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偶氮类污水处理方法介绍
好氧污泥颗粒介绍
计划目标
研究与实验方法
实验结果
结论与未来探讨方向
1
概要
应用于染料污水处
理的好氧污泥颗粒
培养及优化研究
香港科技大学生物工程部
香港科技大学
偶氮类污水处理方法介绍
2
偶氮类污水处理方法介绍 – 偶氮类染料结构
媒介橙
(Mordant Orange 1)
偶氮基
3
偶氮类污水处理方法介绍 – 可能的偶氮类染料污水处理方法
偶氮类染料污水处理方法
物理化学方法
臭氧氧化技术
光化学处理技术
超声波分解处理技术
Fenton 试剂氧化法
吸附脱色技术
絮凝沉淀脱色技术
生物处理方法
生物吸附脱色技术
生物降解技术
高级氧化技术
比较经济和绿色的
污水处理技术
需要昂贵的处理设施或
者化学品
产生大量废渣做成
二次污染
4
CO2, H2O, N2 …
无色,无害
好氧芳香胺类化合物去除
偶氮类污水处理方法介绍 – 传统混合厌氧/好氧活性污泥处理过程
5
传统混合厌氧/好氧活性污泥处理过程
厌氧反应器 大型污泥沉降池
污泥沉降染料脱色 苯胺类化合物去除
好氧反应器
N
N
R1
R2
NH2 R2
R1 NH2
偶氮类染料 芳香胺类化合物
颜色深 无色, 有害
色基来源
厌氧还原脱色处理
处理过程产品
好氧污泥颗粒介绍
6
 好氧污泥颗粒化过程:
 一个微生物通过生物,物理与
化学现象而产生的自我聚合过
程
 在过程中,微生物会聚合成微
生物密度高,沉降速度快的污
泥颗粒。
 污泥颗粒直径由0.2毫米至5毫
米不等
7
好氧污泥颗粒介绍
厌氧菌
8
好氧污泥颗粒介绍 – 在好氧污泥颗粒中的厌氧区域
死菌
多糖
脂质
蛋白质
好氧区域
厌氧区域
厌氧菌 好氧菌
改自: Y. Li, Y. Liu, L. Shen and F. Chen, "DO diffusion profile in aerobic granule and its microbiological implications," Enzyme and
Microbial Technology, pp. 349-354, 2008.
溶
解
氧
含
量
(ppm)
颗粒半径(mm)
9
好氧污泥颗粒介绍 – 与传统活性污泥技术的比较
传统活性污泥技术 好氧污泥颗粒
10
好氧污泥颗粒介绍– 好氧污泥颗粒偶氮染料降解机理
厌氧菌 好氧菌
死菌
多糖
脂质
蛋白质
转移
偶氮类染料
厌氧脱色
芳香胺类
化合物
好氧芳香胺类
化合物去除
无毒的处理过程产品
沉降速度快
计划目标
11
计划目标
• 设计一个可以成功培养及驯化好氧污泥颗粒的方
法
• 展示使用此方法培养的好氧污泥颗粒可以进行同
时的厌氧脱色跟好氧芳香胺类化合物去除反应
• 优化使用污泥颗粒进行染料污水处理的运作环境,
包括:
• 污泥颗粒的颗粒大小;
• 水中饱和溶解氧浓度;
• 污泥颗粒浓度;
• 有机污染物负荷浓度
12
研究与实验方法
13
研究与实验方法 – 实验示意图
14
好氧污泥颗粒的
物理特征测定
形状和大小 颗粒密度
挥发性固体/固体
比率
干重/湿重比率
颗粒大小
颗粒污泥浓度
水中饱和溶解氧
浓度
有机污染物负荷
浓度
颜色浓度
芳香胺类化合物
浓度
化学含氧量浓度
好氧污泥颗粒的培养
与驯化
性能测试
研究与实验方法 – 好氧污泥颗粒的培养 (序批式反应器)
15
研究与实验方法 – 好氧污泥颗粒的培养与驯化
16
研究与实验方法 – 使用同步污泥颗粒化与驯化的好氧污泥颗粒照片
17
研究与实验方法 – 实验示意图
18
好氧污泥颗粒的
物理特征测定
形状和大小 颗粒密度
挥发性固体/固体
比率
干重/湿重比率
颗粒大小
颗粒污泥浓度
水中饱和溶解氧
浓度
有机污染物负荷
浓度
颜色浓度
芳香胺类化合物
浓度
化学含氧量浓度
好氧污泥颗粒的培养
与驯化
性能测试
19
实验结果 –
20
不同大小污泥颗粒的面积平均直径与形状描述
颗粒大小组别
(a)
0.3 – 1.0 mm
(b)
1.0 – 1.7 mm
(c)
1.7 – 2.4 mm
(d)
> 2.4 mm
面积平均直径 0.73±0.22 1.51 ± 0.33 2.42±0.46 4.12±0.93
宽高比 1.69±0.48 1.49±0.38 1.38±0.27 1.30±0.20
圆度 0.63±0.15 0.70±0.14 0.75±0.12 0.79±0.10
好氧污泥颗粒的大小与形状
• 在这实验培养出来的污泥颗粒面积平均直径
由 0.3 至5 毫米不等
• 当颗粒直径越大,宽高比越细,圆度越高;
显示出颗粒越大,颗粒的形状越接近圆形
实验结果 – 物理特征
21
好氧颗粒污泥的物理特征
• 斯托克斯定律 (Stokes Law) 指出, 颗
粒在液体中的沉降速度(V)正比于颗
粒的密度与 (颗粒直径)2
• 实验结果指出,颗粒污泥的民度介乎
于1.01 至 1.04 g/cm3 之间, 与传统
活性污泥的密度相近 (1.01-1.06
g/cm3)
• 由此可见,密度的提高并不是颗
粒污泥沉降比较快的原因。主要
的原因应该是由于其聚合出来的
颗粒直径比较大。
1.0249 1.0174
1.0403 1.0260
0.95
0.90 0.91 0.91
0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0.3 - 1.0 1.0 -1.7 1.7 - 2.4 >2.4
密度(g/cm3);
挥发性固体/固体比率(g/g);
干重/湿重比率(g/g)
污泥颗粒大小(mm)
密度 挥发性固体/固体比率 干重/湿重比率
22
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0.3 - 1.0 1.0 - 1.7 1.7 - 2.4 > 2.4
百分比化学需氧量去除
污泥颗粒大小(毫米)
DO= 0 ppm DO= 1 ppm
DO= 2 ppm DO= 4 ppm
实验结果 – 化学需氧量去除 (COD)
23
在不同颗粒大小与不同水中溶氧
量环境下的百分比化学需氧量去
除
• 水中饱和溶氧量上升, 百分比化学需氧量
去除上升。
• 水中溶氧量的上升能活化比较有效的
细菌的氧相关代谢反应。
• 颗粒大小上升,百分比化学需氧量去除上
升没有明显变化
• 污水中的化学需氧量大部分都来自培
养基,使得化学需氧量的去除效果非
常快;
• 水中溶氧量应该为1ppm以上以达致一个好
的化学需氧量去除效果。
不同大小的污泥颗粒在不同水中饱和溶氧量环境下的染料去除特
征 (▲ 代表整体染料浓度;  代表染料浓度;  代表芳香胺类化合
物浓度)
实验结果 – 染料去除的动力学特征
24
染料去除的动力学特征
整体染料浓度浓度 = 染料浓度 +
总芳香胺类化合物浓度
实际染料比例
• 整体染料浓度浓度可以理解为在污水中除
了最终过程产品以外的所有源自于偶氮类
染料的化合物浓度,包括了染料跟芳香胺
类化合物的浓度;
• 在加入了好氧污泥颗粒之后,染料跟整体
染料浓度均出现了一个突然的下跌,并且
在过程中并没有产生出芳香胺
• 最初的生物吸附脱色反应
• 在此之后脱色反应持续,并产生芳香胺
• 持续的脱色反应是由厌氧还原反应做
成的
• 芳香胺在一开始的生产速度比较快,在实
验后期却静止或者是下跌了
• 证明了芳香胺类化合物被同时的生产
与消耗着
1.7 – 2.4 毫米的污泥颗粒在1ppm的水中饱和溶氧量环境
下的染料去除特征
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 12 24 36 48
浓度(ppm)
时间(小时)
染料 芳香胺类化合物 整体染料
突然下跌
25
实验结果 – 不同大小的污泥颗粒在不同水中饱和溶氧量环境下的百分比染料去除
(a) 0.3 – 1.0 mm; (b) 1.0 – 1.7 mm; (c) 1.7 – 2.4 mm; (d)>
2.4 mm)
不同大小的污泥颗粒在不同水中饱和溶氧量环境下的染
料去除特征 (▲ 代表整体染料去除度;  代表染料去除度
;  代表芳香胺类化合物去除度)
不同大小的污泥颗粒在不同水中饱
和溶氧量环境下的百分比染料去除
• 水中饱和含氧量的提高对百分比颜色去除度有负
面影响,而对百分比总苯胺类化合物去除度有正
面影响
• 基于整体染料去除过程包括了以上两个因素,大
部分污泥颗粒在水中饱和含氧量等于 1 – 2ppm 的
时候整体染料去除成效最好
• 不同的颗粒大小也对生物处理成效有着决定性的
影响。越大的污泥颗粒对水中饱和含氧量的敏感
度越低,生物处理过程的效果比较好和稳定。
结论与未来探讨方向
26
结论与未来探讨方向
27
结论
1. 成功设计了一个可以同时进行污泥颗粒化与驯化的方法;
2. 证明了使用污泥颗粒进行同时的厌氧还原染料脱色反应与好氧苯胺类化合物去除是可行的;
3. 污泥颗粒大小与水中饱和含氧量对使用污泥颗粒做染料污水处理有非常重要的影响,基本
上越大的污泥颗粒的水处理效果越好亦较稳定;而水中饱和含氧量则对污水的色度去除与
总苯胺类化合物去除有相反的影响效果。在顾及整体染料去除下,水中饱和含氧量为
1ppm – 2ppm 的时候污泥颗粒的处理效果最好。同时在这个范围的水中饱和含氧量时,
化学需氧量的去除也是最好的(>80%)
未来探讨方向
1. 使用比较复杂的偶氮类染料,或者是真是的染料污水进行研究;
2. 探讨更多不同运作参数对处理效果的影响
28
研究与实验方法 – 好氧污泥颗粒大小控制
29
研究与实验方法 – 水中饱和溶氧量控制
30

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