Science Technology And Society

1. Chapter 1:
Defining Science,
Technology, and Society
Prepared by HM

2. At the end of this presentation, you should
be able to:
⮚ define science, technology, and society;
⮚ compare science and technology; and
⮚ identify and enumerate the different roles
of science and technology.

3. WHAT IS SCIENCE?
• A way to understand nature
• Discovering new things
• Learning new facts
• Solving problems
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi
=2&ved=0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#
tbm=isch&q=science+cartoon+images&imgrc=pl2P7ZVhw71-bM:

4. Science is the intellectual and practical activity
encompassing the systematic study of the structure
and behavior of the physical and natural world
through observation and experiment
- Oxford dictionary

5. WHAT ISTECHNOLOGY?
• A way to manage and
modify the natural world.
• Creating or inventing
things
• Things that fulfill our
needs and desires or
perform certain functions
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=
2&ved=0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tb
m=isch&q=technology&imgrc=62wfRSqF1RgKtM:

6. Technology is the
application of
understanding of
natural laws to the
solution of practical
problems

7. HOW ARE SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY RELATED?

8. SIX (6)WAYSTHAT SCIENCE
CONTRIBUTESTOTECHNOLOGY*
1. Science can be a direct source of new technological
ideas. For instance, the following scientific discoveries led
to new technologies:
*Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-
Discovery in Science New Technology
Uranium fission Nuclear power, Atomic bomb
X-rays X-ray machine
Semiconductors Transistors

9. SIX (6)WAYSTHAT SCIENCE
CONTRIBUTESTOTECHNOLOGY*
2. Science can be a source of engineering design tools and
techniques.Theoretical prediction, modeling, and
simulation of large systems are carried out as basic
scientific research to aid in the empirical testing of a
particular technology.The results gathered in these tests
are then employed to enhance design and/or improve the
techniques involved.
*Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-

10. SCIENCE CONTRIBUTESTO
TECHNOLOGY IN AT LEAST 6WAYS:
3. Instrumentation, laboratory techniques, and analytical
methods used in basic research can eventually find their way
into design and industrial practices. For example,
superconducting magnets were originally developed for cloud
chamber observations in particle physics. Then, scientists
realized that the instrumentation and techniques they are
using can be used and commercialized for magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) in medicine.
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.

11. SCIENCE CONTRIBUTESTO
TECHNOLOGY IN AT LEAST 6WAYS:
4. Development of human skills can eventually become
useful for advancing technology. Accordingly, academic
research imparts research skills to graduate students and
other advanced trainees, which they can take with them to
tackle technological problems that they may face later. For
instance, nuclear physicists were able to develop and
improve solid state devices even if it was not their field of
expertise.
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.

12. SCIENCE CONTRIBUTESTO
TECHNOLOGY IN AT LEAST 6WAYS:
5. Creation of a knowledge base that becomes increasingly
important in the assessment of technology in terms of its
wider social and environmental impacts. For example, the
manufacture of a new chemical may involve disposal of
wastes which require knowledge of the groundwater
hydrology of the manufacturing site.
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.

13. SCIENCE CONTRIBUTESTO
TECHNOLOGY IN AT LEAST 6WAYS:
6. Science can be a source of development strategy to refine
new technologies. Accordingly, the planning of the most
efficient strategy of technological development is often quite
dependent on science from many fields. This accumulated
stock of existing scientific knowledge helps to avoid wasteful
development expenditures.
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.

14. TWO (2)WAYSTHATTECHNOLOGY
CONTRIBUTESTO SCIENCE
1.Technology can be a source of new scientific knowledge.
Problems arising in industrial development are frequently a
rich source of challenging basic science problems. For
instance, due to technological advancement in semiconductor
devices, a new interdisciplinary field of academic research
called materials science was created.
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.

15. TWO (2)WAYSTHATTECHNOLOGY
CONTRIBUTESTO SCIENCE
2.Technology can be a source of otherwise unavailable
instrumentation and techniques needed to address novel
and more difficult scientific questions more efficiently. A
very good example of this is the development of space
technology, which revolutionized the sciences of cosmology
and astrophysics.
Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.

16. WHAT IS SOCIETY?
✔A group of individuals involved in continual social
interactions
✔Shares a common language, culture, and geographical
territory
✔Members of a society live together for mutual benefit
✔The patterns of behavior and action of the members are
based on the society’s identity and culture

17. WHAT IS STS?
✔Study of how society influences the development of science and
technology, and how scientific research and technological
innovation affect society.
✔Deals with how science and technology shape and are shaped
by cultural, economic, political, and social contexts.

18. ROLES OF S&T?
✔S&T change the way people live, communicate, and
transact;
✔S&T are key drivers to development because scientific and
technological revolutions strengthen economic advances,
improvements in health, education, and infrastructure;
✔S&T have the ability to improve the lives of poor people in
developing countries through breakthroughs in health
services and education; and
✔S&T are engine of growth and provide solutions to many
problems such as in health aspects, availability of healthy
food and safe drinking water, and infrastructure.

19. REFERENCES
Bridgstack, M. & Burch, D. (2003). Science,Technology and
Society: An Introduction. UK: CambridgeUniversity Press.
Brooks, H. (1994).The relationship between science and
technology. Research Policy 23 (5) 477-486.
Chetty, L. (2012).The Role of Science andTechnology in the
Developing World in the 21st Century. EthicalTechnology.