It is seminar report on pedestrian friendly city. what are fault are occurring in Indian cities and threats and solution to it. prepared by Shreeparna Sahoo

1. PEDESTRIAN ORIENTED
CITIES IN INDIA
Prepared By
Shreeparna Sahoo

2. Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................2
2. CONCEPT OF WALKABILITY AND WALKABILITY IN CITIES..............................................................2
3. POTENTIAL OF INDIAN CITIES IN TERMS OF WALKABILITY ............................................................3
4. NEED OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................................................3
5. AIM............................................................................................................................................5
6. OBJECTIVE..................................................................................................................................5
7. LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................5
7.1 THE QUALITY OF PEDESTRIAN SPACE IN THE CITY: A CASE STUDY OF OLSZTYN ........................5
7.2 PEDESTRIAN ONLY STREETS: CASE STUDY | STROGET, COPENHAGEN......................................6
8. BHOPAL AS CASE STUDY..............................................................................................................7
8.1 MODAL SHARE IN BHOPAL ...................................................................................................8
8.2 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR THE SITE..............................................................................................8
8.3 AREA SELECTION..................................................................................................................9
9. SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................9
10. LIMITATION..........................................................................................................................10
11. EXPECTED OUTCOMES...........................................................................................................10
12. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................10

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
Urban mobility is taken as a synonym of making flyovers and freeways in many of the
developing nations today. A large section of policy makers still feel that roads are meant for
vehicular movement only. On the other hand, a person on foot or on a cycle is usually neglected.
Merely pedestrianizing streets, diverting or controlling vehicular traffic movement, is not what is
desired. Merging city fabric and people’s mobility shall be the motive.
As a planner, one needs to understand that it is not attrition of motorized traffic in cities but
rather attrition of motorized traffic by cities, which hold the key to sustainable mobility. Planners
need to promote desired city uses that happen to be in competition with motorized traffic.
These needs would certainly narrow the vehicular road bed, but if that makes our cities learn to
foster deliberately to the basic generators of diversity, then popular and interesting walkways
would grow and their need would be justified
There is a dire need to address this issue in Indian societies. There are still no significant
planning interventions or policies to have more walk able neighborhoods or judicious land use
classification, which integrates walkability along with mass transportation.
This paper is an attempt to understand the importance of walkability, as part of city planning.
The study aims to identify the micro level issues pertaining to walkability in Pune and suggest
suitable planning interventions and policies to enhance walkability in Pune. The scope of work
covers identification and planning of an area in Pune, enhancing its walkability and ensuring a
more sustainable urban environment which includes safety, proximity and access, and not simply
mobility. It focuses only on pedestrians and cyclists and not all forms of non-motorized means
of transport.
2. CONCEPT OF WALKABILITY AND WALKABILITY IN
CITIES
Department of Planning, Public Policy and Management and the Graduate School of the
University of Oregon, describes “Walkability as a measure of the urban form and the quality and
availability of pedestrian infrastructure contained within a defined area. Pedestrian infrastructure

4. includes amenities developed to promote pedestrian efficiency and safety such as sidewalks, trails,
[and] pedestrian bridges.”
In general, pedestrian and cyclist improvements are planned at the neighborhood level, since
that is the scale of most walking trips. Pedestrian improvements tend to be centered on focal
points such as schools, residential, commercial, and high-density areas.
Walking which have many benefits such as
 Health benefits
 No fuel usage
 No investment better profit
 No pollution
3. POTENTIAL OF INDIAN CITIES IN TERMS OF
WALKABILITY
In India there are 468 UAs/Towns belonging to Class I category (0.1 million population) of which
53 UAs/Towns each have a population of one million or above each known as Million plus
UAs/Cities, these are the major urban centers in the country. 160.7 million Persons (or 42.6% of
the urban population) live in these Million plus UAs/Cities. India's per capita income is $ 1219,
ranked 142nd in the world while its per capita purchasing power parity (PPP) of US $3,608 is
ranked 129thDespite significant economic progress, a quarter of the nation's population earns
less than the government-specified poverty threshold of $0.40/day.
Indian cities which are considerably compact (with an avg. urban area density in India around
400 persons/sq.km) and have short travel distances, with potential walk able areas. The
conducive weather conditions in Indian cities, which are almost 320 days available for walking
and cycling is also an added advantage.
4. NEED OF THE STUDY
1. Life Risk to Pedestrians –

5. Pedestrians were mainly exposed to risk when crossing and walking on the road in urban
and rural areas. Many unique behaviors was observed like pedestrian crossed half way and
stopped in middle of road. Nearly 10% of pedestrians are fatal each year involving in ~5% of
overall accidents in India
 Walking, always an unsafe way to commute in Indian cities, has become more hazardous
in recent years. The number of pedestrians killed on the roads rose by a steep 84%
between 2014 and 2018, with average daily fatalities going up from 34 in 2014 to 62 last
year
 According to the road accident report of the Union transport ministry, pedestrians
were killed across the country in India. The number steady rose every year
2014 12,330
2015 13,894
2016 15,746
2017 20,457
2018 22,656
2. Pollution Level Increase –
A whopping nine in 10 people on Earth breathe highly polluted air, and more than 80
percent of urban dwellers have to endure outdoor pollution that exceeds health standards,
according to the WHO’s World Global Ambient Air Quality Database.
3. Traffic Congestion-
Traffic congestion has increased a lot, which leads to many consequences as accidents, delay
in time, conflicts, and pollution level increases.
4. Expenses –
Public transport or any other mode of transport would be expensive. And inaccessible too.
5. Lack of Infrastructure-
Lacking in the infrastructure for walkability planning. Infrastructure like bench, walking ways
and many more are unavailable for the pedestrians.

6. o Absence Dedicated Lanes
Not having a dedicated lane for cycling is a major issue. And if have cycle path that is
jointed to the road. And no continuous path
5. AIM
To provide strategies for a walk able friendly city and this will add on to eco-friendly
environment
6. OBJECTIVE
 To study the road mechanism and road hierarchy.
 To provide guidelines for the safety of the pedestrians
 Delineate areas to be concerned for walk abilities
 To provide Strategies that will promote walk abilities.
 To Prepare proper Walking track
7. LITERATURE REVIEW
7.1 THE QUALITY OF PEDESTRIAN SPACE IN THE CITY: A CASE
STUDY OF OLSZTYN
Iwona Cieślak; Karol Szuniewicz
This paper explains what are the criteria should be considered for the better walk able
city and on what basis the quality of the criteria is marked.
 Criteria of quality
Valuation of quality is strongly related to the quality criterion. It is certain that there is no
single quality criterion precisely describing the state of quality of the given object of
analysis. This is why we should use a set of criteria. Moreover, this results from the fact

7. that one of the important attributes of quality is collectiveness. To create an appropriate
set of criteria, we have to remember that the number of the characteristics cannot be
excessively large, but also cannot be excessively limited. Defining the set of criteria is
very important and is the most demanding task in the case of quality analyses.
In qualimetrics, the weight corresponding to the share of the specific quality criterion in
the quality structure of the test subject is called importance of this criterion. Importance
is an abstract concept, which means the urgency of satisfying the needs or the intensity
of the need to satisfy the requirements.
It cannot be measured, so it is dependent upon many factors. As an equal importance of
all the factors in a set is not possible, diversification of the importance of these factors is
necessary, and it means organization of their arrangement by decreasing or increasing
importance.
Grading the importance is done by allocating the importance factor to different states of
the characteristics. The importance of individual criteria in the set of the states of quality
can be determined in different ways.
7.2 PEDESTRIAN ONLY STREETS: CASE STUDY | STROGET,
COPENHAGEN

8. The pedestrianization of Copenhagen began with the city’s main street, Strøget, which was
converted in 1962 as an experiment. The conversion of the 1.15 km-long Main Street into a
pedestrian street was seen as a pioneering effort, which gave rise to much public debate
before the street was converted. “Pedestrian streets will never work in Scandinavia” was one
theory. “No cars means no customers and no customers means no business,” said local
business owners.
 Keys to Success
The successful pedestrianization of streets in Copenhagen can be attributed, in part, to the
incremental nature of change, giving people the time to change their patterns of driving and
parking into patterns of cycling and using collective transport to access key destinations in
the city—in addition to providing time to develop ways of using this newly available public
space.
 Lessons Learned
The pedestrianization of Strøget highlighted the potential for outdoor public life in
Denmark, as Danes never before had the room and the opportunity to develop a public life
in public spaces. This pedestrianization created peaceful, yet lively, public spaces. Strøget
also proved that pedestrian streets can increase revenue for local retailers.
8. BHOPAL AS CASE STUDY
Bhopal city is the capital of 2nd largest Indian state, Madhya Pradesh, which makes it as an
economic headquarters of the state, and also for the central India. With a population of 1.4
million in an area of 2.85 sq.km The average income of the city is about 35 $, which shows the
necessity the growth of NMT/motorized trips. The city has physical features like large water
body, hills and forests for analysis of local variations. A million plus city, it can represent the
majority of Indian cities.

9. 8.1 MODAL SHARE IN BHOPAL
8.2 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR THE SITE

10. 8.3 AREA SELECTION
Source: Traffic and Transportation Plan Redensification Scheme for TT Nagar, 2012, DHV India Pvt. Ltd.
The above maps shows them major junction of the city where it is needed on the priority basis.
9. SCOPE
 A proper Structural road network for pedestrians

11.  Better accessibility without any delay
 Minimize life risk to pedestrians and guideline for them
 Providing a clean and healthy environment
10. LIMITATION
 Accessing the data from government organisation
 Study of transport system of Pune city will be a time taking process
 Conducting site surveys as an individual will be a crucial challenge
 Commuting from Surat to bhubaneswar will be a challenge
11. EXPECTED OUTCOMES
 Proper design of foot paths highlighting the fact that the lane is only for pedestrians
 Separated & Continuous footpath for the pedestrians
 Lower the pollution level
 Better healthier city
 Reduce the life risk factor of the pedestrians
12. CONCLUSION
The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that streets can be “more than public utilities,” they
have the effect of “focusing attention and activities on one or many centers.” The concepts
looked at show actual case study examples of how streets are evolving and how people are
responding to new concerns.

12. Historically we have seen street design comes out of a change in cultural needs. In the Medieval
Period there was a need to expand the functionality of the streets by widening them. In the
Renaissance, change was spurred by an aesthetic shift. Designers emphasized symmetry and
order and sought to use streets to create views and axial relationships. Similarly, Green Streets
are in response to peoples growing awareness and anxieties concerning climate change and
greenhouse gases. Complete streets are in response to the priority cities; have over the years,
given to vehicular traffic and the subsequent steady destruction of main streets all over India.
Footpath is always important for city. It reduces many environmental issues and dependency of
people in motorized vehicle. Besides that it also helps in defining a city identity.