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益生菌带来饮料的差异化和新飞跃
----金苏,博士,亚太区商务总监,杜邦营养与健康
今天想讲益生菌及发酵在饮品创新中的贡献和机会。
首先澄清几点,益生菌是产品,发酵是技术手段。当给饮品创新机会时,可以是
益生菌的单独添加,可以是通过发酵这个手段,也可以是益生菌添加及本身它可
以担任发酵的角色,可以有多种的组合。在饮品当中有三个部分与大家分享。第
一部分是着重跟大家分享,发酵、益生菌到底能够给饮品带来什么样的性价。这
里从产品的设计和理念上带来创新的价值来说。
后面分成两个部分,因为从产品来讲,一个是含蛋白质的,包括发酵乳饮料和发
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酵植物蛋白,另一个是果蔬汁饮料和茶饮料。益生菌到底能为这两类饮品带来什
么?
2016 年全球 10 大食品,第一个就是饮料大变革。饮料品类是最大的品类,乳
品与饮料相比,饮料体量大很多。一直以来饮料的创新不是那么活跃,各种饮料
从功能来分我们可以看到天然、健康、功能的。天然成分的饮料包括近水饮料、
植物饮料、植物蛋白饮料等,另外占比较大的则是碳酸饮料。我们在思索两个问
题,一个是新兴品类的扩展,第二个是老品类的消费升级。
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从全球的饮料趋势上看,创新有两类:一个是概念和功能,这是消费者需求的。
不光光是解渴,功能、天然、营养、健康等都是消费者所需要的。另外一块最直
观的是口味和质地。如果从口味和质地上给消费者带来不同的感觉,那它是能够
谈得上创新的。第三个方面是技术创新。归根结底支持创新的除了产品的营销、
概念,最重要的还是技术创新。从技术上可以给工业化的食品带来新的方面,就
是讲手工制作。也发酵、酶解等技术可以带来革新的地方。从目前流行的产品,
例如核桃、杏仁和椰子等区域植物,在老百姓心目中都是很健康的。核桃补脑,
杏仁和椰子都是很直观的概念,另外就是谷物与牛奶蛋白的结合。
另外讲到跨界,跨界是好的工具,但是也有要小心使用的方面。大家看到水+果
汁、咖啡+谷物等。乳业+饮料、烘焙+饮料等都是可以考虑跨界的部分。
谈到市场亮点,功能饮料中红牛是亮点,它在某些功能方面得到大众认可;另外
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是王老吉,很多人都会怕上火都会喝到它;还有核桃已已经深入人心了。包装水
中,有直接讲运动的解析水。酸奶中有莫斯利安。中国饮料市场品类很多,但是
发酵的产品相对匮乏,大品牌发酵饮品相对是空白。
为什么发酵能够给饮品带来新价值呢?首先是从功能上,发酵可以帮助人体的吸
收。大分子变小分子,不管是蛋白质,乳分子都会通过发酵直接消化吸收。还有
乳酸菌,调节菌群及还有补充 B 族维生素。其次在口感上面,发酵可以带来良
好、独特的风味。另一方面,从消费者的直观理解来看,发酵的食品在中国人概
念中形象很正面,认为发酵的东西容易吸收。再深入讲发酵带来什么,大量的积
累的代谢产物,包括氨基酸、核苷酸等都是对人体有利的物质。
总结来讲,益生菌添加和益生菌的发酵可以带来什么样的健康和风味的益处呢?
从发酵产物来讲,有酸、细菌素、生物多糖和维生素的合成,从食物的保鲜、营
养属性、感官都会带来正向、差异化的东西。另外,对于中国的消费者来说,口
味为王。虽然消费者描述产品的时,健康排在口味的前面,这是描述的时候,但
是事实上在购买时才是味道最重要的。
益生菌不管是添加还是发酵,都具有很广泛的潜在的市场价值。在强化健康方面,
赋予健康的属性,提升美味,提高风味的差异化来;是消费习惯来讲,亚洲人本
来就吃很多发酵的产品;最后从市场策略来讲,生物技术在中国始终还是一个门
槛比较高的先进技术。生物技术的改善对产品的市场形象和市场价值来讲,会产
生不同程度的提升,具有很广阔的前景。
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现在发酵乳的使用场景越来越多了。在越来越多不同的消费场景,都会看到发酵
乳的出现。从种类、数量来说,市面上不断地涌现有 6 个菌、8 个菌,从 100
亿、300 亿、500 亿,这些数据让消费者觉得产品在不断地升级。在数量和菌类
上,已经玩得很极致。下面该做的就是功效。在法规上来讲,我们需要付诸努力
做到真正的功效。在功能和市场方面发酵乳还有很多功能的区域,液态奶已经有
很多做加法和减法的例子。发酵乳这块的功效大家都讲肠道,除了肠道其实还是
有很多可以开发的。另外是细分化,从场景到人群再到不同功能性的区分,都有
很多可以开发的地方。再一个是跨界,在乳品、发酵乳和饮料和果品等产品中有
很多方面值得开发。例如褐色乳饮料,可以做一个白色的,从口感上做差异化与
市面上大多数褐色乳业差别化的产品。另外还有干奶乳饮料的发酵,为什么不产
生其他的气体,带给消费者不同的口感、颜色、功效。
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第二个是植物蛋白饮料。除了现在市面上三大植物发酵饮料,调研显示,消费者
理想的植物蛋白饮料需要做到健康、有营养、天然、味道好。所谓健康是什么呢?
营养丰富的同时也追求天然,就是原材料新鲜、绿色。第二个是口感,口感和味
道,添加水果大家觉得口感很好。植物蛋白饮料仅仅是在浅层次需求上做了一些
工作,其实还有很多的需求可以提升。比如说讲在功效方面,消费者需要很多的
功效,包括排毒、健脑等。我们可以将发酵的手段用于提升功效方面做一些尝试。
另外是技术方面,包括酶解、发酵技术。首先市面上的产品有高蛋白、高纤维的
产品,也都是在植物蛋白方面。第二是不同植物的组合,大豆、杏仁、椰子、大
米。发酵的植物蛋白饮料,有发酵的米露、椰子、大豆、燕麦。最后一块是直接
添加的,因为植物蛋白也是很好的益生菌的载体,所以这些都是可以考虑的方向。
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亚洲人本身喜欢植物蛋白来源的产品,发酵同时又是亚洲人所接受的。在日韩就
有很多发酵的产品,比如说发酵米露,不管是健康卖点和口味上都有很大幅度的
差异化和味道的提升。在日本,大豆的功效、功能大家很认可。但是为什么大豆
在亚洲国家卖得不火呢?日本在口味、形象方面做得很好。在口味上解决了大豆
一些不愉快的味道。针对的目标群体就是女性。另外一款黑大豆产品帮助男性提
高元气,改变了以往大豆饮料在男性中的口碑。其他还有发酵豆乳与酸奶、谷物
的结合。韩国有高纤维、低胆固醇的发酵酸奶,但是里面也添加了发酵大豆和燕
麦。不仅仅是亚洲,欧洲植物蛋白发酵的产品也很多。荷兰的发酵椰奶+豆奶、
椰子+大豆,还有加腰果、杏仁,各种植物蛋白放一起发酵。还有一款芬兰的产
品,通过发酵+添加的方式组合,包括椰子+大豆,椰子+燕麦等。
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下面看看发酵果蔬汁。虽然消费者觉得果蔬汁营养、健康,但是为什么果汁市场
增长疲软呢?原因在于缺少新品的,特别是有亮点、有差异化的新品。从人均的
消费量和业态发展来看,发展空间很大。近年来消费者对果汁的需求很大,而对
果汁的需求,天然发酵也可以满足的。
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在这张图上可以看到消费者的满意程度,不管是产品的口感、包装,还是对营养、
健康的需求都是比较高的位置。以及清热、解毒、美容护肤,包括还要有口感,
怎样满足消费者呢?发酵就可以做不同程度的满足和提升。
来看看几个国外的产品,日本不同的多种果蔬的发酵,利用益生菌发酵果蔬汁,
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得到从口味上到功能上都比原来产品有很大提升的产品。另外这是在欧美的产品
发酵胡萝卜汁、甜菜汁,同时有很多的选择。做果蔬汁与奶也很好做,因为原料
更广泛。发酵果蔬汁的应用类型,第一款是直接添加,将益生菌加到冷藏的果蔬
汁里面,但是货架期短,10—60 天,保存温度可能冷链比较好;第二款是果蔬
汁+发酵乳,或者是发酵果汁添加益生菌,或者是不同的混合果汁直接添加益生
菌等组合很多,可以做活菌或非活菌常货架期的饮品;第三种是直接发酵,直接
用鲜榨的果蔬汁为底物加入乳酸菌和酵母菌,可以常温或者是冷藏。
这种完全区别于前面跨界的产品,就是实实在在的很纯的果蔬汁,应用更广泛,
比如说很大地空间的餐饮业,可以加到鸡尾酒、气泡酒中,也可以像饼房采用像
饮料、果冻、甜品等都可以作为基料添加。
最后一个是发酵茶饮料。茶饮料是消费者一直感觉很健康的饮料,但是现在走到
一个瓶颈。能否在目前的茶饮料上有所突破呢?技术方向包括酶解、发酵、益生
菌添加,甚至酶解和发酵结合起来,先酶解再发酵。但是技术的方向能否满足消
费者的需求,消费者到底需要什么? Mintel 的调查显示消费者更加偏好健康功
效。一个特点是低糖,不要只有红茶、绿茶和乌龙茶,还可以有比较少见的茶叶,
消费者是需要多样化的选择。目前市场上做的是无糖、草本的,是否可以考虑做
一些发酵的美容茶?发酵的绿茶、红茶,包括发酵的乌龙茶等都是可以考虑的。
其实市面上的产品也是有的,有一款完全针对女性美容的有机黑麦发酵茶。在美
国也有草莓+绿茶进行发酵,口感尝下来很不错。Kombucha 是中国很悠久的
概念,就是草莓+绿茶可以帮助消化健康。那另外还有一个是叫青苹果益生菌茶,
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青苹果+益生菌去发酵绿茶。
这是去年日本推出的一款绿茶,采用大家偏好的元素组合,并在包装上有所创新。
茶的瓶盖上加了很多的益生菌粉,在引用时瓶盖一拧,益生菌就会掉到瓶子里面,
稍微摇一下,就可以在饮用绿茶时得到 100—200 亿活的益生菌,同时独特的设
计可以让茶常温保存。

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