What is Planning? The process of.. Setting goals Developing strategies and Outlining tasks and schedules to accomplish the goals. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do and who is to do it.

1. HEALTH PLANNING
By: Dr. Sonam Aggarwal

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Development planning
• National Health Planning
• Health needs, demands, resources
• Elements of a plan
• Planning Cycle
• Difference between strategic planning and implementation planning.
• Bibliography

3. Planning is for tomorrow, Management is
for today.
What is Planning?
• The process of..
Setting goals
Developing strategies and
Outlining tasks and schedules to
accomplish the goals.
• Planning is deciding in advance
what to do, how to do, when to do
and who is to do it.

4. • Bridges the gap between where we are to where we want to go.
• It makes possible things to occur which would not otherwise occur.
• Purpose of planning are:
Match the limited resources with problems.
Eliminate wasteful expenditure or its duplication.
Develop best course of action to achieve the objectives.

5. • Planning in the broadest sense
includes three steps:
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation

6. National Development Planning
• The purpose of National Development Planning is to achieve a rapid,
balanced, economic and social development of the country as a whole.
• Health planning is a part of National Development Planning and it is
required for the economic utilization of…
Material
Manpower
Financial resources for improving the health sciences.

7. National Health Planning
• The orderly process of –
Defining community health problems
Identifying unmet needs
Surveying the resources to meet them
Establishing priority goals that are realistic and feasible
Projecting administrative action to accomplish the purpose of the
proposed programme.

8. Health Needs and Demands
Health needs:
• Deficiencies in health that call for
preventive, curative, control or
eradication measures.
• Some needs are well perceived by the
community, some are vaguely
perceived while some needs are
perceived by the policy makers and not
by the community

9. Resources
• Manpower
• Money
• Materials
• Skills
• Knowledge and techniques
• Time needed or available for the performance or support of
action directed towards specified objectives.

10. Planning
Objective:
• Precise point to be achieved following the implementation of a
development proposal/plan.
• May or may not be achieved.
• The end-point of all activities.
• Long term objectives
• Short term objectives (target)

11. For example: Objectives of NACP IV-
• Reduce new infections by 50% (2007 Baseline of NACP III)
• Comprehensive care, support and treatment to all persons living with
HIV/AIDS

12. Target:
• An indicator established to determine how
successfully you are achieving an objective.
• Objectives are concerned with the problems directly
while the target is concerned with the factors influencing
the problem.

13. Source: http://naco.gov.in/nacp-iv-targets

14. Goal:
The ultimate desired state towards which objectives and resources are
directed. It may be described in terms of-
What is to be attained ?
The extent to which it is to attain
The population or section of environment involved
The geographic area in which the proposed programme will operate;
and
The proposed length of time required.
Unlike objectives and targets it has no time constraints, resource
limitation or necessarily attainable.

16. Elements of a plan
• Plan: blue print for taking action.
• It has 5 elements:
Objectives
Policies
Programmes
Schedules
Budget

17. Policies:
• Set of guiding principles for carrying out a work and not rigid
commandments.
Programme:
• A sequence of activities designed to implement policies and
accomplish objectives.
• Step by step approach to guide the action necessary to reach a
predetermined goal.
• It requires close integration with the objectives.

18.  Procedures: The set of rules for carrying out work which when
observed by all will help ensure maximum utilization of resources
and efforts.
• Schedule: The time sequence for the work to be done.

19. Schedule… (Gantt Chart)
• Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the duration of tasks against the
progression of time.
• Allows to assess how long a project should take.
• A bar chart that shows the tasks of a project, when each must take place and how
long each will take.
• As the project progresses, bars are shaded to show which tasks have been
completed. People assigned to each task also can be represented.
• Gantt charts monitor progress. It can immediately see what should have been
achieved at a point in time.
• Allows to see how remedial action may bring the project back on course.

21. Source: Kumar R et al. Challenges in conducting a community-based influenza vaccine trial in a rural
community in northern India. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 14. 1-19. 10.1080/21645515.2018.

22. When to use Gantt Chart??
• When scheduling and monitoring tasks within a project.
• When communicating plans or status of a project.
• When the steps of the project or process, their sequence and their
duration are known.
• When its not necessary to show which tasks depend on completion
of previous tasks.

23. PRE-PLANNING
• It is the preparation of planning with the pre-conditions of :
Government interest: strong “political will”.
Administrative capacity for proper coordination of activities and
implementation of plans.
Legislation: policies translated to legislation.
Organization for planning.
Example: Planning Commission, NITI aayog.

25. Planning Cycle
1. Analysis of the health situation
a) Population statistics
b) Statistics of morbidity and mortality
c) Manpower
d) Existing medical care facilities
e) Geographical distribution and epidemiology
f) Training facilities available
g) Attitudes and beliefs.

26. 2. Establishment of objective and goals
a). Should be established at all levels
b). It should be set by a person having authority
c). The goal should be realistic
d). It should be specific
e). Acceptable
f). Easily measurable.

27. 3. Assessment of Resources
a). Manpower
b). Money
c). Materials
d). Skills and knowledge
e). Technical skills
A balance should be struck between requirements and
availability.

28. 4. Fixing priorities
• What determines priorities?
• Alternate plans developed.
5. Write formulated plans
a). Must be complete in all respect to execute the project
b). Detailed detecting input and output
c). Contained working guidance for execution
d). Evaluation should be built in

29. 6. Programming and implementation
a). Assign and fix responsibilities
b). Define roles and tasks
c). Selection, training, motivation and supervision
d). Organization and communication
e). Efficiency of health institutions.

30. 7. Monitoring
 Continuous process of observing, recording and reporting on the
activities of the organization or project.
8. Evaluation
 Measures the degree to which objectives and targets are fulfilled and
the quality of results obtained.

31. • Replanning
• Difference between strategic planning and implementation
planning.
• Strategic planning: at top most level.
• Implementation planning: at mid level or lower level.

32. Difference between planned and unplanned actions

33. Bibliography:
• Park K. Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine. 25th ed,
India: Bhanot Publishers; 2019.
• Kadri A. IAPSM’s textbook of community medicine. 1st ed, India:
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2019.
• Sathe P. Epidemiology and management for health care. 5th ed, India:
Vora Medical Publications; 2018.
• Gupta J. Contemporary public health. 1st ed, India: Apothecaries
foundation; 2005.

34. Thank you…