Wozencraft)
negotiated with Indians at various ranches
and army posts, mainly in southern and
central California. Meeting with 402 "chiefs"
or "headmen" they negotiated eighteen
treaties.

 NOTE:The native people who signed the
treaties have never been adequately
defined. Some may have been leaders of
small, local groups; others simply lineage
heads; and some even single individuals
representative of no group. BUT MOST
IMPORTANTLY: less than one-third of the
State's native peoples were contacted &
yet the federal government decided these
few could sign away the rights of the many.

 The combined result of the treaties was
that the Indians, in exchange for giving up
their claims to California, would receive
some 7.5 million acres of land (about 8% of
the state) for their sole use, along with
certain quantities of clothing, food,
livestock, farming implements,
&educational services.

 The first two treaties set the pattern for all
that followed:
 Large, defined tracts of land were assigned to
the Indians for their sole occupancy and use
FOREVER.
Teachers, farmers, blacksmiths would be
provided to the Indians
The Indians agreed to recognize the U.S. as
the sole sovereign of all land
The Indians placed themselves under the
protection of the U.S.
The Indians agreed to keep the peace.

 California's legislature objected strongly to
the treaties, opposed U.S. Congressional
confirmation, &pushed for federal removal
of all Indians beyond the limits of the State.
When the treaties reached the U.S. Senate,
the majority report (bowing to pressure
from California's U.S. senators) noted, in
part:

 Quote: a policy ... deeply affecting the present
and future prosperity of the state, they (theTreaty
Commissioners) have undertaken to assign to the
Indian tribes a considerable portion of the richest
of our mineral lands.They have undertaken to
assign a considerable portion of the latter (i.e.,
agricultural lands) to the Indian tribes, wholly
incapable, by habit or taste, of appreciating its
value.To take any ... country ... west of the Sierra
Nevada ... for the home of the wild and generally
hostile Indians (unconscionable).... We claim an
undoubted right ... to remove all Indian tribes
beyind [sic] ... the limits of the state

 The U.S. Senate asked Senator John
Fremont to research the legal status of the
California Indians under the treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo. He reported, in part,

 Quote:The general policy of Spain ... was
recognized by the United States... Indian right of
occupation was respected ... whenever the policy
of Spain differed from that of other European
nations, it was always in favor of the Indians.
Indian rights extended even to alienation under
Spanish laws, a right recognized and confirmed in
the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United
States.... Statements I have given you, Mr.
President, show that ... Spanish law clearly and
absolutely secured to Indians fixed rights of
property in the lands they occupy ... and that
some particular provision will be necessary to
divest them of these rights.

 Despite Fremont's findings and
recommendations, on 7 July 1852 the U.S.
Senate rejected the treaties in a secret vote
and for the next 50 years the documents
remained classified and forgotten by all,
except that the Indians did not forget.

 What is clear is how dishonest the
commissioners were in negotiating the
treaties. They were more concerned with
making treaties with Indians in the gold
country than elsewhere. Of the 52 major "tribal
groups" [non-political ethnic nationalities] in
California at the time of the treaty making,
only about 14 were represented, and these
either by 1 or 2 tribelets out of sometimes
dozens of tribelets per non-political ethnic
nationality.

 After the treaty rejection, the government
realized they needed to do something
about the "Indian problem."The three
commissioners were replaced with a
Superintendent of Indian Affairs and
Congress passed the Indian Appropriation
of 1853.

 The Act authorized five military reservations
to be made from Public Domain lands [the
total land not to exceed 25,000 acres.The land
would not belong to the Indians, but would be
owned by the federal. And despite the federal
government's declaration that residence
would be optional, the U.S. military, assisted
by volunteer companies of citizens, began
rounding up the Indians &keeping them on the
reserves against their wills.

 The system was doomed from the start and the Indians
quickly learned that they were NOT going to get either
the aid or protection promised them.The Indians were
not given the tools or training to become self-sustaining,
they didn't receive medical care, farming supplies, or
much-needed food, and they were not offered legal
advice or protection against white settlers. Furthermore,
fraud and corruption permeated the system. Beef that
was supposed to be delivered to starving Indians was
sold instead to miners.The following gives an indication
of how the system worked [from a Memoradum of
Conversation of Superintendent Beale with Agent O.M.
Wozencraft, 1852]

 Question 1.With whom were your contracts for beef made?
Answer.The first was with Mr. S. Norris.
Question 2. By whome were they issued to the Indians?
Answer. By the traders appointed by myself.
Question 3.What proof had you that they were issued to the Indians?
Answer. No other proof than the word of the traders themselves.
Question 4. How were the weights estimated?
Answer. By asking any persons who might be on the ground to say
what they thought the average weight of the drove to be.
Question 5. Have you any further proof than the mere word of the
traders, that the Indians ever received the beef without paying for it?
Answer. None; I have not any. I generally saw the beef which was
issued during the negotiation of the treaties. It was not weighed.
Question 6. Have you not given drafts on the government for cattle
which are not yet delivered?
Answer.Yes.

 Question 7. Have you not ordered beef to the amount of fifteen
hundred head to be delivered between the Fresno and Four Creeks,
without every having been to the Four Creeks region?
Answer. I have never been to the Four Creeks region, but have
ordered the beef.
Question 8. How many Indians do you suppose the Four Creeks
country to contain?
Answer. I do not know.
Question 9. If you did not know, how could you determine the
amount of cattle necessary for their subsistence?
Answer. From what was promised them by the treaties.
Question 10. How do you know that the Indians of the Four Creeks
ever received any of that beef?
Answer. Nothing further than that I was told so by the traders at the
Fresno. I have no proof ot it.
Question 12. Do you not know that, in some instances, the traders
who issued and the contractors for the supply of the beef were the
same men?
Answer. I do.

 That the Indian agents and traders did very well
for themselves is revealed in the following
statement from Joel H. Brooks who was employed
by J. Savage, "an Indian trader on the Fresno."
Brooks told Beale that Savage received 1,900
head of cattle which the government had bought
and they were to be distributed to the Indians for
their support. However, his instructions from
Savage were that "when I delivered cattle on the
San Joaquin and King's river, and to other more
southern Indians, I was to take receipts for double
the number actually delievered, and to make no
second delivery in case any should return to the
band

 and when to Indians on the Fresno, to deliver one-third less
than were receipted for". I also had orders to sell all beef I
could to miners, which I did to the amount of $120 or $130,
and to deliver cattle to his clerks, to be sold to the Indians on
the San Joaquin, at twenty-five cents per pound [NOTE: the
cattle had already been purchased by the government and
were to be distributed free of charge to the Indians]. In
October I received a written order from Savage to deliver to
Alexander Godey seventy-eight head of cattle, to be driven to
the mines, and there sold to the miners and others. I was also
requested, in the same communication to destroy the order as
soon as read.... In November I received a similar order to
deliver to Godey four hundred and fifty head, which was
done.... I also gave Savage receipts to the number of
seventeen hunred head [of cattle], which I had taken from the
Indains [emphasis added].

 Exacerbating the problem was that the
land set aside for reservations was usually
not on the Indians' homeland.
Furthermore, members of many different
tribes, often hereditary enemies, were
forced to occupy the same reservation.
Generally, the reservations were sited on
land that whites didn't want, with poor soil,
little water, and no game to hunt and no
plants to gather.

 As the anthropologists Alfred Kroeber
noted: "the reservations were founded on
the principle, not of attempting to do
something for the native, but of getting
him out of the whiteman's way as cheaply
and hurriedly as possible." And as a late
20th century observer noted, the
reservations "became a convenient place to
dump Natives when whites ran out of
bullets or the nerve to murder."

 The descendants of the reservation period's native
people tell how their ancestors were rounded up,
sometimes tied together, and herded like cattle into
these concentration camps. Old people, women, children
who couldn't keep up, died on the way. For an excellent
article about one of California's darker and bloodier
historical events, go toThe Dark Legacy of Nome Cult,
by Jeff Elliott of the Albion Monitor. Mr. Elliott discusses
the coming ofWhites to RoundValley, Mendocino
County, California in the 1850s and the subsequent
rounding up of the native peoples and their removal
(referred to as the "Death March" by the descendants of
those Native People involved) to the Nome Cult
reservation.

 By the mid 1860s, fewer than 34,000 Indians
were left in California. Uprooted from their
homelands, neglected by both the State and
Federal governments, plagued by disease and
chronic illness complicated by severe social,
moral, and political disintegration, the Indians
were in a state of both material and
psychological deprivation.

 And yet, many Indians struggled to survive by farming small
subsistence gardens in addition to laboring for whites. Heavy
manual farm labor constituted employment opportunities for
both men and women, although gross fraud in payment of
wasges was rampant. Often Indians were given goods of one
kind or another in lieu of money so as to make the price of a
day's labor less than 10 cents. Other employers paid the
Indians in cheap liquor. And everywhere, the Indians found
themselves evicted from their villages as white settlers
swarmed over the land. Even when Indians were relatively
secure in their possession of land, neighboring whites
confiscated water and imposed outrageous fines for damages
done by Indian livestock.

 Finally, beginning in the 1870s, the federal government, through a
series of executive orders, began to establish some reservation: in
1870 the native people in the southern part of the state were given a
reservation (San Pasqual Pala); in 1877 another reservation was
established in the San JoaquinValley on the waters of theTule River.
Between 1875 and 1877, also throught executive orders, the federal
government established 13 separate reservations in southern
California for the so-called Mission Indians (Ipai-Tipai, Luiseño,
Serrano, Cupeño, Cahuilla). Over the next 3 decades, these southern
California reservations had their sizes adjusted, sometimes parts
were returned to the public domain, sometimes a few acres were
added.

Kill the Indian - Save the
Person: Educating the Native
Californians During the 1870s and 1880s the federal government
became increasingly concerned with providing education
to Indian people throughout the country. Federal policy
favored using education as a means to detribalize the
Indians and integrate them into the nation's economy. In
other words, turn the Indians into whites.Throughout
the last quarter of the nineteenth century, and well into
the twentieth, the federal government set out to
suppress and destroy all vestiges of tribalism and Indian
culture.

 In California, three types of educational
programs were established for the native
people:
 federal government reservation day schools
boarding schools [fashioned after the Carlisle
School in Pennsylvannia, the first federal
boarding school]
nearby public schools that allowed Indians to
attend

 The day schools were primarily established
for the thousands of Mission Indians of
southern California. Unfortunately, such
schools faced many obstacles:

 In drought years, children were removed by
their parents who had to leave the arid
reservations in search of work
Gathering children into small ill-ventilated
rooms resulted in the spread of communicable
diseases
Many parents objected to the schools because
they wanted their children to grow up as
Indians, not whites.

 Furthermore, funding was so meager that only
20 cents a day was allocated for each student's
food, not enough to meet the minimum
protein requirements. In addition, teachers
and students had to perform most of the
maintenance themselves, resulting in a
teacher turnover that approached 50 percent
in some years.

 Elsewhere, the native peoples quickly recognized the schools
for what they really were: institutions whose primary aim was
to destroy Indian culture and values.This was especially
evident at the various borading schools, where the prevailing
sentiment was to make the Indians assimilate into the white
world. Discipline was harsh: children caught speaking their
native languages instead of English were beaten by the
teachers. In addition, the children were exploited by the
practice of schoolmasters leasing out the students as
domestics to which families.

 In time, Indians organized and demanded access
to public schools in their area. In the early 1920s
the state made a feeble attempt at integration by
partitioning classrooms and instructing Indian
children separately. Not happy with this, one
groups of Pom sued the local school board and
won the right for their children to be educated
alongside whites. And finally, in 1935 all
restrictions on Indian enrollment in the state's
public schools were removed.

Forty Seven Cents an Acre:
Buying California
 At the beginning of the twentieth century,
two things still rankled native Californians:
the failure of the U.S. to honor the 18
treaties negotiated in 1852 but never
ratified; and the lack of a land base
sufficient for the survival of Indian as a
people.

 The second problem was inadequately addressed in 1906 when
Congress initiated a series of acts to provide land for homeless
Indians in California. By 1930, 36 reservations had been set aside
scattered throughout 16 northern counties. However, despite the
fact that there were millions of acres of land excellent for agriculture,
grazing, and timber held by the government, very little was made
available to the native people. Most of the reservations were created
from existing home sites while a few quot;rancherias," ranging in
size from less than five acres to a few hundred acres, were set aside,
generally from land undesired by whites. And in southern California,
no lands were set aside for homeless Indians. Instead, the existing
reservations were enlarged and/or their water systems upgraded.

 A critical issue for many California Indians was
how to get the federal government to fulfill
the provisions of the unratified treaties of
1851-1852. In the 1920s, various Indian &non-
Indian activist groups campaigned to sue the
federal government for reimbursement for
lands promised them in the treaties but lost to
white settlement.

 After lengthy litigation, in 1944 the California Indians were
awarded $17.5 million for the originally promised 7.5 million
acres. However, [there always seems to be a however when it
comes to anything the feds "give" to the native peoples] not
all of this money went to the Indians. First, the lawyers had
their fees deducted.Then the federal government deducted all
monies spent on Indians during the last half of the nineteenth
century (remember all those cattle they sent to the Indians -
see above) - some $12 million, leaving scarcely $150 apiece for
the 36,000 native Californians.

 In 1946, under the Indian Claims Act, California's native
peoples brought a second claim for reinbursement asking
for compensation for lands not affected by the 1944
settlement (lands taken on other pretenses than the
treaty lands), the various Mexican land grants, and
reservations originally excluded -- about 65 million acres.
Eighteen years later the Indians were awarded $46
million.When all was said and done, the Indians had lost
AGAIN and the U.S. had "bought" California for 47 cents
an acre.

 We can see that there was nothing "RED"
about Americas Indians,
 so where did those terms
"REDMAN/REDSKIN" come from?

 The Albinos teach that it was Indians who did the SCALPING, but they don't tell you that it
wasTHEM who taught it to the Indians, and the Indians were only returning the FAVOR!
 Scalping had been known in Europe, according to accounts, as far back as ancient Greece.
More often, though, the European manner of execution involved beheading. Enemies
captured in battle - or people accused of political crimes - might have their heads chopped off
by victorious warriors or civil authorities.
 In some places and times in European history, leaders in power offered to pay "bounties" (cash
payments) to put down popular uprisings. In Ireland, for instance, the occupying English once
paid bounties for the heads of their enemies brought to them.
 Europeans brought this cruel custom of paying for killings to the American frontier. Here they
were willing to pay for just the scalp, instead of the whole head.The first documented
instance in the American colonies of paying bounties for native scalps is credited to Governor
Kieft of New Netherlands.

 y 1703, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was
offering $60 for each native scalp. And in 1756,
Pennsylvania Governor Morris, in his Declaration
ofWar against the Lenni Lenape (Delaware)
people, offered "130 Pieces of Eight [a type of
coin], for the Scalp of Every Male Indian > Enemy,
above the Age of >TwelveYears, " and "50 Pieces
of Eight for the Scalp of Every IndianWoman,
produced as evidence of their being killed."

 Massachusetts by that time was offering a
bounty of 40 pounds (again, a unit of
currency) for a male Indian scalp, and 20
pounds for scalps of females or of children
under 12 years old.
Albinos tell of the "BloodThirsty" Indians,
but in fact, it was the "BloodThirsty"
Albinos!

 BOSCAWEN, N.H. Monument depicting Colonial
heroine Hannah Dustin, In her left hand she holds
a fistful of human scalps.
 The inscription underneath tells of her 1697
capture in an Indian raid, and how she slew her
captors as they slept -12 women and children.
Later she returned for their scalps, having
remembered they could fetch a bounty. (There are
many statues of Dustin, this is the only one
showing the scalps.The others are typical Albino
lie statues).

 istorian Professor Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
states that the American settlers were paid
bounties for killing Indians,
 and they gave a name to the mutilated and
bloody corpses they left in the wake of their
scalp hunts: REDSKINS!

 As can clearly be seen, original Apaches
were not just "Black" skinned,
 they were the darkest "Blue Black". Clearly
then, the Apaches presented to us by
Albinos,
 like Geronimo and Cochise, were in fact
Mulattoes

 And with each successive generation, less and
less of Americas Indians remain, replaced by
their Albino ringers. Fake Albino Indians have
become so bold as to declare that Blacks were
NOT Indians, and to make themselves
arbitrators of "Who is an Indian" by virtue of
Albino created Blood quantum laws.

 Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws, is legislation
enacted in the United States to define membership in Native
American tribes or nations. "Blood quantum" refers to
describing the degree of ancestry for an individual of a specific
racial or ethnic group, for instance: 1/2 by the Mississippi Band
of Choctaw Indians (equivalent to one parent), 1/4 by the Hopi
Tribe of Arizona (equivalent to one grandparent), 1/8 by the
ApacheTribe of Oklahoma (equivalent to one great-
grandparent), 1/16 by the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians,
North Carolina (equivalent to one great-great-grandparent),
1/32 by the Kaw Nation (equivalent to one great-great-great-
grandparent).

 In 2007, the United States Government
under President George Bush jr. voted in
the United Nations to allow the Genocide
and Murder of Indigenous Peoples.

 The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(UNDRIP), says in part:
 Article 7
1. Indigenous individuals have the rights to life, physical and mental
integrity, liberty and security of person.
2. Indigenous peoples have the collective right to live in freedom, peace and
security as distinct peoples and shall not be subjected to any act of genocide
or any other act of violence, including forcibly removing children of the group
to another group.
 The declaration was adopted by the General Assembly onThursday, 13
September 2007, by a majority of 144 states in favor, with 4 votes against:
those against were Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States:
all of which had institutionally committed those very crimes against
Indigenous Peoples since the arrival of the Albino people.

 Upon taking power, President Barack Obama
reversed the U.S. vote.


 As previously stated, exterminating Blacks is a
World Wide Albino effort.
 In China, Japan, Korea, andTaiwan, the Black
Mongol has been replaced by Albinos and their
Mulattoes

 The corollary to the proofs and exhibits on this site is that the White
man’s division of the world’s people into the three Human races
(Black, White and Mongol) is false and self-serving. Whites and
Mongols are NOT Races! i.e.When a group member of a species with
a great variety of physical attributes - such as Black Humans, who
exhibit ALL Human attributes: Black skin,White skin (Albinos),
Broad noses, Narrow noses, Full lips,Thin lips, Wooly hair, Straight
hair, Hair of all colors, Hair of all textures, Very tall people,Very short
people, People with Mongol features, etc. When a group breaks
away, and forms a "Supergroup" of ONLY those with a "Single"
particular distinct attribute, and through some type of isolation -
forced or otherwise, breed exclusively among themselves, thus
producing offspring with only that one attribute. They create a Sub-
species containing ONLY that attribute!

 So when isolate members of a species ALL share a common
trait, such as (White Skin - Albinism).They do not form a
"New" Race, they form a SUB-SPECIES.Thus Whites are NOT
a RACE, they are a SUB-SPECIES!
So when isolate members of a species ALL share a common
trait, such as (Mongol features).They form a SUB-SPECIES.
Thus Mongol is NOT a RACE, it is a SUB-SPECIES!
So when isolate members of a species ALL share a common
trait, such as (extreme small stature - Pygmy).They form a
SUB-SPECIES.Thus the Pygmy is NOT a RACE, it is a SUB-
SPECIES!

 Therefore, there is only ONE RACE - the "All
Encompassing" Black skinned Human race: all
others are Sub-species.
 Cheikh Anta Diop put it this way:
From - Racial Classification - Quote: Despite
the fact that the white race and the yellow
race are derivatives of the black, which itself,
was the first to exist as a human race.

Genocide of the california indians

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