2. INTRODUCTION
• Reduce weight of the car to make more
drive efficient.
• Decrease interior complexity.
• Increase cabin space.
• Lightweight cars with strongest material.
• Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Solar cell
composite
• Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Speakers
Automotive Industry Goals Future Possibilities
3. CARBON NANOTUBE (CNT) PRODUCTION
• Methods to manufacture CNT
Arc discharge method –
Simplest and oldest techniques
High quality CNT
Laser ablation –
High quality
Better control than arc method
Cost reduction but complex instrument require (Lasers & ovens)
Chemical vapor deposition(CVD) – Hot filament, Plasma treatment.
Gives good alignment level
Only small quantity CNT can be produce
4. PROPERTIES OF CNT
• CNT length to diameter ratio is 132000000:1. which is good for electronic, optics and sensor
application.
• Thermal stability up to 2800ºc in vacuum & 750ºc in atmosphere.
• Carbon nanotubes are stiffest and strongest material. CNT have tensile strength 16 times greater
than stainless-steel and thermal conductivity 5 times higher than copper which is important for
photovoltaic cell.
• Mainly two categories of CNT, one is SWCNT(Single wall carbon nanotube) and
MWCNT(Multiwall carbon nanotube).
5. CAR BODY PANEL
WORKS AS BATTERY
• This part is from report and it explains about how
carbon fiber composite is used to make car body and
super capacitors are embedded into it.
• In this technology only advantage is to save space
occupied by conventional battery.
• Disadvantage of this technology
Complicated process
Electric energy is required to recharge.
Electric motor is used.
6. • Cars Roof, Bonet, Doors are made up of CNT
solar cells composite.
• Battery is placed in bonet to store energy.
• This battery is also made up of CNT which
called CNT paper battery.
• Sunlight is striking on body of the car and
CNT solar cells absorbs sunlight and convert
it into electric energy
First Future Possibility : CNT Solar cell Composite
JOHN WEAVER (2018)
XIAOYAN
WANG(2015)
GINGER GARDINER
7. • For car windows and sunroof, costly
silicon is replaced by Transparent CNT
solar cell.
• SWCNTs and glass fiber is used for this.
• CNT layer is 100 – 200nm thick.
PAUL RIDDEN (2012)
ARSLAN SAFDER (2019) MICHAEL HERH (2018)
8. PROPERTIES THAT ARE REQUIRED TO BUILT CNT
SOLAR CELL COMPOSITE
• SWCNT & MWCNT - less diameter, compactible for solar cells.
• Diameter required - 20nm,
Diameter of SWCNT & MWCNT 2 - 10nm & 5 – 100nm respectively.
• To Generate electric energy must have electrodes - Indium tin oxide (ITO) & Fluorine tin
oxide (FTO) – have some drawbacks.
CNTs are promising replacement for ITO & FTO - High specular transmittance, low
resistivity in broad spectral range.
Simple fabrication techniques.
9. • CNTs buckypaper structure.
• CNT can transfer electrons efficiently with good PV properties.
• CNT ideal electrode material.
• Excellent mobility.
• Tailorable electronic properties.
• Finish for solar cells
o Brush paining or inkjet painting.
o Nano-enhanced paint – This color absorbs 99.9% of light incident on it
o Plasma treatment
10. ADVANTAGES OF CNT SOLAR CELL COMPOSITE
• More flexible, Cheaper, lighter than conventional material.
• CNT solar cells are twice efficient – certified by ‘National renewable energy
laboratory’.
• Fabrication process is simple.
• Saving in electric energy required for battery charging. Here we are avoiding
the use of battery chargers.
• In case of car crash the damage is minimized because of carbon nanofiber
composite which strongest material.
11. • Reduce interior components.
• Minimize interior complexity.
• Increase interior space.
• Removing conventional
magnetic speakers from doors,
dashboards and back boards.
• Moving audio output to the
overhead i.e. Soundsystem in
Headliner.
• It will reduce mass and create
additional interior space.
Goals of Automotive industry for
Interior
Second Future Possibility : CNT Speakers for car interior
Solution to reduce interior
complexity and space
12. CNT SPEAKERS FOR CAR INTERIOR
• CNT paper thin loudspeakers which can embedded into everything like in clothing, walls, car
interior etc.
• CNTs are mounted on electrodes and this system will work as loudspeakers. By attaching several
films together large area of speaker can produce.
• Current from electrodes heats CNT films, results in temperature oscillation, this excites to oscillate
into surrounding air, resulting in sound generation.
• This is not a mechanical moment.
• When audio frequency current is applied on CNT, it will generate sound with the wide frequency
with High sound pressure levels (SPL) and Low thermal harmonic distortion (THD).
• Sinusoidal voltage is applied to create clear and loud tones.
13. WHY IT IS IMPORTANT
• Ultralight weight
• Flexible
• Stretchable
• Transparent
• No moving parts
• Low material cost
The future of things
BONGIOVI AVIATION
ALLISONS MILLS (2015)
DEXTER JOHNSON
14. • CNT speakers Can be tailored into any shape and size and will be placed on variety of
rigid and flexible surfaces.
• Not consisting any moving parts or magnets, like conventional speakers.
• Promising property of CNT film is stretchability, Film can stretch up to 200% of its
original size with this transparency increases.
• CNT film can heat up and cool down 100000 times each second, as compared to platinum
sheet which can do only 16 times per second.
• If part of film is broken still emits sound but conventional speakers will not work.
Properties of CNT speakers
15. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• LAURA WIELAND et al (2020), Carbon nanotubes for photovoltaics: from lab to industry, Advanced energy material.
• HUDA A. ALTURAIF et al (2014), Use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with polymers in solar cells, molecules, Page no 17330 – 17344.
• MARK HERSAM (2014), Breakthrough for carbon nanotube solar cells, McCormick News, Available from
https://isen.northwestern.edu/breakthrough-for-carbon-nanotube-solar-cells
• PAUL RIDDEN (2012) 23 March, Carbon nanotube solar cells point to possible transparent solar window future, New Atlas, Available from
https://newatlas.com/transparent-carbon-nanotube-solar-cell/21912/
• Nanotube Speakers (2019) December 11, Resources, sound reinforcement, Soundbridge, Available from : https://soundbridge.io/nanotube-speakers/
• Flexible, Transparent Nanotube – Based Loudspeakers, The future of things, Available from: https://thefutureofthings.com/3823-flexible-transparent-
nanotube-based-loudspeakers/
• ALLISONS MILLS (2015), Carbon nanotube speakers play music with heat, phys org, Available from: https://phys.org/news/2015-07-carbon-
nanotube-speakers-music.html
• DAMIR BECIRI (2009) 6 October, Flexible stretchable, nearly indestructible CNT loudspeakers, RobAid, Available from:
http://www.robaid.com/tech/flexible-stretchable-nearly-indestructible-cnt-loudspeakers.htm
• BONGIOVI AVIATION, interior panels become the speaker, Available from: https://bongioviacoustics.com/aviation/
• ULRICH ANDREE (2012) January, Headliner with integrated sound and ambient light, electronic textiles, Smart textiles and nanotechnology.
• P.J. BROWN, K. STEVENS (2007), Nanofibers and nanotechnology in textiles, Cambridge England, Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
16. • JOHN WEAVER (2018)23 November, All I want for Christmas is a 90% efficient solar panel, PV magazine.
• ARSLAN SAFDER (2019) 5 July, Use of graphene in solar cell, Nanografi, Available from :
https://nanografi.com/blog/use-of-graphene-in-solar-cells/
• MICHAEL HERH (2018) 1 November, Hyundai and Kia to Launch Solar-Powered Green Cars Next Year,
Business Korea.
• XIAOYAN WANG et al, (2015), Tio2 nanotube array based flexible perovskite solar cells with
transparent carbon nanotube electrode, Nano energy, vol 11, Page no 728-735.
• GINGER GARDINER (2017) 28 February, Composite in class a body panel integrating energy
storage, Composite world.
• DEXTER JOHNSON (2015) 30 July, Carbon nanotube speakers promise application outside of audio
equipment, IEEE Spectrum.
• DM CHAN (2019), Fade to black : A BMW SUV that stands apart, Asia times.
