This is an academic presentation on Aquatic Vascular Plants, their effects on the aquatic environment and their control measures.

1. Effects and Control of Aquatic
Vascular Plants
Department of Fisheries Management
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural
University, Gazipur-1706
Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat
Faculty of Fisheries
Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

2. Aquatic Vascular Plants
 Vascular tissues allows plant to grow large
 Intake inorganic nutrients by roots
 Food-transporting phloem
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com
 Water transporting xylem tissues
 Aquatic plants having vascular system

3. Aquatic Vascular Plants
 Grows in soils usually covered with water
 Includes both woody and herbaceous plants
 Occur in both salt water and fresh water
 Rhizophora mangle grows in four feet depth
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

4. Aquatic vascular hydrophytes arc usually 4 types
Types of AVP
 Emergent: Occur in ≤1 feet deep
 Floating: Occur in relatively deep water
 Submerged: Occurs in deep water
 Spreading: Occurs on the dyke
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

5.  Emergent AVPs
 Roots in the bottom
 Some portions may emerge
over the water surface
Example: 1. Leersia hexandra
2. Persicaria amphibia
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

6.  Floating AVPs
 True floating plants
Float freely on water surface
Example: 1. Lemna minor
2. Wolffia arrhiza
 No connection with soil
shoaibe58sau@gmail.co

7.  Rooted plants with floating leaves
 Floating AVPs
 Roots on substrate
 Leaves floating on water surface
Example: 1. Nymphaea nouchali
2. Marsilea quadrifolia
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

8.  Completely submerged
 Submerged AVPs
 Rooted on substrates
Example: 1. Najas najas
2. Vallisneria asiatica
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

9.  Spreading AVPs
 Spread over the water surface
 Grows on the dyke
Example: 1. Ecchornia crassipes
2. Enhydra fluctuans
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

10. Harmful Effects of AVP
 Uptake nutrients and reduce primary production
 Cause reduction in oxygen levels
 Interfere with fish harvesting
 Serve as vectors for disease causing organisms
 Floating and deep rooted submerged weeds
interfere with navigation
 Excess growth can make pond unproductive
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

11. Beneficial Effects of AVP
 Used as food for human
 Food for livestock animals
 Ingredients to make compost fertilizer
 Food source for fish
 Rooted plants prevent soil erosion
 Provide fish breeding grounds
 Reduce turbidity of waterbody
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

12. Aquatic
vascular
plants are
used
to make
different
handicraft
Ref: Aquatic vascular
plants as handicraft: a
case study in southern
Brazil
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

13. Preventive Measures
 Proper design and construction of ponds
 Lining canals to alleviate water weed
 Watershed Management: Livestock waste
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com
 Proper ditch and canal construction
 Prevent fertilizer runoff from croplands

14. Control of AVPs
Mechanical control of AVPs Manual control of AVPs
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

15. Biological Control of AVPs
 Use of Fish: Tilapia, Grass Carp, Common Carp  Use of Ducks and geese
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

16. Use of Snails: Marisa cornuarietis
 Completely controlled
Ceratophyllum demersum
Najas guadalupensis
Potamogeton illinoensis
 Partially controlled
Pistia stratoites
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Eichhornia crassipes
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

17.  Neochetina bruchi
Use of Insects
 N. eichhorniae
 Neohydronmus affinis
 Euhrychiopsis lecontei
Neochetina eichhorneae feeding on water hyacinth
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

18. Chemical Control Method
 2,4-D acid: 4.5-6.5 Kg/Ha
 Simazine: 1-3 ppm
 Endothal: 2-5 ppm
 Dichlobenil: 7-9 Kg/Ha
 Paraquat: 0.02Kg/Ha
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

19. Before Using a Chemical
 Identification of the weed
 Restrictions on treated water use
 Dosage of chemicals
 Timing: Late spring
 Temperature
 Retreatment
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com

20. Thanks
For Your Patience
shoaibe58sau@gmail.com