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專題報告-以化學過氧沉澱法處理高濃度含硼廢水
指導教授: 黃耀輝教授
摘要:
硼是一個廣泛利用的元素,舉凡玻璃、陶瓷釉料,洗衣用的漂白粉、
洗衣劑,農業所使用的肥料、殺蟲劑,或是 TFT-LCD 廠製程中所使用
的大量硼酸,都有含硼化物的身影。隨著環境意識的抬頭,如何有效的
利用工業減廢技術來處理含硼廢水則成了一個重要的課題。而本專題將
著力於開發能高效處理含硼廢水的技術。
在現有的除硼技術中(混凝沉澱、吸附、逆滲透、電混凝、離子交
換),混凝沉澱法相對易操作且能處理高濃度的含硼廢水。相較於傳統
混凝沉澱法的操作條件需要施加高溫,而本專題所採用的化學過氧沉澱
法(Chemical oxo-precipitation, COP)以雙氧水作為氧化劑,將硼酸氧化為
過硼酸,再加入鹼土金屬族的混凝劑形成過硼酸鹽的汙泥,便能輕易的
在室溫下處理水中的硼。其中以鋇鹽的混凝劑去除率最佳,能將硼濃度
自 1000 mg /L 減至 16 mg/L,達到 98 %以上的去除率。
本專題沿用以上方方法,再加上前處理的步驟,使含硼的溶液在
固定的 pH 下先與雙氧水反應 20 分鐘,後加入含鋇的混凝劑來沉降,同
時改變雙氧水與鋇的加藥量、pH 值來找尋最佳的操作條件。實驗結果
顯示前處理 pHp 最佳區間為 9.5,且除硼效果隨著雙氧水和鋇的加藥量
增加而增加,而佳的操作條件為 H2O2/B=2、Ba/B=0.75、而反應時的
pHp 為 9.5。其效果可使硼濃度在 3 小時內自 1000 mg /L 直接減至 3 mg/L
以下,低於海洋背景值 4.5 mg-B/L。且透過 XRD 晶相分析發現鋇與硼
的沉澱物在 20 分鐘前為非晶質,40 分鐘後轉變為結晶,加上拉曼官能
基分析與成分分析結果顯示,前 20 分鐘時的非晶質沉澱應為
Ba(B(OH)3(OOH))2,四個小時後的結晶沉澱應為 BaB2(OO)2(OH)4。
畢業專題-由 DAPP 衍生之可溶性聚醯胺的合成與鑑定
指導教授: 林建功、黃耀輝教授
共同作者: 蕭碩恩、李敏果、陳盈圓
摘要
聚醯亞胺(PI)具有極佳的熱穩定性、高耐化學藥品性、低介電常數
以及低熱膨脹係數等優異性質,因此從 1990 年後,被以薄膜或塗料的
型態廣泛地應用在半導體工業、精密機械、軟性印刷電路板、液晶顯示
器等電子相關產業。芳香族聚醯亞胺雖然有上述多項優點,但其最大缺
點為不良加工性能,在應用上有許多不便。高分子的加工性通常可分為
熔融加工性與有機溶解性,由於芳香族聚醯亞胺具有高的玻璃轉移溫度
及高的熔點,若以射出成型或擠壓成型等傳統加工技術,則必須加熱到
350℃以上才能進行加工;其次是有機溶解方面,聚醯亞胺很難溶解在一
般有機溶劑,所以在加工應用上有許多限制。
本研究合成含有苯環與羟基之2,6二胺基-4苯基苯酚(DAPP)二胺,
並與 3,3',4,4'-二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)經由熱環化法合成可繞曲性的聚
醯亞胺。因為合有羟基,所以在加工時能夠融於有機溶劑,有效減少熱
環化加熱的限制。透過 H-MNR 和 IR 光譜的分析確定合成出來結構為
DAPP 與 BTDA 環化城的可溶性聚醯亞胺。而利用 TGA 曲線的重量損
失與在不同溫度下環化理論重量損失的比較,判斷此可溶性亞醯胺酸
(PAA)閉環形成亞醯胺(PI)的溫度與閉環形成聚苯噁唑(PBO)的
溫度範圍為何。理論上亞醯胺酸在 300-350℃之間會脫水閉環形成亞醯
胺時,其重量損失約為 3.57%,經由 TGA 曲線證明此產物環化溫度落
在此區間中。而形成聚苯噁唑(PBO)的文獻理論溫度約為 400-450℃,
其閉環脫二氧化碳的重量損失約為 9.05%,經由 TGA 曲線證明 450℃為
此產物開始環化為 PBO 之溫度。

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Undergraduate Projects

  • 1. 專題報告-以化學過氧沉澱法處理高濃度含硼廢水 指導教授: 黃耀輝教授 摘要: 硼是一個廣泛利用的元素,舉凡玻璃、陶瓷釉料,洗衣用的漂白粉、 洗衣劑,農業所使用的肥料、殺蟲劑,或是 TFT-LCD 廠製程中所使用 的大量硼酸,都有含硼化物的身影。隨著環境意識的抬頭,如何有效的 利用工業減廢技術來處理含硼廢水則成了一個重要的課題。而本專題將 著力於開發能高效處理含硼廢水的技術。 在現有的除硼技術中(混凝沉澱、吸附、逆滲透、電混凝、離子交 換),混凝沉澱法相對易操作且能處理高濃度的含硼廢水。相較於傳統 混凝沉澱法的操作條件需要施加高溫,而本專題所採用的化學過氧沉澱 法(Chemical oxo-precipitation, COP)以雙氧水作為氧化劑,將硼酸氧化為 過硼酸,再加入鹼土金屬族的混凝劑形成過硼酸鹽的汙泥,便能輕易的 在室溫下處理水中的硼。其中以鋇鹽的混凝劑去除率最佳,能將硼濃度 自 1000 mg /L 減至 16 mg/L,達到 98 %以上的去除率。 本專題沿用以上方方法,再加上前處理的步驟,使含硼的溶液在 固定的 pH 下先與雙氧水反應 20 分鐘,後加入含鋇的混凝劑來沉降,同 時改變雙氧水與鋇的加藥量、pH 值來找尋最佳的操作條件。實驗結果 顯示前處理 pHp 最佳區間為 9.5,且除硼效果隨著雙氧水和鋇的加藥量 增加而增加,而佳的操作條件為 H2O2/B=2、Ba/B=0.75、而反應時的 pHp 為 9.5。其效果可使硼濃度在 3 小時內自 1000 mg /L 直接減至 3 mg/L 以下,低於海洋背景值 4.5 mg-B/L。且透過 XRD 晶相分析發現鋇與硼 的沉澱物在 20 分鐘前為非晶質,40 分鐘後轉變為結晶,加上拉曼官能 基分析與成分分析結果顯示,前 20 分鐘時的非晶質沉澱應為 Ba(B(OH)3(OOH))2,四個小時後的結晶沉澱應為 BaB2(OO)2(OH)4。
  • 2. 畢業專題-由 DAPP 衍生之可溶性聚醯胺的合成與鑑定 指導教授: 林建功、黃耀輝教授 共同作者: 蕭碩恩、李敏果、陳盈圓 摘要 聚醯亞胺(PI)具有極佳的熱穩定性、高耐化學藥品性、低介電常數 以及低熱膨脹係數等優異性質,因此從 1990 年後,被以薄膜或塗料的 型態廣泛地應用在半導體工業、精密機械、軟性印刷電路板、液晶顯示 器等電子相關產業。芳香族聚醯亞胺雖然有上述多項優點,但其最大缺 點為不良加工性能,在應用上有許多不便。高分子的加工性通常可分為 熔融加工性與有機溶解性,由於芳香族聚醯亞胺具有高的玻璃轉移溫度 及高的熔點,若以射出成型或擠壓成型等傳統加工技術,則必須加熱到 350℃以上才能進行加工;其次是有機溶解方面,聚醯亞胺很難溶解在一 般有機溶劑,所以在加工應用上有許多限制。 本研究合成含有苯環與羟基之2,6二胺基-4苯基苯酚(DAPP)二胺, 並與 3,3',4,4'-二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)經由熱環化法合成可繞曲性的聚 醯亞胺。因為合有羟基,所以在加工時能夠融於有機溶劑,有效減少熱 環化加熱的限制。透過 H-MNR 和 IR 光譜的分析確定合成出來結構為 DAPP 與 BTDA 環化城的可溶性聚醯亞胺。而利用 TGA 曲線的重量損 失與在不同溫度下環化理論重量損失的比較,判斷此可溶性亞醯胺酸 (PAA)閉環形成亞醯胺(PI)的溫度與閉環形成聚苯噁唑(PBO)的 溫度範圍為何。理論上亞醯胺酸在 300-350℃之間會脫水閉環形成亞醯 胺時,其重量損失約為 3.57%,經由 TGA 曲線證明此產物環化溫度落 在此區間中。而形成聚苯噁唑(PBO)的文獻理論溫度約為 400-450℃, 其閉環脫二氧化碳的重量損失約為 9.05%,經由 TGA 曲線證明 450℃為 此產物開始環化為 PBO 之溫度。