This document summarizes the properties and performance of a new hydrocracked very high viscosity index (VHVI) basestock called Yubase, compared to other basestocks. Yubase has properties including a viscosity index of 123, low pour point of -12°C, and low noack volatility of 7.2% that make it suitable for high performance engine oils. Test results showed engine oils made with 100% Yubase provided better oxidation stability, low temperature viscosity, shear stability, and friction properties than conventional basestocks. Yubase is a promising new VHVI basestock for meeting the stringent requirements of modern lubricants.

1. A NEW HYDROCRACKED VHVI BASESTOCK
FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE LUBRICANTS
YUBASE
50th STLE Annual Meetingg
May 17, 1995
(Updated 1996.11. 19)
Soo Kuhk Hahn
Lubricants Technology Lab
Yukong Limited
유 공유 공

2. P ti f B t kP ti f B t kProperties of BasestocksProperties of Basestocks
S ifi G it 0 844 0 827 0 869 0 86
Properties Yubase 6 PAO 6 SR 150N HT 150N
Specific Gravity
Viscosity @ 100
Viscosity Index
0.844
6.0
123
0.827
5.9
135
0.869
5.2
97
0.86
5.1
99
CCS @ -20 , cP
@ -25 , cP
Flash Point,
1550
2600
226
800
1300
234
2100
3800
222
2000
3600
212
Pour Point,
Noack Volatility, wt%
Surfur, wt%
-12
7.2
0.00
-57
7.5
0.00
-12
17
0.58
-15
16.6
0.03Surfur, wt%
Aromatics, vol%(HPLC)
Aniline Point,
0.00
0.6
121
0.00
0
129
0.58
27.7
104
0.03
3.5
111
유 공

3. M j T dM j T dMajor TrendsMajor Trends
Energy Conserving
Fuel Economy
Thermal Stability
y
Long Drain Interval
Volatility
Oil Consumption
Reduced Volatility
Low Temp Viscometrics
NEW HIGH
QUALITY
BASESTOCK
Oil Consumption
Equipment Severity
- High Efficiency
- More Compact Design
Low Temp. Viscometrics
High Temp.Film Form
C bilit
BASESTOCK
- More Compact Design Capability
Environment
Energy Productivity
유 공

4. Major TrendsMajor TrendsMajor TrendsMajor Trends
Energy Conserving CAFE SAE 5W/30
SAE 0W/30
Volatility ILSAC
SAE 0W/30
NOACKVolatility
L T Vi t i
ILSAC
ACEA
MB 228 5
NOACK
SAE 10W40Low Temp. Viscometrics MB 228.5
DEXRON IV
SAE 10W40
SAE 5W40
BrookfieldDEXRON IV
FORD BIW
Brookfield
High Temp. Oil Film HTHS
유 공

5. VHVI BASE OIL PRODUCTIONVHVI BASE OIL PRODUCTIONVHVI BASE OIL PRODUCTIONVHVI BASE OIL PRODUCTION
COMPANY
------------------------
BP
LOCATION
------------------------
Lavera / Dunkirk
CAPA, 1000t
--------------------
75 / 1400 BD
S / U
--------
GRADE
------------
4 / 6
VI
-----
127BP
UNION -FUCHS
Lavera / Dunkirk
Wesseling / Hamburg
75 / 1400 BD
15 / 200 BD 1986
4 / 6
5.7
127
126
HYDRIERWERK
REPSOL
Zeitz, Germany
Tarragona, Spain
/ 2000 ?
55 / 1100 BD
ENERGOINVEST
TOTAL
Bosanski Brod
Gonfreville, France
50 / 700 BD
30 / 1994
3.7 / 4.2
5(?)
ESSO
SHELL
Fawley, England
Petit Couronne France
400 BD
700 BD
1991
1972
5.8
4 / 5 / 8
142
140SHELL
NESTE
Petit Couronne, France
Porvoo, Finland
700 BD
50
1972
1997
4 / 5 / 8 140
유 공

6. VHVI BASE OIL PRODUCTIONVHVI BASE OIL PRODUCTION
COMPANY
------------------------
LOCATION
------------------------
CAPA, 1000t
--------------------
S / U
--------
GRADE
------------
V I
-----
SHELL
SHOWA SHELL
Geelong, Australia
Yukkaichi Japan
400 BD
25 / 4000 1993 4 / 5SHOWA-SHELL
NIPPON OIL
Yukkaichi, Japan
Yokohama, Japan
25 / 4000
30 / 517 BD
1993
1989
4 / 5
4.2 123
JEC
MITSUBISHI
Mizushima, Japan
Mizushima, Japan
10 / 1000
30
1993
1993?
4.3
4 / 6.8
145
140
CHEVRON
YUKONG
Richimond, USA
Ulsan, Korea
?
3240 BD
1997
1995 4 / 6 125
Petro-Canada Mississauga 6500 BD 1996 4/10 115/130
유 공

7. VHVI BASESTOCKVHVI BASESTOCK
• NIPPON OIL
• SHELL
VHDC
XHVI• SHELL
• BP
FUCHS
XHVI
HC
MC• FUCHS
• JOMO
MC
VHVI
• ESSO
• MITSUBISHI
EXXSYN
SHVIMITSUBISHI
• YUKONG
• TOTAL
SHVI
YUBASE
NHC• TOTAL
• P-Canada
NHC
VHVI Syn 유 공

8. ENGINE OIL PRODUCTENGINE OIL PRODUCTENGINE OIL PRODUCTENGINE OIL PRODUCT
Level API CCMC M B MAN VDSV W SAE %Level
---------
XHPD
API
------
CF / SF
CCMC
----------
D5
M B
---------
228.3
MAN
---------
QC
VDS
---------
VDS
V W
---------
505
SAE
---------
7.5W/40
%
-----
100
SHPD
UHPD
CE / SG
CF 4/PC6
228.1
228 3 QC
VDS505 10W/40
10W/40
90
12 5UHPD CF-4/PC6
CF-4/PC6 D5
228.3
228.5
QC
QC VDS
10W/40
15W/40
10W/40
12.5
20
XHPD
PCDO CE/SH
D5
G5/PD2
228.5
228.1
QC
505
10W/40
10W/40
70
25
SHPD
HDO *
CE/SG
CG-4
D5/G5/PD2 228.3 505 10W/40
10W/40
N.A
100
유 공

9. ENGINE OIL FORMULATION
Level
---------
API
-----
CCMC
----------
M B
------
V W
------
SAE
---------
%
-----
PCMO
PCDO SG/CD G5/PD2 505
5W/50
10W/40
60
30
PCMO SH/CD
SH/EC
5W/30
10W/40
100
42
PCDO CE/SH G5/PD2 228.1 505 10W/40 25
SH/CD
SH
G5/PD2
JASO
505 10W/40
5W/30
40
50
*
SH/CD
SJ/GF-2
5W/40
5W/30
100
100
*
SJ/GF-2
SJ/CD A3/B2 505
5W/30
10W/40
100
18
유 공

10. LUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKSLUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKS
PRODUCT
-----------
NOC
------------
SHELL
-----------
FUCHS
--------------
TURBINE OIL
HYDRAULIC OIL HYDRANDO WIDE *
TURBO TX
TURBO GT
TELLUS R RENOLINHYDRAULIC OIL
COMPRESSOR OIL
HYDRANDO-WIDE
HYDRANDO-WIDE K
TELLUS R
CORENA RS
CORENA P
RENOLIN
MR-MC
VACUUM PUMP
SLIDE WAY OIL
CORENA P
HI-VAC X
TONA TSLIDE WAY OIL
QUENCHING OIL UNIQUENCH CQV
TONA T
* Energy conserving
유 공

11. LUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKSLUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKSLUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKSLUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKS
PRODUCT
--------------------
NOC
------------------------
FUCHS
----------------------------
BP
------------------------
GEAR OIL RENOGEAR SUPER
RENEP SUPER
RENOGEAR VW
HYPOGEAR EP
ENERGEAR FE
A T F
UTF / STOU
PAN ATF-
AMENITY
RENOGEAR HYDRA
AUTRAN MBX
UTF / STOU
MARINE OIL MDL STA-MULTI
RENOGEAR HYDRA
TITAN HYDRAMOT
유 공

12. LUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKSLUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKSLUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKSLUBES USING VHVI BASESTOCKS
PRODUCT GASOLINE OIL DIESEL OIL
NOC PAN-SRX
PAN-WINTRON
PAN-SUPER SH
SUPER DIESEL
CONVOY
PAN DIESEL RV
SHELL
PAN-XX
TMO ULTRA
FORMULA X
MYRINA TX
MYRINA X
BP
FORMULA X
QUADRO TX
HELIX
VISCO 5000
MYRINA X
VANELLUS FEBP VISCO 5000
VISCO 2000 PLUS
VISCO PILOTE 5000
BP STRATO
VANELLUS FE
VANELLUS HT
FUCHS
JOMO
TITAN CARAT MC
GEOMA
TITAN UNIC MC
TITAN CFE MC
YUKONG ZIC A ZIC 5000
유 공

13. BASE STOCK CATEGORIESBASE STOCK CATEGORIESBASE STOCK CATEGORIESBASE STOCK CATEGORIES
SAT SULFUR % VI
GROUP I
GROUP II
SAT.
< 90
≥ 90
SULFUR,%
> 0.03
≤ 0 03
VI
≥ 80
≥ 80GROUP II
GROUP III
≥ 90
OTHERS
≤ 0.03 ≥ 80
GROUP I
GROUP II
< 90
≥ 90
> 0.03
≤ 0.03
80≤VI < 120
80≤VI < 120
GROUP III
GROUP IV
≥ 90
PAO
≤ 0.03 VI ≥ 120
GROUP V OTHERS
유 공

14. NOACK VOLATILITYNOACK VOLATILITY
ILSAC GF-1 GF-2
5W/30 25 % 22 %
10W/30 20 % 20 %
15W/40 18 %15W/40 18 %
CCMC G-4 G-5CCMC G-4 G-5
10W/X 15 %
15W/X 13 % 13 %
20W/X 13 %
유 공

15. Volatility ImprovementVolatility ImprovementVolatility ImprovementVolatility Improvement
(Noack JPI)( )
26 22.5
HT SR
24
25
26
%
PAO
22
22.5
%
YUBASE
22
23
24
Noack,%
YUBASE 21
21.5
Noack,%
YUBASE
20
21
22
N
YUBASE
20
20.5
N
PAO
20
0 10 20
UCBO Dosage
20
0 10 20
UCBO DosageUCBO Dosage UCBO Dosage
Make up : DI + VII + Base Oil 유 공

16. PCMOPCMO
• API SH, ILSAC GF-1
• SAE 5W/30• SAE 5W/30
• EC-II +
유 공

17. Evaporation LossEvaporation Loss
(Noack Volatility)( y)
%
18.3
14.9
14
16
18
20
8.5
6
8
10
12
14
0
2
4
6
Yubase 100%
5W/30
CON 100%
5W/30
CON+Yubase
5W/30
유 공

18. PCMOPCMOPCMOPCMO
Oxidation Stability
79.5 79
81.884
40,h℃
250
300
350
,%
LIMIT
74
79
sInc.@4
150
200
250
c.@40℃
69
375%Vis
55
50
100
150
VisInc64
3
10W30 10W30 5W30
SR 1 SR 2 Yubase
4
0
50
VHVI Yubase
SR 1 SR 2 Yubase
유 공

19. Scanning BrookfieldScanning Brookfield
45000
50000
Y base 100% 5W/30
cP
30000
35000
40000
45000 Yubase 100% 5W/30
CON 100% 5W/30
CON+Yubase 5W/30
15000
20000
25000
30000
0
5000
10000
15000
0
-40-35-30-25-20-15-10
Temperature,℃
유 공

20. Shear StabilitShear StabilitShear StabilityShear Stability
(Bosch Injector)( j )
%
6 4
8.5 8.1
8
10
%
6.4
4
6
8
0
2
4
0
Yubase 100%
5W/30
CON 100%
5W/30
CON+Yubase
5W/30
유 공

21. Friction PropertyFriction PropertyFriction PropertyFriction Property
(SRV)( )
0.15
0.14
fficient
0.13
ionCoef
0 11
0.12
Firct
0.11
30 80 130 180
Temp,℃
Yubase100% 5W/30 CON 100% 5W/30 CON+Yubase 5W/30
유 공

22. PROPERTIES OF HDDOPROPERTIES OF HDDO
(API CG-4/SH)
Viscosity Grade 15W40 10W40
Lubricants Oil A Oil B Specification
Viscosity Grade
Base Oil
Viscosity cSt
15W40
CON 100%
10W40
VHVI 100%
Viscosity ,cSt
@ 100
V I
14.9
139
14.2
153
12.5 - 16.3
-
HTHS, cP @150
C C S cP @ 20
4.1 4.1
3280
MIN 3.7(15W)
MIN 2.9(10W)
MAX 3500(10W)C.C.S.,cP @ -20
@ -15
Pour Point,
-
3250
-30
3280
-
-30
MAX 3500(10W)
MAX 3500(15W)
MAX -23
Sulfated Ash,% 0.8
유 공

23. RESULT OF ENGINERESULT OF ENGINE
PERFORMANCE TESTPERFORMANCE TESTPERFORMANCE TESTPERFORMANCE TEST
ENGINE TESTS Li itENGINE TESTS
(API Engine Oil
CG-4/SH Spec)
Limits
CG-4 SH
OIL A
(15W40)
OIL B
(10W40)
64 64.0
8 9
70.3
9 45
80.4
9 44
Sequence IIIE
- Hrs. to 375 % Vis.Incr.
Pi t Ski t V i h 8.9
30.0
5 1
9.45
19.4
2 35
9.44
11.1
1 4
- Piston Skirt Varnish
- Cam + Lifter Wear, ㎛
Average
Oil Consumption ℓ 5.1
9 0
2.35
9 41
1.4
9 51
- Oil Consumption, ℓ
Sequence VE
Average Sludge 9.0
5.0
6.5
5 0
9.41
7.12
6.86
1 57
9.51
7.23
6.96
1 16
- Average Sludge
- Average Varnish
- Piston Skirt Varnish
- Cam Wear mils 5.0 1.57 1.16- Cam Wear, mils
average
유 공

24. RESULT OF ENGINERESULT OF ENGINE
PERFORMANCE TESTPERFORMANCE TEST
ENGINE TESTS LIMITS Oil A Oil BENGINE TESTS
(API Engine Oil
CG-4/SH Spec)
LIMITS Oil A
(15W/40)
Oil B
(10W/40)CG-4 SH
GM 6.2L Wear
- Average Wear, mils 0.45 0.16 0.17
CRC L-38
BWL- BWL ,mg
- Minimum Vis., cSt
43.7
13.0
40 21.0
13.7
27.7
13.8
Sequence IID
- Average Rust Merit
8.5 8.74 8 798.5 8.74 8.79
유 공

25. RESULT OF ENGINERESULT OF ENGINERESULT OF ENGINERESULT OF ENGINE
PERFORMANCE TESTPERFORMANCE TEST
ENGINE TESTS
(API Engine Oil
CG-4/SH Spec)
Limits
CG-4
OIL A
15W40
OIL B
10W40
HT-1 HT-2
p )
190.0
Caterpillar 1N
- WDN 183.7 360 202.2286.2
10
0
0.2
- TGF, %
- Top land heavy carbon
- BSOC, g/Kw-h
7
0
0.12
13
0
0.25
12
0
0.51
20
3
0.5
4.78
Mack T-8
- Vis. Increase @ 3.8 % 3.5811.5
9
0 17
TGA Soot, cSt
- Filter Pressure drop
@ End of Test, psi(kPa)
BSOC /KW h
6.220
0.17- BSOC, g/KW-h
유 공

26. D it / Sl d C t lD it / Sl d C t lDeposit / Sludge ControlDeposit / Sludge Control
20 360400
Limit 20
10
13
12
12
14
16
18
20 360
202250
300
350
400
Limit 286.2
10
7
4
6
8
10
12 190 183.7 202
100
150
200
250
0
2
4
CON VHVI HT-1 HT-2
0
50
100
CON VHVI HT-1 HT-2CON
15W40
VHVI
10W40
HT 1 HT 2
Cat 1N
TGF
CON
15W40
VHVI
10W40
HT 1 HT 2
Cat 1N
WDNTGF WDN
유 공

27. Oil C tiOil C tiOil ConsumptionOil Consumption
0 51
0.6 5 Limit 5.1
0.51
0.4
0.5
2.353
4
Limit 0.5
0.2
0 12
0.25
0.2
0.3
2.35
1.4
1
2
0.12
0
0.1 0
CON
15W/4
VHVI
10W/4CON
15W/40
VHVI
10W/40
HT-1 HT-2
Cat 1N
15W/4
0
10W/4
0
Seq IIIECat 1N Seq
유 공

28. O id ti / Th l St bilitO id ti / Th l St bilitOxidation / Thermal StabilityOxidation / Thermal Stability
88
70.3
80.4
72
80
h
64
72
Hours,
48
56
CON 15W/40 VHVI 10w/40CON 15W/40 VHVI 10w/40
Seq IIIE
API CG-4/SH
유 공

29. W P fW P fWear PerformanceWear Performance
30 5
Limit 30 Limit 5
19.4 19.1
15
20
25
3
4
5
10
15
1.57
1.16
1
2
0
CON
15W/40
VHVI
10W/40
0
CON
15W/40
VHVI
10W/40
Seq IIIE
Cam + Lifter
Seq VE
Cam
유 공

30. Automotive Gear OilAutomotive Gear OilAutomotive Gear OilAutomotive Gear Oil
SAE 75W/90
A B C
BASE
ADD
YUBASE
4 & 6
PAO
4 & 6
HT
VII(PMA)
PPD
Viscosity @100
VI
13.70
214
12.60
221
13.45
211
Pour Point,
Brookfield Vis,cP @-40
-42.5
41,000
-45
15,000
-45
50,000, @ , , ,
유 공

31. Automotive Gear OilAutomotive Gear OilAutomotive Gear OilAutomotive Gear Oil
ISOT (JIS K 2514)( )
1 5 9
1.3
1.4
1.5
40℃
A
B
C 6
7
8
se
A
B
1.1
1.2
Ratio@
C
3
4
5
NIncreas
C
0.9
1
Vis
0
1
2
TAN0 48 96
Hour, h
-1 0 48 96
Hour, h
유 공

32. St T bi OilSt T bi OilSteam Turbine OilSteam Turbine Oil
TOST LIFE (Phenol 0.5 %)( )
0.9
1
Yubase 6
0 6
0.7
0.8
0.9
KOH/g
PAO 6
VHVI-1 6
VHVI-2 6
0 3
0.4
0.5
0.6
AN,mgK
VHVI 2 6
HT
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
TA
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Hour, h,
유 공

33. St T bi OilSt T bi OilSteam Turbine OilSteam Turbine Oil
(COST 210 X 1 g/min)(COST 210 X 1 g/min)
1000
n
600
800
Time,Min
Yubase
HC
400
OTLifeT
C1
C2
C3
0
200
RBO
C3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Hour, h
유 공

34. St T bi OilSt T bi OilSteam Turbine OilSteam Turbine Oil
(RBOT)(RBOT)
945
900
1000
623
600
700
800
Min
434
484
295
300
400
500
600
feTime,
100
200
300
Lif
0
Yubase HT C1 C2 C3
유 공

35. Gas Turbine OilGas Turbine OilGas Turbine OilGas Turbine Oil
(RBOT)( )
1600
1000
1200
1400
min
600
800
1000
eTime,m
200
400
600
Life
0
C-VHVI HT Yubase
유 공

36. Gas Turbine OilGas Turbine OilGas Turbine OilGas Turbine Oil
(FTMS 5308.6, 175 X 72hrs)( , )
25
52.4 3.5
6.97
20
25
0,%℃
LIMIT
2.5
3
se
LIMIT
10
15
ase@40
1.5
2
Increas
5
10
VisIncrea
0 5
1
1.5
TAN0
V
C-VHVI C-HT Yubase HT
0
0.5
C-VHVI C- HT Yubase HT
유 공

37. VHVI BASESTOCKVHVI BASESTOCKVHVI BASESTOCKVHVI BASESTOCK
Excellent Oxidation/Thermal StabilityExcellent Oxidation/Thermal Stability
Lower Oil ConsumptionLower Oil Consumption
E ll t D it C t lExcellent Deposit Control
Good Wear Performance
유 공

38. SUMMARYSUMMARY
HIGH PERFORMANCE LUBE OILSHIGH PERFORMANCE LUBE OILS
VHVI
YUBASEYUBASEYUBASEYUBASE
유 공