Management of Viruses plants and human animal viruses prevention and cure /contol vaccines chemotherapy

2. • Management of Viruses refers to Control of
Viruses and viral diseases.
• Control; Create unfavorable conditions for virus
(or) break infection chain of viruses.
• Control of Viruses plays a major role to stop the
viral diseases.
• There are different Methods to control viruses in
Plants,Animals&Humans.

3. 1.CULTURAL PRACTICES
3.VECTOR CONTROL
2.SANITATION
4.VACCINES
5.ANTI VIRAL DRUGS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

4. • CULTURAL PRACTICES
• Most of the plant Viruses transmitted
through Insects vectors,vegitative
propagation, Sap transmission,by
seed,Pollens.
•METHODS TO CONTROL PLANT
VIRUSES .
• TRAP CROPS. This is excellent strategy to
divert the insects and pest from primary
crop.
Main Crop Trap crop
1.Cotton Ladies finger,seasame
2.potato,Tomato Marie gold

5. • INTER CROPING;
• Where two or more Crops are
cultivated in the same time in the
field.
• To reduce virus transmission
through one place to another
place
• CROP ROTATION;
• Most of the plant virus are
specific to their host. To avoid
viral diseases changing the crop
variety for season to season also
effective to reduce diseases

6. • MULCHING;
• Mulching is the process of applying
natural (or) artificial layer of plants
residues on the soil surface.
• Like plastic, organic,bio degradable
mulches
• ROGUING(WEEDING)
• Identification and removing of
undesirable (unwanted) plant’s from
fields

7. • FEILDSANITATION;
• Removel of plant debris and infected
plants as soon as possible
• Removel of post harvest debris&
Plowing of fields to expose to sun.
• TRAPS:
• Which are coloured traps having gums
on thier surfaces.
• They attracted insects and attached to
thier surfaces
• TRANSGENIC APPROACHES:
• Developing genetically modified
variations/plants to prevent viral
diseases,

8. • CROSSPROTECTION:
• It is a pre-immunization method of plant
Viruses
• Where a plant is deliberately infected
with mild strain of a virus in order to
protect the plants against the damage.
• CHEMICALS
• A variety of chemicals are available that
have been designed to control plant
diseases by inhibiting the growth of or
by killing the disease-causing Viruses
• Spraying direct to crops

9. SANITATION
• Sanitation is a preventive and strategic method
to help the control the spread of Viruses
• Surface sanitation
• Surface treatment
• Jets&sprays
• UV LED rays
• Ambient treatment
• Fumigation
• Fogging
• Ventilation& sterile condition
•Methods To Control Human And animal Viruses

10. • Chemicals Used In sanitation:
• Alcohol.(ethanol) (isopropanol)
• Chlorine and chlorin compounds. Are used to
disinfect sewage Water and industrial waste
• Formaldehyde.(Commonly used as an industrial
fungicide, germicide, and disinfectant)
• Glutaraldehyde.Used to sterile heat sensitive
equipments like Dialysis tubes
• Hydrogen peroxide.a mild antiseptic used on the
skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes,
and burns
• Iodophors. The disinfection of surfaces in
breweries and dairy industries.
• Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA)
• Peracetic acid.

11. CONTROL OF VECTORS
• In humans& animals some of the viral
diseases transmitted through
Mosquitoes,birds
• Ex.Dengue, chicken gunya ,yellow fewer,zika
• Control of mosquitoes:
• Removel of standing water where
mosquitoes can large located out doors
Cans,bottels,tyres closed Drainage system.
• Use mosquito nets,oils on body to avoid
biting
• Use chemicals, pesticides like pyrethriod

12. • In birds Avian influenza and bird flu
transmitted through aquatic birds to
poultry
• Direct contact with dead birds in
poultry.
• Use proper gloves and sanitise with
alcohol after removel of dead infected
birds in poultry
• In Humans
• Maintain a safe distance and avoid
person to person contact with infected
person.
• Do not touch blood,serum,fluid,siliva of
infected person
• Wear Mask

13. VACCINES
• The vaccine Is biological preparation that provides
active acquire immunity to a particular infectious
disease
• There are several types of vaccines are there
• INACTIVATED VACCINES
• These vaccines used killed version of the virus that
causes a disease.
• Ex.Covaxin for COVID-19, Hepataitis-A
Flu,polio,Rabies vaccines.
• LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE
• This vaccine have live virus but weekend version of
Viruses so that doesn’t cause serious disease.
• Ex.Measles,Mumps,Rubella(MMR Combined
vaccines)

14. • MESSENGER RNA VACCINES
• These are different from traditional vaccines
• Do not expose any real virus instead of making
with mrna.
• Mrna mediate cells to make harmless spike
proteins like virus spike proteins
• Ex.Gemcovac-19 (COVID-19 vaccine)
• TOXOID VACCINES:
• Toxoid vaccines uses toxin(harmful product )
made by the virus that causes a disease.
• That means the immune response is targeted to
the toxin instead of the whole virus.
• Ex.Diptheria,Tetanus (TT)

15. • VIRAL VECTOR VACCINES:
• Viral vector vaccines use a modified version of a
virus (vector) to deliver genitic instructions to body
cells .
• The cells produce harmless viral spikes called
antigens which triggers an immune system in the
body
• If body exposed to the real virus immune System
recognise it and know how to fight.
• Ex.Sputnik And Covishield vaccines (Adeno virus
has vector )

16. • SUBUNIT RECOMBINANT,
POLYSACCHARIDE,AND CONJUAGATE
VACCINES
• This vaccines use a specific piece of
part of the virus like( capsid,
protein,sugars )
• And making specific antibodies.
• Ex.Hepatatis-B,HPV (Human papilloma
virus)
• DNA VACCINES

17. ANTI VIRAL DRUGS AND
CHEMOTHERAPY
• Chemotherapy is medication used for
treating or reduce infection of viral
diseases with help of anti viral drugs.
• Specific anti viral drugs are used for
specific viruses to inhibit virus
replication
• Lower the viral load (amount of active
virus) in the body
• Disease Like HIV doesn’t have vaccine
using antiviral drugs Lowering
Infection of disease.

18. • Commonly used anti viral drugs

19. • REFERENCES
• Book: Introduction to MODERN VIROLOGY BY
N.J.Dimmock A.J.Easton And K.N.Leppard.
• Book:Fenner's Veterinary Virology by N. James
MacLachlan and Edward J. Dubovi (fifth edition 2016)
• Iculturewale.com
• http://nwrm.eu/measure/intercropping
• www.agriculturewale.com
• https://www.who.int
• Www.canr.msu.edu
• www.hhs.gov