4. Historical Development of the Solar System
Model
Geocentric model:-
Geo = earth, centric = centre
Derived by Claudius Ptolemy (90 – 168 A.D.) – Greek
astronomer, astrologer, & geographer
The Earth is at the centre of the Solar System
The Earth is stationary, & all other objects (the Sun & other
planets) revolve around the Earth in circular orbits
5. Historical Development of the Solar System
Model
Heliocentric model:-
Helio = sun, centric = centre
Derived by Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543) – Polish astronomer, mathematician,
economist, & doctor
The Sun is at the centre of the Solar System
The Sun is stationary, & all other objects (the planets) revolve around the Sun in
circular orbits
Stars are arranged in fixed positions in an orbit around all the planets & the Sun
6. Historical Development of the Solar System
Model
Modified heliocentric model (in accordance to Kepler’s Law):-
Derived by Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630) – German astronomer,
mathematician, & astrologer
The Sun is at one of two common focal points in the elliptical orbits of
the planets
The Sun is at the centre of the Solar System
The Sun is stationary, & all other objects (the planets) revolve around
the Sun in elliptical orbits
8. Learning Outcome
Communicate about the importance of the
development of technology and its application
in space exploration.
Justify the exploration need to continue
space.
10. Development in Space Exploration
11th century
Chinese invented gunpowder
& used primitive rockets in
battle
1609
1st telescope used in
the field of astronomy
by Galileo Galilei
1957
1st satellite –
USSR Sputnik 1
1961
1st human to orbit Earth
– Yuri Gagarin (aboard
USSR Vostok 1)
1969
1st human set foot on the
Moon – Neil Armstrong (US
Apollo11)
1973
1st Jupiter flyby –
US Pioneer 10
1981
1st flight of US space
shuttle – Columbia
1989
1st Neptune flyby –
US Voyager 2
1990
US launched Hubble Space
Telescope from space
shuttle Discovery
1996
Malaysian satellite,
MEASAT 1 & 2 launched
2000
Malaysia’s 1st microsatellite,
TiungSAT-1 launched
2002
National Space Agency
(Agensi Angkasa Negara)
established
2011
Construction of
International Space Station
(ISS) completed
13. Space Telescope
The astronomical sextant – to
measure the altitudes of stars
Galileo’s Telescope became the
most widely used astronomical
instrument
Hubble Space Telescope was
placed in an orbit 500 km from
the surface of Earth
The Spitzer space telescope
detects very distant activities in
space
Apart from optical telescopes,
radio telescopes are also used to
detect radio waves from space.
14. Rocket
Used widely in space explorations to send
satellites, space probe & spaceships to outer
space
When the fuel burns, hot gases are released
at high speed through the bottom of the
rocket
The release of the hot gases produces a force
that push the rocket upwards
15. Satellite
An object which revolves around another object
Moon is natural satellite that revolves around the
Earth
Sputnik 1 is the 1st artificial satellite to revolve
around the Earth
Launched on 4th October 1957
Orbited for 3 weeks – died battery, orbited silently
Fell back into atmosphere on 4th January 1958
16. Space Probe
A spacecraft that gathers information & sends it
back to earth
Do not orbit Earth but travel further into & out of
the Solar System
Carry cameras & remote sensing instruments as
well as radio transmitter & receivers –
communicating with scientist on Earth
Example: Cassini – orbited on Saturn
17. Remote Sensing
A method of gathering & recording information from a
distance
In Malaysia:-
The instruments are fitted to TiungSAT-1, to receive or detect
visible, ultraviolet, & infrared light produced by objects on the
surface or below the surface of Earth
The information gathered sent to 2 data receiving stations at
National Planetarium Station & the Mission Control Station
(MCGS)
18. Remote Sensing
The uses of remote sensing technology in:-
Agriculture:- to detect suitable regions for agricultural
development
Geology:- to detect locations such as mineral sources,
mass depletion, & land depletion
Disaster management:- to identify pollution & forest
fires
Defence:- to detect intrusions of enemy ships, aircraft,
& vehicles
End of Slide