Protocols

Faculty of Engineering and Technology
MGCG University Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P) -485334
Presentation on Protocols
Submitted by
Name - Shubham Mishra
R.N. – 154505
Semester – 7th
Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya University
Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P) -485334

 Protocol is a set of rules that determines how
the data transmitted over a network, such
as local area network, Internet, Intranet, etc.
 Protocols may be implemented on hardware,
software, or a combination of both.
 Protocol is set of mutually accepted and
implemented rules at both ends of the
communications channel.
 In simplified term, It is a digital language
through which we communicate with others on
the Internet.
What is Protocol

 Each protocol has its own method of how data is formatted when sent and what to
do with it once received, how that data is compressed, or how to check for errors in
the data.
 Hundreds of different computer network protocols have been developed each
designed for specific purposes and environments. Some Protocols are TCP/IP, HTTP,
FTP etc.
 Protocol is a communication standard that is followed by host in a network to
communicate with each other. A group of protocols designed to work together are
known as a protocol suite and when implemented in software they are a protocol
stack.
What is Protocol……..……..Continue

The ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) part of the US Defense program was the
first to introduce the concept of a standardized protocol. ARPA developed an integrated
network using packet protocol and is also renowned for its development of packet
switching.
Network devices can be physically connect but these can not communicate with
each other unless protocol is applied. A protocol technologies is required for
communication between computers or devices.
To connect different types of computers from a variety of computer vendors, protocols
must be first standardized and implemented in both computers.
Who developed Protocol and why ?

Without protocols, devices would lack the ability to
understand the electronic signals over network
connections. Network protocols serve these basic
functions:
 Communication between application and other
software entities.
 Its objective to enable cooperation of devices on a
common task.
 Correct recipient(s) of data to the destination.
 Physically transmit data from source to destination,
with security protection and speed if needed.
 Receive messages and send responses
appropriately.
Need of Protocols

Consider a comparison between
network protocols with how a
postal service handles physical
paper mail. Just as the postal
service manages letters from many
sources and destinations, so to do
network protocols keep data
flowing along many paths
continuously.
Need of Protocols………..…continue

• Internet Protocols - The internet protocol family
contains a set of related and among the most
widely used network protocols. Beside internet
protocol (IP) itself, higher-level protocols like TCP,
UDP, HTTP, and FTP all integrate with IP to provide
additional capabilities. Similarly, lower-level
internet protocols like ARP and ICMP also co-exist
with IP. In general, higher level protocols in the IP
family interact more closely with applications like
web browsers while lower-level protocols interact
with network adapters and other computer
hardware.
Types of Protocol

 Wireless Network Protocols - Thanks to wi-fi, Bluetooth
and LTE, wireless networks have become commonplace.
Network protocols designed for use on wireless
networks must support roaming mobile devices and deal
with issues such as variable data rates and network
security.
 Network Routing Protocols - Routing protocols are
special-purpose protocols designed specifically for use by
network routers on the internet. A routing protocol can
identify other routers, manage the pathways (called
routes) between sources and destinations of network
messages, and make dynamic routing decisions.
Common routing protocols include EIGRP, OSPF, and BGP.
Types of Protocol……..…..…Continue

A protocol is a set of rules that governs data
communication. It represents an agreement
between the communicating devices. Without a
protocol, two devices may be connected but not
communicating, just as a person speaking German
cannot be understood by a person who speaks
only Hindi.
Protocols are required to exchange messages
in or between computing systems and are
required in telecommunications. It is safe to say
that the internet we know today would not be
here without TCP.
Thinking about communication without Protocols

Yes it is possible to communicate between two network with diffirent protocol. Two
networks with two different routing protocols can communicate using redistribution.
Keeping in mind that it requires the implementation of careful routing protocol
design and traffic optimization when using multi-protocol networks.
Suppose, we have multiple routing protocols on our network and we’ll need
some method to exchange routing information between the different protocols. This
is called Redistribution. Redistribution allows a network that uses one routing
protocol to route traffic dynamically based on information learned from another
routing protocol.
Communication with different routing protocols

Some commonly used Protocols
TCP - Transmission control protocol is used for communication over a network. In TCP
data is broken down into small packets and then sent to the destination. However, IP is
making sure packets are transmitted to the right address.
FTP - File transfer protocol is basically used for transferring files to different networks.
There may be a mass of files such as text files, multimedia files, etc. This way of file
transfer is quicker than other methods.
IP - Internet Protocol is addressing protocol. It is always used together with TCP. IP
addresses of packet, routes them through different nodes and networks until it reaches
its final destination. TCP/IP is perhaps the most used standard protocol for connecting
computer networks.
DNS - Domain Name System is used in the performance of one simple task of converting
IP address to domain names that everyone can easily understand.

 HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is based on
client and server model. HTTP is used for making a
connection between the web client and web server.
HTTP shows information in web pages.
 HTTPS - It is a secure version of Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol ( HTTP). The ‘S’ stands for Secure. It is a
method for ensuring secure communication between
a user’s browser and a web server. It is often
recognized as showing a green address bar or
padlock in the browser window to indicate a secure
connection.
 SMTP - Simple mail transfer protocol manages the
transmission and outgoing mail over the internet.
Some commonly used Protocols………....Continue

 POP - Post Office Protocol is used to receive incoming E-mail .
 IPA - Internet Address Protocol is the address that identifies a computer on a network
using TCP/IP. An IP address contains series of four numbers unique to the computer
concerned
Example : 90.399.424.34. This address is usually supplied by a Internet Service
Provider.
 Ethernet - Ethernet is a most important for LAN communication. Ethernet transmits
the data in digital packets. If any computer wants to use this protocol they should
contain Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC). The card is implemented with unique
address code fixed in the microchip.
 DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a kind of service used in the client and
server model.

 Gopher - Gopher is an application layer protocol, which is used for searching and
retrieving documents from remote sites. This is possible to start an online
connection with other computers through gopher.
 Telnet - Telnet is an established with some rules which are used to connect to
another computer. Telnet is mainly used for the remote login process. The computer
which is requesting for a connection that is a local computer and which is accepting
the connection that is a remote computer. If you give a command in a local
computer that command is executed in the remote computer. Telnet is also based
on client and server model.
 SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol has the ability to monitor, configure
and control network devices.

Protocols used in layers of OSI Model
Layers Name Protocols
Application Layer HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, Telnet
Presentation Layer TIFF, GIF, PICT, JPEG, MPEG,
MIDI
Session Layer NFS, NCP, SMB
Transport Layer TCP, SPX, UDP
Network Layer IP, IPX, ATM, ICMP, IGMP, IPv4,
IPv6
Data Link Layer Ethernet, FDDI, HDLC, PPP, ATM
Physical Layer Ethernet, ISDN, FDDI

Thankyou

Protocols

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