2. What are resources?
Any material which is part of earth and satisfy
human need and add value is called as
resource.
Example:rocks,minerals,soil,,rivers,
plants & animal.
Human is a resource because developing his
skill, he can develop other resource by
adding value to the physical material .
3. Value are of 4 kind:
Economic value- production
Legal value-clean air,water(quality)
Aesthetic value- beauty of
nature(forest,mountain,lake)
Ethical value-responsibility to
preserve(natural parks for future)
5. Natural Resource
It is the form of matter/energy which is
available in the earth and get used by
living thing.
Eg:air,water,soil,minerals,fossil-
fuel,wildlife.
7. Renewable Resource
These are those resources which are
renewed/replenished fastly and are not
affected by human activity.
Renewable energy sources are more
commonly used by developed nations.
Example:solar energy,
water
air
biomass
wood
11. Non-Renewable
These are those resources which are not
renewed/replenished and are affected by
human activity.
Over 85% of the energy used in the world is
from non-renewable supplies
Most developed nations are dependent on
non-renewable energy sources such as fossil
fuels (coal and oil) and nuclear power.
Industrialized societies depend on non-
renewable energy sources.
14. COAL
Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the
world with an estimated reserve of one trillion
metric tons.
world's coal reserves exist in Eastern Europe
and Asia considerable in United States .
Coal formed slowly over millions of years
from the buried remains of ancient swamp
plants
16. Types of coal
Coal are formed due to differences in the
pressure and temperature during formation.
Lignite coal.
about 50% carbon , highest water 50%,low
amounts of smog-causing sulfur.
Bituminous coal
about 85% carbon and 3% water
Anthracite coal
almost 100% carbon ,hardest form of coal.
17. Use Of Coal
Coal is used to produce 50% of the
electricity in the United States.
used for heating and cooking in less
developed countries while rural areas of
developed countries.
18. OIL
Crude oil or liquid petroleum, is a fossil
fuel that is refined into many different
energy products
e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel,
heating oil
19. Formation Of Oil
Oil forms underground in rock such as shale,
which is rich in organic materials. Wells are
drilled into these oil reservoirs to remove the
gas and oil.
About 25 percent of the oil recovers during
primary stage
During secondary stage hot water is injected
into the reservoir around the well
This water forces the remaining oil toward the
area of the well from which it can be
recovered
20. Tertiary method is used to recover as
much oil as possible. This involves
pumping steam, carbon dioxide gas or
nitrogen gas into the reservoir to force
the remaining oil toward the well.
21. Availability Of Oil
50 percent of the world's oil is found in
the Middle East
Additional reserves occur in North
America
22. NATURAL GAS
Natural gas is a mixture of gases methane
ethane propane butane.
It is cleanest burning fossil fuel
propane and butane are removed from the
natural gas and made into liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG)
Natural gas is highly flammable and is
odorless
natural gas is used primarily for heating,
cooking, and powering vehicles
methane
23. Most of the world's natural gas reserves
are found in Eastern Europe and the
Middle East
Supply will last an estimated 100 years.
24. OIL SHALE AND TAR
SANDS
Oil shale and tar sands are the least utilized
fossil fuel sources. Oil shale is sedimentary
rock with very fine pores that contain
kerogen, a carbon-based, waxy substance.
If shale is heated to 490º C, the kerogen
vaporizes and can then be condensed as
shale oil, a thick viscous liquid
Tar sand is a type of sedimentary rock that is
impregnated with a very thick crude oil
