This document provides an overview of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), an aircraft manufacturer in India. HAL was formed in 1964 through the merger of several aircraft companies and today has 19 production units. It describes the basic components of an aircraft including the fuselage, wings, empennage, power plant, and landing gear. The roles of lift, thrust, drag and gravity in flight are outlined. Common materials used in airframe construction like aluminum, titanium, and composites are mentioned due to their strength and lightweight properties. The power plant and its function in providing thrust via the propeller or jet engine is summarized. The landing gear, typically a tricycle design, allows the plane to taxi and land.

1. HIMALAYAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
& MANAGEMENT
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2. PRESENT & DESIGN BY:shubham katiyar
B.TECH 7TH SEM.
ROLL NO. :-1046510033
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3. INTRODUCTION OF HAL ORGANIZATION
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) came into existence on 1st
October 1964. The Company was formed by the merger of Hindustan
Aircraft traces its roots to the pioneering efforts of an industrialist with
extraordinary vision, the late Seth WalchandHirachand, who set up
Hindustan Aircraft Limited at Bangalore in association with the erstwhile
princely State of Mysore in December 1940. The Government of India
Limited with Aeronautics India Limited and Aircraft Manufacturing Depot,
Kanpur.
The Company became a shareholder in March 1941 and took over the
Management in 1942.
Today, HAL has 19 Production Units and 10 Research and Design Centres
in 8 locations in India. The Company has an impressive product track
record - 15 types of aircrafts/Helicopters manufactured with in-house R & D
and 14 types produced under license. HAL has manufactured over 3658
Aircrafts/Helicopters , 4178engines, Upgraded 272 aircraft and
overhauled over 9643aircraft and 29775 engines.
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4. BASIC OF FLIGHT
• THRUST
• LIFT
• DRAG
• GRAVITY
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5. Aircraft Components
A. Fuselage
B. Wings
C. Empenage or Tail
D. Power Plant
E. Landing Gear or
Undercarriage
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6. Vertical
Stabilizer
Horizontal
Stabilizer
Wing
Rudder
Right Aileron
Elevator
Empennage
Nacelle
Fuselage
Left Aileron
Landing Gear
Propeller
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Wing
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7. Empennage
• Know as tail section
• Consist of
– Vertical Stabilizer
– Rudder
– Horizontal Stabilizer
– Elevators
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8. Power Plant
A unit or machine that converts chemical energy contains in
the fuel to thrust force. Thrust force is essential for moving
the airplane forward and producing lift force. With the piston
engine, the propeller is used to convert torque at engine
shaft to be thrust. With the jet engine, the jet engine output is
the thrust force.
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9. Landing Gear
• Located underneath of the
fuselage with shock strut
• Fixed / Retractable
• Provides means of landing taxiing
• Tri- cycle –Conventional type
• Floating gear for seaplane /skiequipped for ice surface landing
etc..
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10. Material use in Airframe Construction
Airframe Materials Properties
- High Strength to Weight ratio
- Light weight
- Corrosion Resistant
- Should be non flammable
- High quality
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11. Landing Gear Structure
Airplanes with conventional landing gear are sometimes
referred to as tail wheel airplanes. When the third wheel is
located on the nose, it is called nose wheel, and the design
is referred to as a tricycle gear. A steerable nose wheel or
tail wheel permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all
operations while on the ground.
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12. Power Plant
The power plant usually includes both the engine and the
propeller. The primary function of the engine is to provide the
power to turn the propeller. It also generates electrical power,
provides a vacuum source for some flight instruments, and in
most single-engine airplanes, provides a source of heat for
the pilot and passengers. The engine is covered by a cowling,
or in the case of some airplanes, surrounded by a nacelle.
The purpose of the cowling or nacelle is to streamline the flow
of air around the engine and to help cool the engine by
ducting air around the cylinders. The propeller, mounted on
the front of the engine, translates the rotating force of the
engine into a forward acting force called thrust that helps
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move the airplane through the air.

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14. Example of Material use in Airframe Construction
• WOOD (Spruce)
• STEEL & ITS ALLOYS (Strong )
• ALUMINIUM & ITS ALLOY (Commonly use)
• TITANIUM ALLOYS (Heat Barriers)
• MAGNESIUM ALLOYS (3 times lighter than AL)
• PLASTICS & COMPOSITE MATERIAL
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19. This is the end of presentation.
ANY QUERY
Thank you for your attention.
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