Nepalese Short Story Collection Title Translates to "Country of Dreams" Author: Shashi Ram Karkee, Nepalgunj, Nepal

1. afn ;lxb
lht' kN6L/x]sf] lyof] . sf]7fdf Pp6f ;fgf] emofn lyof] . ToxL
emofnaf6 aflx/ a/08fdf an]sf] aTtLsf] pHofnf] p;sf] cfFvfdf
kl//x]sf] lyof] . Pp6f knfli6ssf] af]/fsf] lj:t/fdf cfkmgf] O:6sf]6
k6ofP/ tlsof agfPsf] lyof] . h]7sf] dlxgf, kfgL k/]sf] lyPg . udL{
vkL g;Sg' lyof] . Pp6f ;fgf] emofn afx]s aGb sf]7fdf xfjf rNg]
st} 7fpF lyPg . udL{n] ;f; /f]lsPnf h:tf] x'GYof] . hLpaf6
kl;gfsf] wf/f 5'6bYof] . nfdv'§]x?sf] ayfgn] x/avt uLt ufO/
xGYof] . 3/df x'Fbf p;nfO{ aTtLsf] pHofnf]df lgb|f kb}{gYof] . Pp6f
dfq nfdv'§] st} s/fof] eg] hLp l;l/ªu eP/ ;'Tg ;Sb}gYof]. oxfF
lt s'/fn] p;nfO{ k|efj kfb}{gg . /fte/L hlt nfdv'§]n] 6f]s]klg
p;n] wkfpFb}g . p;sf z/L/ e/L /x]sf lgn8fd / 3fpx?sf]
t'ngfdf nfdv'§]n] 6f]s]sf bfu t yfxf g} x'b}gy] .
p ;fgf] 5Fbf b]lv g} p;sf] cfdfn] ;w}F u'gu'gfpg] Pp6f uLt
lyof], æk"mnsf] y'Fuf au]/ uof] uªufsf] kfgLdf =============Æ eGg] . of]
uLt p;n] /]l8of]df klg w]/} k6s ;'g]sf] lyof] . Hofb} dg kYof]{ .
cfdfn] uLt u'gu'gfpFbf ;fFemdf p;nfO{ t'?Gt lgb|f kl/xfNYof]. of]
uLtsf] w'g g} cgf}7f] lyof] t/ clxn] zfxL ;]gfsf] d]h/sf] sf]7fdf
hj ToxL w'g aHbYof], Tof] w'gn] oxfF cftªs NofpYof], ljklTt
NofpYof] / NofpFYof] ljeT; d[To' . d]h/sf] sf]7fdf hj Tof] w'g
aHbYof], l;kfxLsf a'6x? aHg yfNby] / tL a'6x?sf cfjfh y'g'jfsf]
sf]7flt/ glhlsGy] . clg 9f]sf v'NbYof] / a'6 y'g'jf dWo s'g} Pp6fsf]
z/L/df ah|Gy] . To;nfO{ a'6n] lxsf{pFb} l3;fb}{ d]h/sf] sf]7fdf
nluGYof] . clg ;'? x'GYof] ?jfaf;L, lrTsf/, u8ofªu'8'ª / ufnL unf}
h . s]xL ;do kl5 y'g'jfsf] nf; sxfF 7]ufg nufpg] eg]/ 5nkmn
u/]sf] ;'lgGYof] . s'g} efUodfgL y'g'jf dfq kms]{/ sf]7fdf cfpFYof] .
lht' ;ft lbg klxn] cfkmg} 3/af6 cfdfsf] cufl8af6} lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltdf ad xfg]sf] cf/f]kdf kqmfp k/]sf] lyof]. p cfpFbf

2. klxnf] lbg of] sf]7fdf % hgf y'g'jfx? lyP . To;kl5 k|To]s lbg b'O{
tLghgfsf b/n] ylkPsf ePklg clxn] of] sf]7fdf rf/hgf dfq
y'g'jfx? lyP, p ;d]t . c? y'g'jfx? sxfF uP lht'nfO{ yfxf lyPg
t/ c?n] ;]gfn] df¥of] eGby] . d/]sf] ufOFu'OF xNnf ;'g] klg p;n]
nf; b]v]sf] lyPg .
lht' c;n rl/qsf] 5f]/f] lyof] . p ufpF 8'Ng hfFb}gYof] . ;flyx?
klg w]/} lyPgg p;sf . gf} sIffdf k9bf ;fyLx?af6 ufpFdf
dfcf]jfbL cfpF5g eGg] ;'g]sf] dfq xf] . p;sf] Pp6f efO{ lyof] kfFr
jif{sf] . afa'n] ef/tlt/ uP/ sfd uy]{ / 3/df cfpFbf v]tL kftLdf ;
3fpy] . cfdf 3/sf] ;a} sfd uly{g . v]tLkftL, 5f]/fx?sf] x]/ljrf/,
ufOa:t'sf] kfngkf]if0f pg}n] ub{lyg . sfdaf6 k'm;{b lgsfn]/ k/
fnsf] u'Gb|L a'g]/ a]Rg] klg ub{lyg . rNnf s'v'/f, v;L kf7f a]r]/ 3/
sf] vr{ rnfplyg .
lht'sf a'jf 3/df lyPgg . zfxL ;]gfsf hjfgx? cfP/ s]xL
a'emg' 5, kl5 cfOxfN5 eg]/ p;nfO{ NofPsf lyP . cfdfn] s]xL ?k}
ofF / vfhf lbg vf]Hbf l;kfxLn] s]xL lbg' kb}{g, ;fFemdf kmls{xfN5
eg]/ lng} lbPgg . p;n] b'v]sf] hLp d'l:snn] rnfpFb} sf]N6] kmls{of]
. cfdfnfO{ ;De]m/ cfFvfaf6 tk tk b'O{ yf]kf cfF;' v;fNof] . p clxn]
ufpFs} lzjzlSt dfWolds ljbofnodf sIff bzdf k9bYof] .
k9fO{ w]/} /fd|f] gePklg ;Gtf]if hgs lyof] . 3/sf] sfddf
cfdfnfO{ ;3fpg', efOnfO{ cIf/ l;sfpg' / k9g' p;sf d'Vo sfdx?
lyP .
;}lgs SofDksf] u]6 aflx/ ;Dd NofpFbf p;nfO{ ;Ddfg hgs ?
kdf NofOof] . hj u]6 leq k|j]z u/fOof], p PsfPs dfcf]jfbL
cftªssf/L e}xfNof] . clg alif{g yfn] n67L, a'6 / kfOksf jiff{x? .
clg l3;fb}{ NofP/ oxL sf]7fdf y'lgof] cGo kfFr hgf y'g'jfsf] ;fydf
. pgLx? n'uf RofltPsf, /StfDo 3fpx?n] el/Psf, kx]lnPsf, cfFvf
u8]sf ;f]emf ufpFn] h:tf b]lvg] AolStx? lyP . cfPsf] ;feFm p;nfO{

3. s]xL vfgf lbOPg . /fte/ nfdv'66]x?sf] x'n p8L/x]sf] kmf]x/ sf]7fdf
ef]s} ;'Tbf lgb|f nfUg] s'/} ePg . c? JolStx?nfO{ lbpF;} vfgf
lbO{ ;lsPsf] lyof] . s;};Fu s]xL vfg]s'/f lyPg . /fte/ æk"mnsf]
y'Fuf au]/ uof]=====Æ eGg] uLtsf] w'g w]/} k6s aHof]. w'g aHg ;fy
Ps PshgfnfO{ af]nfOGYof]. Ps 306f es'/]/ NofOGYof] . d]h/sf]
sf]7faf6 k'?if / dlxnfsf] ?jfO{, lrTsf/ / cft{gfbn] 3/sf sf]7fx?
k|ltWjlgt x'Gy] . Ps hgfn] p;nfO{ lj:tf/} lrdf]6]/ eg]–æs]xL
gaf]Ng', w]/} af7f] gaGg', s;}nfO{ gkf]Ng', cfkmgf] 3/sf s'/fx? ;f]w]
kl5 ;To s'/fx? dfq eGg' .Æ
dWo] /ftlt/ dfly xNnfvNnf eof] . …/Ltf d/L, Tof] s]6L ;fx|} /
fd|L lyO{ . s;/L ck/flw sfddf nflu xf]nL < ljr/L d/L Û dbf{ ;Dd
klg Pp6f s'/f eGg] xf]Og, s:tf] tflnd lbPsf] x'Fbf] /x]5 .Ú eGg]
ufOu'O{ s'/fx? ;'lgof] . æTo; s]6LnfO{ Tof] n7]a|f] g]tf k'/]sf] 7fpFdf
nu]/ uf8 .Æ d]h/n] cfb]z u/]sf] ;'lgof] .
w]/}a]/ vnan ePkl5 aftfj/0f zfGt eof] . ljxfg rf/
ah] ;Dd dzfg3f6 h:tf] ;Ggf6f 5fof] . ljxfg rf/ ah] kl5 k]m/L
vnan ;'lgg yfNof] . aflx/ hfg] / leq cfpg] qmd rln/Xof] . kfFr
hgf dWo] b'O{ hgf y'g'jfx? ufoa ePsf lyP .
æpxfFx?nfO{ sxfF nUof] <Æ lht'n] tLghgf dWo Ps
hgfnfO{ ;f]Wof] .
æ/flt g} zfxL ;]gfn] vfof] . b'j} zxLb x'g' eof] . Ps hgfnfO{ t
d}n] aflx/ n}hfg nfu]sf] b]v]“ t/ csf]{nfO{ d¥of] eGg] ufOu'O{ xNnf
dfq ;'g“] . n}hfg nfu]sf] b]lvg . cfh /flt dfq rf/ hgf ;fyLx?
dfl/g' eof] . xfdL klg slt lbg;Dd afFrf}nf / < lbgdf b'O{ lunf;
kfgL / Ps Kn]6 eft dfq lbG5, Ps hgfnfO{ . k|f0f lg:sg klg slt
sl7g x'Fbf] /x]5 < oxfFaf6 aflx/ hfg lbg] xf]Og . w]/} oftgf ef]Ug'

4. eGbf t k|f0f lgl:s uP t /fd|} x'GYof] .Æ Ps hgfn] ;fptL u/] . csf]{
Ps hgfn] r'k nfUg] ;+s]t u/]kl5 k]m/L ;a} r'k nfu] .
lht'n] /fte/ w]/} k6s cfdfnfO{ ;Demof] . p;n] cfdfsf] dfofn'
xft cfkmgf] skfndf d';fl/Psf], cf]9g] s'/f cf]9fO lbPsf], e'mn
ldnfO{ lbPsf], st}af6 cfpFbf sDd/af6 s]xL vfg]s'/f lgsfn]/
lbPsf] ;DemL/Xof] . Tof] /ft To;} s6of] . csf]{ lbg ljxfg !) ah]lt/
ToxL w'g aHof] . p;nfO{ dfly af]nfOof] . dfly uPkl5 ;]gfsf] d]h/
afns[i0f ;f]kmfdf a;]sf] lyof] . p;sf] bfFoflt/ b'O{ hgf ;}lgs hjfg
xftdf P;=Pn=cf/= ;dft]/ plePsf lyP . d]h/ ;}lgs kf]zfsdf
lyof] . p;sf cfFvf ag lj/fnf]sf h:tf lyP . sfg 7'nf lyP / b'j}
cfFvfsf cfFlv ef}F hf]l8Psf lyP . gfssf Kjfnx? 7'nf ePsf]n] p
cgf}7f] hLj h:tf] b]lvGYof] . gfsdf Pp6f sf]7L lyof] . bfFt xfTtLsf
h:tf b]lvGy] . o:tf] dfG5] t dzfg3f6df d'bf{ kf]Ng] sfddf
lgs} ;'xfpYof] xf]nf . oxfF b]zsf] /Iff ug]{ lhDd]jf/L s;/L kfof]xf]nf <
lht'n] dgdf o:t} s'/f ;f]lr/x]sf] lyof] . d]h/n] h'Fuf d';fb}{ ;f]Wof],
æP o'jf sd/]8, slxn]b]lv nfluof] t qmflGtdf <Æ
lht' s]xL af]n]g .
æeg ;fn] Û slxn] b]lv nflu; qmflGtdf <Æ p;sf] d'v / a'6
Ps} rf]6L rn] . a'6sf] rf]6n] lht' 6]a'ndf ahfl/of] . p;sf] 6fpsf]
6]a'nsf] s'gfdf nfu]/ eNeNtL /ut aUg yfNof] . k]m/L csf]{ a'6 ;Fu}
ulh{of] d]h/, æof] b]zdf a;]/ o;} b]znfO{ aaf{b kfg]{ < cftªs k}
mnfpg] < >L % nfO{ ufnL ug]{ < dfG5]sf] xTof ub}{ lx8g] < eg t]/f]
g]tf sf] xf] <Æ
lht' eOdf k5fl/of] . plePsf l;kfxLn] P;=Pn=cf/=sf] gfn
d'vdf /fv]/ ædfl/ lbpm, eG5; sL eGb}g; <Æ eGb} d'vdf gfn sf]lr
lbof] . d'vaf6 klg /ut aUg yfNof] . cl3Nnf] lbg ljxfg vfPsf]
vfgf clxn];Dd s] /xGYof] < k]6df s]xL lyPg . kfgL;Dd klg
lbOPsf] lyPg . lht' lgs} s/fof] . ef]sn] xf] jf rf]6n] <

5. cfdfsf] ;Demgfn] xf] jf d]h/sf] 8/n] < p;nfO{ aGb'ssf] s'Gbf, nf7L,
a'6 cflbn] lk6]/ lynf] lynf] kfl/of] . ToxfF dg]{ s'/fnfO{ 7"nf] dflgb}
gYof] . Ps b'O{ hgf efUodfgL dfq afFRby] . w]/}h;f] oftgfsf] qmddf
db{y] . b]z / hgtfsf] /Iff ug]{ eg]/ hgtfsf] s/af6 kflnPsf] ;]gfn]
hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ xTof ul//x]sf] lyof] . d]h/n] eGof], æn}hf, cfh}
dnf{ < o;sf] cfGb|f e'F8L lgsfn]/ dfq dfg'{ k5{ .Æ
l;kfxLn] lht'nfO{ v'66fn] kN6fP/ pTtfgf] kf¥of] . clg 5ftLdf
5'/Lsf] 6'Kkf]n] 3f]Rof] . lht' e]/L lrTsf/ lgsfNb} lrRofof] .
æ;fnf d/]sf] 5}g .Æ l;kfxLn] eGof] .
l;kfxLn] v'66fn] lxsf{pFb} eGof],æ p7 ÛÆ
lht' crn kl8/Xof] . l;kfxLn] k]m/L æp7 ÛÆ eg]/ a'6n] lxsf{of] .
p7g] zlSt eP kf] p7g] . lht' crn kl8/Xof] . d]h/n] hªuLb}
eGof] æn}hf p7fP/ .Æ
To;kl5 b'O{ hgf l;kfxLn] Ps Ps xft ;dft]/ l3;fb}{ nu]/
y'g'jf sf]7fdf kmofs] . lht' d/]sf] lyPg . dfG5]sf] k|f0f lg:sg w]/}
sl7g x'bf]/x]5 . rfx]sf] a]nf k|f0f lg:sb}g t/ slxn] dg{ 8/ nfu]sf]
a]nf ;lhn} k|f0f lg:sG5 . lht'sf] hLp zL/ b]lv k}tnf;Dd lynf]
lynf] e};s]sf] lyof] . p;n] s'g 7fpFdf b'v]sf] 5}g
eg]/ ;f]Rof] . ;fob bfofF xftsf] a'9L cf}nf b'v]sf] lyPg .
lbge/ lht' p7g ;s]g . To;} kN6L /Xof] . lbp;f] Ps ah]lt/
rf/ hgfnfO{ Ps÷Ps Kn]6 eft / Ps hu kfgL lbOof] . lht'n] kfgL
vfgsf] nflu p7g] k|of; u¥of] t/ ;s]g . c?n] ;xof]u u/]/ kfgL
lkpg lbP . lht'n] eft klg vfg ;s]g . c? ltg hgfn]
vfO{ ;s]kl5 p;nfO{ vfgsf] nflu ;xof]u u/] . lbzf lk;fj ug{sf]
nflu Pp6f Knfli6ssf] afN6L lbOPsf] lyof] . lbzf lk;fan] afN6L el/
bf Ps hgfnfO{ aflx/ lnP/ kmfNg] cg'dtL lbOGYof] . aflx/sf] ;+;f/
s:tf] 5 egL x]g{sf] nflu ;a} hgfn] d hfG5', d hfG5' eGbf /x]5g .

6. To; lbg klg lht' afx]s ltg} hgfn] …d hfg]Ú eGg yfn] . cGtdf
Pshgf afN6L lnP/ uP . l;kfxL kl5 nfUof] .
;ftf}F lbgsf] ;fFem lht' To;} kN6L/x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] v'66fsf]
Pp6f cf}nf efFlrPsf] lyof] . b'O{j6f bfFt klg efFlrPsf
lyP . ;fFemkv Pp6f o'jtL, o'jtL s] egf} aRrLnfO{ NofP/ ToxL
sf]7fdf kmoflsof] . d'l:snn] !$ jif{sL :s'n] s]6LnfO{ n5f/k5f/ kfb{}
;}lgs xjNbf/ s'njL/n] ToxL sf]7fdf kmofSb} eGof]–æo;nfO{ ;a}hgf
ldn]/ kfnf]kfnf] ub{} :jf:gL agfp Û ;'u'/sL aRrL Û dfcf]jfbL aGg] <
t]/f] afa' sxfF 5 eGbf yfxf 5}g eGg] < lsg yfxf 5}g < /ftL yfxf
kfp5]; .Æ
æs]6L lxSs lxSs ub{} /f]O/x]sL lyO . w]/} a]/ kl5 ?g 5f]8]kl5
hLt'n] ;f]Wof] –æltd|f] gfd s] xf] <Æ
ælnnf .Æ p;n] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbO{ .
æs] ltdL ljbofyL{ ;ªu7gdf sfd u5{of}F <Æ
æcx ulb{g . xfd|f] :s'ndf sf]xL cfPsf 5}gg . d cf7 sIffdf
k95' . dnfO{ s]lx yfxf 5}g .Æ
ælogLx?n] lsg NofP ltdLnfO{ <Æ
æd]/f] a'af dfcf]jfbL x'g'x'G5 . pxfF b'O{ jif{ b]lv 3/df cfpg'
ePsf] 5}g . sxfF x'g'x'G5 < s]xL yfxf 5}g .Æ
ædnfO{ klg s]xL yfxf 5}g . t/ ;ft lbg klxn] 3/af6}
dnfO{ NofPsf x'g . NofP b]lv s'6Ls'6L dfg{ yfnL;s] . cf}Fnf klg
efFlrlbP . b'O{j6f bfFt klg efFrL lbP . hLp rnfpg ;lSbg .Æ
ædnfO{ klg w]/} s'6] . ufnL klg u/] . kmf]x/ zAb t slt xf]
slt, ;'Gg klg g;lsg] .Æ lnnfn] lj:tf/} egL .
c? tLg hgf dWo Pp6fn] lj:tf/} eGof] æh] ;f]w] klg w]/}
gaf]Ng' . ;ªu7gsf af/]df ;f]w] eg] yfxf 5}g eGg', 3/sf s'/fx? ;f]w]
eg] ;To;To atfpg' . gfg' ltdL o:tL lgrf]/] b'w cfpnf h:tL 5f} .
oL e'tx?n] sfFr} vfG5g xf]nf . x] b}j Û s] cTofrf/ b]Vg' k¥of] <Æ

7. a'6sf] cfjfh ;'g] kl5 r'k nfUg] Ozf/f u/] ;a}n] .
ev{/ rf}w jif{ k'u]sL uf]/L, kftnf] z/L/ ePsL, snsnfpbf] /fd|f]
cg'xf/ ePsL :s'n] s]6L b]Vbf d]h/sf] dg s] /xGYof] . /ftL s/Lj bz
ah]sf] ;dodf pxL w'g aHof] ækm'nsf] y'Fuf au]/ uof]=======Æ. a'6sf]
cfjfh sf]7flt/ glhlsb} cfof] . 9f]sf v'Nof] . Pp6f l;kfxL
b]vfk¥of] . p;n] eGof] –æP dlxnf sd/]8 Û cfOh d]h/ ;fkn]
af]nfpg' ePsf] 5 .Æ
ægfO d hfGg, clxn] .Æ lnnfn] OGsf/ u/L .
æhfGg;, d]h/ ;fkn] af]nfpFbf hfGg eGg] ;'u'/sL aRrL ÛÆ otL
eGb} xft ;dft]/ l3;fb{} nUof] .
s]xL ;do kl5 ;ª;f/ xNnfpg] rLTsf/ ;'lgof]–æd/] afaf Û d/] Û
dnfO{ arfpgf]; cfdf Û afaf tkfO{ sxfF x'g'x'G5 < tkfOsL Kof/L 5f]/
LnfO{ zfxL ;]gfsf] xflsdn] xTof ug{ nfUbf ;Dd lsg cfpg' x'Gg <
d/] Û d/] Û ========Æ eGg] leqL x[bo b]lv lg:s]sf] cft{gfbn] 3/ k|
ltWjlgt eof] . Ps hgf JolSt s8s]sf] ;'lgof], æd'vdf ?dfn sf]r Û
s] x]/]sf] 5; <Æ
s]xL ;do kl5 cfjfh aGb eof] . jftfj/0fdf cgf}7f] ;Ggf6f
5fof] . ;a}lt/ s'g} k|sf/sf] zAb ;'lgPg . cfh ca ;'Tg kfOg] eof]
eGg] nfUof] ;a}nfO{ .
To;sf] sl/j Ps 306f kl5 pxL w'g aHof] . ;a}sf] d'6'df
cftªs 5fof] . o;j]nf kfnf] cfof] lht'sf] . hLt' dfly k'Ubf lnnf d/
L;s]sL lyO{ . d}nf] tGgfn] u'6'd'6' kf/]/ s'gfdf kmflnPsf] lyof] .
p;sf] ld88Lsf] lgnf] km'sf{ aflx/ lg:s]sf] lyof] . d]h/
afns[i0f ;f]kmfdf a;]/ 6]j'ndf v'66f /fv]/ ysfO{ df/L/x]sf] lyof] .
hLt'n] p;nfO{ ;To xl/ZrGb| 6]nL >[ªvnfdf b]lvg] r08fn h:t}
ePsf] sNKfgf u¥of] . x'g klg To;sf] ?Kf/ªu r08fn;Fu 7fofSs
ldNbYof] . hLt'nfO{ b]Vg ;fy s8s]/ eGof], aGb's k8s] h:t} æP

8. s's'/, eg Û t]/f]] 3/df s'g g]tf cfpF5 < s–s;sf] 3/df a}7s x'G5,
/ftL /ftL <Æ
hLt'n] cfkmgf] clGtd 38L cfPsf] dx;'; u¥of] . s]xL af]n]g .
p;n] ;f]Rof] …Tof] s]6LnfO{ d]h/n] df/L xfNof] . cem o;sf] wf]sf]
k'u]sf] 5}g . d}n] o;sf] s's[To yfxf kfO{ ;s]“ . o;n] dnfO{ cjZo
df5{ . dg'{ dg'{ o;nfO{ klg dfg{ kfP t slt ;Gtf]if x'GYof] . leqaf6
cf}8fx eP/ cfof] . t/ s;/L dfg{] < 3fF6L ;dft' eg] /fFuf]sf] uw{g
hqf] 5 . aGb's 5}g . b'O{j6f l;kfxLx? P;=Pn=cf/= ;dft]/ b'O{lt/
plePsf 5g .
æs] ;f]r]sf] 5; P ;'u'/ <Æ cfjfh ;Fu;Fu} Ps nft lk7o'Fdf
lxsf{of] d]h/n] . p 9'gd'lgb} csf{]lt/sf] ;f]kmfsf] v'66lt/ 9Nof]
5ftLsf] e/df . PsIf0f rf/}lt/ kx]nf] b]lvof] . lj:tf/} cfFvf
vf]Nbf ;f]kmfsf] tn Pp6f /utn] s6sl6Ps]f 5'/L b]Vof] . p;n] xft
tGsfP/ a]xf]; ePsf] clego ub{] 5'/L a];/L ;dfTof] . d'G6f] a6f/]/
d]h]/lt/ x]¥of] . p cfn:o dfGb} kmf]x/ ufnL ub{} ;f]kmfdf c8]; nfu]s}
lyof] . lht'n] hGd e/sf] cfqmf]; / zlSt lgsfNb} ljB't ultn] p7of]
/ d]h/nfO{ emlD6g k'Uof] . d]h/n] udL{ eP/ sldhsf] b'Oj6f a6g
vf]n]/ a;]sf] lyof] . ;Dk"0f{ zlStn] d]h/sf] 5ftLdf 5'/Lsf] df/ k¥of] .
hLt'n] cem} 5'/L 5f]8]g, a? z/L/sf] ;Dk"0f{ ef/ 5'/Ldf kfb{} 5'/L
w:b} /xof] . Pp6f /fIf;L lrTsf/ ;lxt d]h/n] k]:tf]n rnfof] . uf]nL
hLt'sf] k]6sf] jf/kf/ eof] . d]h/ klg 9'gd'lgb} ;f]kmaf6 e'Odf k5fl/
of] . hLt' csf{]lt/ 9Nof] . b'O{hgf l;kfxL cSs g aSs eO{ 6f]nfO /x]
.
lht'n] pHofnf] cg'xf/ nufpb} eGof] æalxgL lnnf Û ltd|f] xTof/
fnfO{ d}n] dfl/lbP“ . ltdL / d cj cGhfgd} zlxb x'g k'u]sf 5f}F .
ltd|f] k|]/0ff gkfPsf] eP of] hNnfbnfO{ d}n] dfg{ ;Sg] lyOg“ .Æ

9. olt eGb} ;Gtf]if k"j{s hLt'n] cfFvf lrlDnof] t/ p;sf] cf]7df
cem} d':sfg b]lvb} lyof] .
;dfKt
-@)^) ;fn rf}/hxf/L, ?s'd_
@= aGwsL
w'nfDd] / vfN6f v'N6L ePsf] sRrL ;8sdf k'/fgf] yf]qf] ;fOsn
u'8fpb} d clkm;af6 3/lt/ hfFb} lyP“ . bz jif{ klxn]
lsg]sf] ;fOsn r'O{r'O{ cfjfh lgsfnL/x]sf] lyof] . ;8sdf u'8]sf
6«ofS6/ / df]6/ ;fOsnn] p8fPsf] w'nf]sf] d':nf] cfFvf, sfg, gfs /
d'vdf kl;/x]sf] lyof] . Ps xftn] ;fOsnsf] Xofl08n ;dfn]/ csf{]
xftn] r'/f]6sf] ;sf{] tfGb} r'/f]6sf] w'Fjfdf ;8ssf] w'nf] lj;{g] c;kmn
k|of; ul//x]sf] lyP“ . clkm;af6 b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ sRrL ;8sdf
uPkl5 s/Lj Ps ;o ld6/ k/ v]tsf] lardf 3/ 5 d]/f] .
…6fonn] 5fPsf] k'/fgf] df6f]sf] 3/sf w]/} 6fonx? km'6L;s]sf
5g . jiff{b ;'? x'g s/Lj b'O{ dlxgf afFsL 5 . kf]x/ ;fnsf] jiff{df
Knfl:6sn] 5f]k]/ sfd rn]sf] xf] . o;kfnfsf] jiff{ 3/n] y]Unf h:tf] 5}
g . 3/af6 d'n ;8s ;Dd cfpg] Ps ;o ld6/ af6f]df klg
jiff{sf] ;dodf kfgL el/P/ sd/ ;Dd cfpF5 . To;df df6f]
eg{ kfP ;lhn} cfjthfjt ug{ ;lsGYof] . ;/sf/n] o;kfnL tnj /
fd|} a9fPsf] lyof] . clxn] 3/sf] 6fon abNg / 3/ cfufl8sf] af6f]df
df6f] xfNg ;lsG5 eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ ahf/ efp o;/L XjfTt}
a9of] ls 3/ rnfpg km]/L klg wf} wf} eof] . klxn] hfu]sf] cfzf lg/
fzfdf ablnof] . k|To]s lbgsf] vr{ TolTts} a9bf] 5 . t/sf/L, rfdn,
lrgL vfg]t]n, d66L t]nsf] efp a9]/ cfsf; 5f]O;Sof] . s;/L afFRg]
< 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ug{] a]nf eO{ ;Sof] . 5f]/fsf] k9fO{sf] vr{ TolTts}

10. dxªuf] 5 . s;/L vr{ wfGg] xfnf < a8f] s7Lg hdfgf cfof] . s;}n]
b'O{ k};f pwf/f] lbb}Fg .Ú o:tf] s'/fx? dgdf v]nfpb} ;fOsn rnfpb}
hfFbf af6f]df sf] sf] e]l6P < df]6/;fOsn, 6«fS6/ sltj6f e]l6P <
af6f] s;/L sf6]/ cfFP < s]xL ;+emgf e}/x]sf] lyPg, PsfPs st}af6
cfPsf] rsf]{ cfjfhn] em;ªu ePF .
æstfjf6 xf], Ps axfb'/ hL <Æ
cfjfh cfPlt/ x]bf{ ljkl/t lbzflt/af6 k}bn lx8]/ d]/f ;fyL
sfnLaxfb'/ cfO/x]sf lyP . k|fylds ljbofno b]lv xfO:s'n ;Dd ;Fu}
k9]sf ;fyL . Ps} jif{ P;=Pn=;L= kf; u/]sf d]/f dLq P;=Pn=;L=
kf; u/]/ k9fO{ 5f]8]sf lyP . s]xL ;do k|fylds ljbofnosf lzIfs
e} 5f]8]/ Jofkf/df nfu]sf lyP . Jofkf/ lju|]kl5 s]xL ;do af}nfP
klg xfn /fhgLltdf nfu]/ ;k|]sf lyP . dgdf v';L nfUof] .
afNosfnsf ;fyL;Fu e]6 eP/ ;'vb'vsf s'/f ug'{ cfˆg} lsl;dsf]
cfgGb x'G5 . lg:jfy{ 3]63f6 x'G5, k'/fgf sIffsf ;xkf7Lx?;Fusf]
e]6 . em6k6 ;fOsnaf6 cf]n]{/ xft ldnfpFb} ;f]w] M
æstfaf6 cfpg' ef] sfnLaxfb'/ hL ÛÆ
b/f];Fu xft ldnfpFb} pgn] eg] æot}lt/ ufpFdf uPsf] lyPF .
b'O{ rf/ 7fpFdf hge]nfx? ul/of] . o:t} ;ªu7g lgdf{0f ub}{ clg
tkfOx? h:tf k'/fgf ;fyLx? vf]Hb} klg lxF8]sf] 5' . df}sfn] e]6 eof] .
cfpg'xf];, lrof k;ndf a;]/ ukm klg u/f}F, lrof klg lkpFm .Æ
dnfO{ klg Hofb} ef]s nfu]sf] lyof] . ljxfg gf} ah] vfPsf] d;'/
f]sf] bfn / eft o; a]nf ;Dd s] l6SYof] < lbp;f] lrof lkpg lg:Sof]
eg] b'O{÷rf/ hgf ;fyLx?nfO{ klg lrof v'jfpg' kb{5 . k|lt sk ;ft
?k}ofFn] klg tL;÷rfln; ?k}ofF t vr{ e}xfN5 . a? b'O{ lunf; kfgLn]
lbg u'hfg{ ;s]kl5 rfln; ?k}ofFsf ds} / e6df; lnof] eg] kfFr
hgfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ gf:tf x'g ;S5 . To;}n] lbpF;f]sf] gf:tf vfg
5f]8]sf] w]/} e};s]sf] lyof] . cfh k'/fgf ;fyLn] Ps lunf; lrof v'jfP
kl5 lsg gvfg] < olt ;f]Rb} pgsf] kl5 nfu“], w]/} k'/fgf] lx/

11. f] ;fOsn 8f]¥ofpFb} . s]xL ;do lx8]kl5 Pp6f ss{6 kftfn] cf]t]sf]
5fk|f]df lrof k;n lyof] . ToxL 5fk|f] leq k:of}F . ;fyLn] k;n
dflnsnfO{ cfb]z u/] æklxn] Ps Ps lunf; lr;f] kfgL, To; kl5
Ps Ps lunf; lrof / b'O{ b'O{ ;df];f lbg'xf]; .Æ
g]kfnuGh gu/sf] glhs} kg]{ Tof] ;fgf] ufpF, udL{ r/d
cj:yfdf lyof] . ss{6 kftf tflnP/ ttfPsf] tfjf h:tf] ePsf] lyof]
. tftf] /fkn] ubf{ a:g d'l:sn lyof] . kl;gf r'xfpFb} s'/fsf]
yfngL ;fyLn] g} u/] .
æ5f]/f5f]/L slt hgf 5g < sxfF k95g < slt slt sIffdf
k9b5g < slt slt pd]/sf 5g < efpHo"sf] dfOtL stf xf]nf <
dfuL ljjfx ls k|]d ljjfx < efpHo"sf bfh'efO{, lbbL alxgLx? slt
slt < ;f;" ;;'/f ;s'zn} < cfdf afa' stf x'g'x'G5 < 3/ slxn]
agfpg' eof] <Æ cflb cflb k|Zgx? ;f]w] . d}n] cg'zfl;t ljbofyL{n]
cfˆgf] lzIfsn] ;f]w]sf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbP h:t} k|Zgsf pTt/ lbFb} uPF
. To; kl5 cfˆgf] klg a]nL lj:tf/ nufP .
æ5f]/f b'O{j6f, 7'nf] 5f]/f cfO{=P= k9]sf], kf6L{sf] ufpF
sldl6 ;b:o, a'xf/L klg kf6L{d} sfd ug]{, sfG5f] 5f]/f !)±@ df k9b}
u/]sf], 3/ agPsf] kfFr jif{ cl3 . rf/ sf]7fsf] kSsL Ps tn], kTgL
hfh/sf]6sL, k|]d u/]/ eufO{ NofPsf] 7s'/LsL 5f]/L cflb cflb eg]
kl5 pgsf l5d]sLn] /S;L lkP/ ug]{ u/]sf] xNnf, csf{ l5d]sLsL
>LdtL k/k'?if;Fu ;Ns]sf] s'/f, pg} l5d]sLsL 5f]/Lsf] c;kmn k|]d /
5f]/fsf] 8«u vfg] afgLÆ cflb s'/fx? u/] .
s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf xfdLn] lrof / ;df];f vfO{ ;s]sf lyof}F .
dLqn] k]m/L lrof dufP . pgn] cfˆgf] :jf:Yosf] s'/f, 3/ Jojxf/sf
s'/f, 5f]/f5f]/L, kTgL, kxf8sf] 3/, l5d]sL ;a}sf s'/f u/]kl5 /
fhgLltsf s'/f lgsfn] . clxn] gofF g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf hgtfsf]
7'nf] e"ldsf /x]sf]n] tkfO{sf] ;xof]usf] cfjZostf 5, tkfO{ xfdL b]z
/ hgtfsf ;d:ofx? a'emg] dfG5]x? b]z / hgtfsf] nflu hLpHofgn]

12. nfUg' k5{ eg] . pgsf s'/f 6'ªlug] s]xL st} nIf0f lyPg . k"j{sf]
hfkfg b]lv blIf0f clk|msf;Dd, O/fs / ckmuflg:tfg ;d:of, sf]l/
og k|folåksf] ;d:of, kmsNof08 6fk', dWok"j{sf] hfu/0f cfGbf]ng,
kn{ xfj/ 6fk'sf] ;d:of cflbsf] ljifodf atfP . xfnsf] dxfzlSt /
fi6« cd]l/sf cfpFbf] krf; jif{ leq c;kmn /fi6«df ktg x'g] /
To;j]nf ef/t, rLg / blIf0f clk|msf dxfzlSt /fi6«df kl/jt{g e}
ljZj lqw|'jLo x'g] k|jn ;Defjgf JoSt u/] .
dnfO{ crDd nfUof] . slt w]/} s'/fx? hfg]sf xf]nfg d]/f
dLqn] . ;fob ljZjsf 7'nf 7'nf g]tfg] klg olt hfg]sf 5}gg xf]nf .
pgsf] cufl8 d t ;fx|} c1fgL 7xl/P, ev{/ cIf/ lrGg yfn]sf]
afns h:tf] . cfk"mnfO{ t 3/ Jojxf/ s;/L rnfpg] eGg] s'/f ;f]Rb}
df slxNo} k'm;{b} ePg . cfh w]/} s'/f l;Sg klg kfOof], lrof klg
vfOof] . dg dgdf ;Gtf]if} nfu]sf] lyof] . lgs} hftL dflg; nfUof] .
ljbofno 5'6]kl5 o;/L ;Fu} a;]/ s'/fsfgL ul/Psf] lyPg .
ldqsf] s'/f 6'ªlubf ;fFemsf] ;ft ahL ;s]sf] lyof] . lrof k;n]
klg lbSs ePsf] lyof] xf]nf, k6s k6s x]b{Yof] . ltg ltg sk lrof /
rf/ rf/j6f ;df];f vfO;lsPsf] lyof] . d]/f] klg 3/df h?/L sfd
lyof], rfF8} hfg'kg]{, aNn kf] ;lDemg k'u“] . d]/f ldq sfnLaxfb'/ p7]/
;a} h]jx? 5fd]/ k};f /fv]sf] kz{ t stf v;]5, dnfO{ Ifdf
ug'{xf]nf . cfhnfO{ lrof gf:tfsf] k};f tkfO{n] ltg'{xf]nf . k]m/L s'g}
lbg d lt/f}Fnf . n t d uP“ eGb} xft ldnfP/ aflx/ lgl:sP clg
km6fkm6 lxFl8 klg xfn] .
d}n] s]xL eGg] ;do g} kfOg . pgL uPsf] lt/ x]l//x“] dfq .
lrof gf:tfsf] /sd aof;L ?k}ofF ePsf] /x]5 . cfk"m;Fu s]jn rfln;
?k}ofF dfq lyof] . ToxL rfln; ?k}ofF lgsfn]/ k;n]nfO{ lbFb} ljGtL u/]
æ;fx'hL, d ;Fu clxn] olt dfq 5, of] lng'xf]; . afFsL k};f ef]nL
cflkm; hfFbf lbg]5' .Æ

13. ;fx'n] hªlub} eGof] æk};f gx'g] dfG5]n] tLg÷tLg sk lrof /
rf/ rf/ j6f ;df];f lsg vfg] < Ps÷Ps sk lrof vfP x'Fb}gYof] <
xf]6ndf a;]/ tLg 306f;Dd lsrlsr s'/f ug]{, c? klg u|fxs
cfpF5g, 7fpF 5f]8g'k5{ eGg] s'/f klg g;f]Rg] . clxn] k};f 5}g eGg] <
v'?Ss k};f lgsfNgf]; .Æ
d}n] k]m/L cg'go u/] æ;fyLn] lrof vfpF eg] . cfk}m k};f b]nfg
eGg] ;f]r]“ . k'/fgf ;Fu} k9]sf ;fyL;Fu e]6 ePkl5 lrof lkpg hfp“
eGbf hfGg s;/L eGg] < pgn] o:tf] Jojxf/ unf{g eg]/ ;f]Flrg . d]/
f] ToxL uNtL eof] . d j]dfg ug]{ dfG5] xf]Og . cfh;Dd s;}sf]
Ps ;'Ssf 7u]sf] 5}g . a? Ps 5fs ef]s} a;]sf] 5' . tkfOsf] k};f
ltg]{5' . dnfO{ hfg lbg'xf]; .Æ
p;n] dfg]g . b]jL b]jtfsf] gfddf s;d vfFbf klg 5f]8]g .
cGtdf aofln; ?k}ofFsf] nflu cfˆgf] bz jif{ b]lv r9b} cfPsf] k'/fgf]
lx/f] ;fOsn aGwsL /fv]/ sl7g kfOnf rfNb} 3/lt/ nfu]F .
@)^* df3
$= cfj/0f
ev{/} alKtid kfPsf gj lqmlZrogx?n] rr{sf] xn el/e/fp
lyof] . h]i7 dlxgfsf] udL{n] g]kfnuGh zx/sf] a;kfs{sf] glhs} /x]sf]
To; xnsf] 5t tftf] eP/ kªvfx?n] tftf] xfjf kmfln/x]sf lyP . ;a}
sf] hLpaf6 tktk kl;gf r'lx/x]sf] lyof] t/ eSthgx? udL{sf] kjf{x
gu/L k|jrg ;'Ggdf dUg lyP dfgf} k/d]Zj/sf] k|tfkn] pgLx?
nfO{ udL{af6 arfPsf] xf]; . lxpF h:tf] ;]tf] kf]zfsdf kmfb/ OGb|
s'df/ ;flRrs} b]jb"t h:t} b]lvPsf lyP . pgsf] cg'xf/ wkSs
an]sf] lyof] . pgn] o;/L k|jrg lbO /x]sf lyP dfgf}F pgL k|e'
O{z' ;Fu a;]/ ;a} s'/f cfk}mn] k|ToIf b]v]sf lyP . pgL elg/x]sf lyP

14. æofO/; gfp u/]sf ;ef3/sf zf;sn] cfkmgL PSnL 5f]/L
dg{ nfu]sf]n] cfˆgf] 3/df uO lbgsf nflu k|e' O{z'nfO{ ljlGt ul/ /
x]sf lyP . To;}j]nf Pshgf JolSt cfP/ eGof] k|e'nfO{ si6 lbg' kb}{g
lsgls s]6L d/L ;s]sL 5] . k|e'n] eGg' eof], g8/fp s]an ljZjf;
u/, Tof] lgsf] x'g]5 . ofO/;sf] 3/df uP/ k|e"n] d/]sL s]6Lsf]
xft ;dft]/ eGg' eof] …d]/L 5f]/L p7 .Ú To;sf] k|f0f kmSof]{ / Tof] t'?
Gt} p7L .Æ
kmfb/n] s;/L k|e' O{z'n] s'i6 /f]u nfu]sf] dflg;sf] /f]u lgsf]
kfg'{ eof], s;/L kIff3ft ePsf] JolStnfO{ lgsf] kfg'{ eof], s;/L
ljwjfsf] d]/]sf] 5f]/fnfO{ lhjLt agfpg' eof] eGg] s'/f lgs}
efjk"0f{ tl/sfn] atfP . …pxfF d/]sf] tLg lbgdf k]m/L ljptg' eof] .
pxfF k/dfTd k/d]Zj/sf k'q ePsf]n] pxfF hLljt gbL x'g' x'G5 .Ú
pgn] eg] . pgsf] k|jrgn] dflg;x? dGqd'Uw x'Gy] . afFs] lhNnf e/L
O{zfO wd{ dfGg] dflg;x?sf] ;ªVof al9 /x]sf] lyof] . rr{df k|fy{gf
ug{ cfpg] dflg;x? lbg lbg} al9 /x]sf lyP . …kmfb/ OGb| s'df/
rdTsf/L 5g, pgL cfsfzdf p8g ;S5g, cGt/Wofg x'g ;S5g,
pgn] 5f]P kl5 h:tf] ;'s} /f]u klg lgsf] x'G5Ú eGy] dflg;x? .
cfh eGbf bz jif{ cl3 lqmlZrog wd{ ckgfPsf OGb| s'df/
zdf{n] cfhef]nL zdf{ n]Vg 5f]8]sf lyP . pgsf] ;lqmotfdf w]/}
7fpFdf ehg d08nLx? :yfkgf ePsf lyP . k|To]s zlgjf/ ehg
d08nLdf hfg', gofF JolStx?nfO{ jlKtidf lbP/ lqmlZrog wd{df k|
j]z u/fpg', gofF gofF ehg d08nLx? :yfkgf ug'{, lqmlZrog wd{df
k|j]z u/]sf JolStx?nfO{ ljleGg ;xof]ux? h'6fpg' pgsf sfo{x?
lyP . bz jif{d} pgsf] cWoog, wd{ k|ltsf] lgi7f, cfbz{ rl/q,
OdfGbfl/tf, dfgj ;]jf, lgZkIftf, lqmoflzntf h:tf u'0fx?n]
ubf{ pgsf] b]z leq 7'nf] rrf{ rn]sf] lyof] . pgnfO{ ;flRrs} k|e' O{z'
klg eGg yfn]sf lyP, sltn] .

15. skf; h:t} ;]tf] kf]zfs nufP/ ;8sdf lxF8bf dflg;x?
>bwfn] lz/ e'msfpFy] . pgsf] kfpdf k/]/ k|e' bof ug'{xf]; eGby] .
kmfb/ klg b'j} xftn] eStnfO{ ;dft]/ p7fpFy] / eGy] æafa' zfGt
xf]pm, k/d]Zj/n] ;a} s'/f 7Ls ug'{x'G5 .Æ
pgL /ftf] 6Lsf nufpg', d'tL{ k"hf ug'{, cfkmGtx? dbf{ h'7f]
afg'{, lsl/of ug'{, b;}F ltxf/ h:tf] rf8kj{x? dgfpg' 7"nf]
kfk ;DemGy], To;}n] lxGb' wd{ dfGg] cfkmgf cfdf afa' / cfkmGtsxfF
hfb}gy] . lxGb'x?;Fu ;DaGw /fVg' eg]sf] ;}tfgnfO{ v';L kfg'{ xf] eGy]
pgL . pgsf] k|jrg nuftf/ rln/x]sf] lyof] . pgn] elg/x]sf lyP
æO{zfk"j{ $))$ df k/d]Zj/n] o; a|Xdf08sf] /rgf ug'{eof] .
hLjhGt'x?sf] /rgf ug'{eof] . cfbd eGg] klxnf] dfgjsf] lgdf{0f
ug'{ eof] clg cfbdsf] b]a|] s/ªuaf6 xAaf eGg] :qLsf] klg /rgf
ug'{eof] . b'j}nfO{ :ju{sf] au}rf O8gdf 5f]l8lbg' eof] .==============
cflb cflb .Æ
ækmfb/, xfd|f] lj1fg k9fpg] ;/n] t k[YjLsf] pTklTt ePsf] rf/
c/a ;f7L s/f]8 jif{ eof] eGg'x'G5 .Æ Ps hgf s]6fn] p7]/ eGof] .
;a} eSthgx?n] s]6fnfO{ ufnL u/] . …k|e'sf] s'/f sf6g' x'Fb}g,
k/d]Zj/n] b08 lbg'x'G5 . pxfF k/d]Zj/sf b"t x'g'x'G5 . ltdLnfO{ s]
yfxf < a9L hfGg] gxf]pÚ eg]/ r'k nfUg eg] .
s]6fsf] gfd ljdn lyof] . sf/sfFbf] lt/ 3/ lyof] . wDaf]emL pRr
df=lj=df sIff ( df k9Yof] . sIffdf ;w}F k|yd x'g] ub{Yof] . p;n]
kmfb/sf] s'/f ljZjf; ug{ ;s]g . k/d]Zj/n] dflg; agfpg' eof] eg]
lsg lj1fg k9fpg] ;/n] dflg;sf] ljsf; afFb/af6 ePsf] lyof]
eg]sf xf]nfg < p;n] cfkmgf] v'Nb'nL d]6fpg km]/L h'?Ss p7]/ s/fof]
ækmfb/ dflg; t afFb/af6 ljsf; ePsf] xf]Og / <Æ
kmfb/n] s]6flt/ cf}nf b]vfpb} eg] æafOandf n]v]sf] s'/f sxL
em'6f] x'G5 < oxfF ;}tfgn] cfkmgf] b"t k7fPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ aflx/
k7fpg'xf]; . gq eg] xfdL ;a}nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] cjZo b08 lbg'x'g]5 .Æ

16. b'O{hgf alnof JolStn] s]6fnfO{ l3Rofpb} aflx/ lgsfln lbP .
kmfb/sf] k|jrg rln g} /xof] .
ljdnnfO{ lsg xf] kmfb/ OGb|s'df/sf] s'/fdf ljZjf; nflu/x]sf]
lyPg . d/]sf] JolSt km]/L ljplemg ;S5 eGg] s'/f afOandf sxfF
n]v]sf] xf]nf < To:tf] em'6f] s'/f . olt w]/} dflg;x? em'6f] s'/f ;'g]/
klg k|Zg lsg ub{}gg < pN6} k|Zg ;f]Wg] dfG5]nfO{ ufnL u5{g . s]
crDd xf] < p;n] kmfb/;Fu Pp6f afOan dfu]/ k9g] ljrf/ u¥of] .
p ;fFemkv kmfb/sf] cfjf;df uof] . kmfb/sf] cfjf; rr{ eGbf s]xL
k/ sDkfp08 ;lxtsf] 7"nf] b'O{tn] 3/df lyof] . ToxfF dfG5]sf]
cfjthfjt eO/xGYof] . leq k:bf kl/ro kq b]vfpg' kYof]{ . ;fFem
cf7 ah] b]lv ljxfg kfFr ah];Dd s;}nfO{ klg leq k|j]z ug{ lbOb}
gYof] . ljdn ;fFem kfFr ah] lt/ ToxfF hfFbf u]6kfn]n] leq k:g lbPg
. p sDkfp08sf] rf/}lt/ 3'Dbf 3/sf] k5fl8 k66L kvf{nsf] cf8df
Pp6f cfFksf] ?v lyof] . ToxL ?vsf] ;xf/faf6 kvf{ndf r9]/ leq
s'bof] . aflx/ sf]xL dfG5] lyPg . leq sf]7fdf eg] dflg; af]n]sf],
xfF;]sf] ;'lgGYof] . Pp6f sf]7fdf leq dflg; af]n]sf] ;'g]/ 9f]sf 9s
9s kf¥of] t/ s;}n] 9f]sf vf]n]g . emofnaf6 leq x]bf{ cfkmg} sIffsL
Pp6L s]6L kmfb/;Fu a;]sf] b]Vof] . p km]/L 9f]sf 9s9s kfg{ yfNof] .
kmfb/ OGbs'df/ aflx/ lg:s]/ æsf] xf] <Æ egL s/fP .
æxh"/ d afOan dfUg cfPsf], ljdn .Æ p;n] eGof] .
kmfb/ s8lsg yfn] æ8]le8, cf] 8]le8 Û of] stfaf6 cfof] < s]
x]5f}{ ltdLx? <Æ
Pp6f cUnf], sfnf] dflg; cfP/ ljdnnfO{ Ps yKk8 nufof],
clg n5f/ k5f/ kfb{} u]6aflx/ lgsfNof] . kfn]nfO{ ufnL u¥of] . kfn]n]
cfkm'n] of] s]6fnfO{ klxn] g} k:g glbPsf] eGof] . ljdnnfO{ ca b]vf
kl/; eg] lhpFbf] hfFb}g; eg]/ r]tfjgL lbof] .

17. ef]lnkN6 :s'n uPkl5 ljdnn] Tof] s]6LnfO{ PsfGtdf
af]nfP/ ;f]Wof]–æsdnf, ltdL, lxhf] ;fFem kmfb/sf] cfjf;df uPsL
lyof} <Æ
æcxF, uPsL lyOg, lsg / <Æ
ædnfO{ afOan rflxPsf] lyof], ltdL ToxfF hfg] eP km]/L hfFbf
NofOlbGYof} ls eg]/ .Æ
æxf]Og , d ToxfF lsg hfg] < uPsL lyOg .Æ
b'a} sIffdf uP . ljdnnfO{ kmfb/k|lt emg ;+sf nfUg yfNof] .
kmfb/sf] ultljlw dfly lgu/fgL /fVg yfNof] . kmfb/ Tolt 7'nf] 3/df
a:5g . aflx/ lg:sbf sf/df lg:sG5g . 7'nf7'nf dflg; ;Fu pgsf]
lrghfg, p7a; 5 . pgsf] cl3kl5 ;w}F dflg;x?sf] eL8 x'G5 .
lhNnfsf 7'nf7'nf g]tf, xflsdx? klg pgL b]lv 8/fpF5g . of] dflg;
olt zlStzfnL s;/L eof] < crDd lyof] . kf]k j]g]l8S6;Fu l;w}
pgsf] 6]lnkmf]g aftf{ x'G5 eGy] dflg;x? .
kmfb/n] s'g} dflg;nfO{ b'v kbf{ e]6 u5{g, cfly{s ;xof]u klg
u5{g . sf]xL lj/fdL kbf{ lgz'Ns cf}iflw pkrf/ ug{], xl:k6n k'¥ofpg]
/ yk pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ u5{g . c88f cbfntdf s'g} ;d:of
k¥of] eg] dflg;x? kmfb/ OGb|s'df/nfO{ u'xfg{ k'U5g . pgsf] Pp6f
kmf]gsf] e/df sfd x'G5 . o;/L o; If]qdf pgL otL nf]sk|Lo ePsf
lyP ls pgsf] lj?4 af]Ng] dflg;nfO{ c?x?n] Hofg} lng j]/ nfpb}
gy] . ljdn aRrf ePsf]n] ar]sf] lyof] . 3/3/df pgsf] :jf:Yosf]
sfdgf x'GYof], k|fy{gf x'GYof] . cGo wd{sf dflg;x? wd{ kl/jt{g ul//
x]sf lyP .
dflg;sf 3/3/df, ul/asf e'mkl8x?df, hxfF klg kmfb/ OGb|
s'df/nfO{ b]Vg ;lsGYof] . s'i6/f]u / 6L=aL=sf lj/fdLx?sf
nflu ;Nnfx lbg] / c:ktfn k'¥ofpg ;xof]u ug{] Ph]G6x? ufpF
ufpFdf lyP . dfgf} g]kfn uGh gu/ / o;sf j/k/sf ufpFx?df k|e'
Oz'sf] k'gh{Gd ePsf] 5 . pgnfO{ dflg;x? k/d]Zj/s} cjtf/ dfGg

18. yfn]sf lyP . ufpF3/df hfFbf dflg;x? pgsf] kfpdf 3f]K6f] k/]/
cflzjf{b dfUy] . kmfb/sf] ;]jf efjaf6 ;a} a'blwhLjL, kqsf/,
sd{rf/L, k|zf;sx?, g]tfx?, lzIfs, Jofkf/L cfZro{rlst lyP . of]
gu/df pgn] u/]]sf] dfgj;]jf ljZjs} gd"gf ag]sf] lyof] . pgn]
lqml:rog wd{ dfGg] JolStx?nfO{ yk k|lzIf0fsf nflu o'/f]k / cd]l/
sf k7fpg] uy{] . sltnfO{ ljleGg b]zdf /f]huf/Ldf klg nufPsf lyP
. tL ;a}sf] ljj/0f lyof], pgL;Fu . Tof] ljj/0f k|jrgsf] ;dodf
pbfx/0fsf ?kdf JoSt ub{y] . To:tf] dxfg JolStaf6 s]xL uNtL,
sdhf]/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f s;n] ljZjf; ug{ ;S5 < k/d]Zj/n] a?
slxn]sfFxL s]xL g/fd|f] unf{g t/ kmfb/sf] xftaf6 s;}sf] s'enf] x'Fb}g
/ x'g]5}g eGg] s'/fdf dflg;x?df k"0f{ ljZjf; lyof] .
zlgjf/sf] lbg lyof] . kmfb/ OGb| s'df/ rr{df e]nf ePsf
eStx?sf] cfufl8 lxpF emF} 6lNsg] ;]tf] jZqdf dGrdf plePsf lyP ,
dfgf}F ;fIfft k/d]Zj/ g} :ju{af6 cf]n]{sf x'g . pgsf] skfn / bf/
Lh'ªuf sfnf / nfdf lyP . r:dfsf] dflyaf6 x]/]sf lyP . cUnf] /
ul7nf] vfOnfUbf] z/L/ lyof] . pgsf] k5fl8sf] leTtfdf O{zfdl;xsf]
qm;df 6fluPsf] 7"nf] tl:j/ em'l08Psf] lyof] . pgL k|lzIf0f lbO/x]sf
lyP, æk|e' Oz'n] eGg'eof] …x]/ d rfF8} cfpFb}5', d]/f] Ogfd dl;t 5 /
d k|To]snfO{ p;n] u/]sf] sfdcg';f/ lbg]5' . d cNkmf / cf]d]uf 5' .
d bfpbsf] d"n / ;Gtfg, clg ljxfgsf] rlDsnf] tf/f 5' . d hLljt
gbL x'F, h;n] hLljt gbLsf] kfgL lkp5, p km]/L ltvf{pg' kg{] 5}g .
To;}n] tkfO{x? ;a}n] k|e'sf] ;'–;dfrf/ k|To]s JolStsf] 3/df
k'¥ofpg'xf]; , tkfO{x? ;a} OZj/sf] /fHodf k|j]z kfpg' x'g]5 .Æ
;a}n] cfldg cfldg eg] .
k|jrg ;'Gg ljdn klg uPsf] lyof] . k|jrg ;lsPkl5 ;a} cf–
cfkmgf] 3/lt/ nfu] . ljdn glhs} cDafsf] af]6df r9]sf] lyof] .
kmfb/ ;aeGbf kl5 sf/df cfP . ljdnn] piff eGg] csL{ s]6L sf/df
kmfb/;Fu a;]/ hfFb} u/]sf] b]Vof] . ef]nL kN6 piffnfO{ e]6]/ eGof]–

19. æpiff, s] ltdL lxhf] rr{df uPsL lyof} .Æ
æuPsL lyP“, lsg <Æ
æk|jrg ;lsPkl5 sxfF uof} <Æ
æ3/lt/ uPsL lyP“ .Æ
æltdLnfO{ d}n] kmfb/;Fu sf/df uPsf] b]v]sf] lyP . xf] ls xf]Og,
g9f6L eg t ÛÆ
ægx'g] s'/f gu/ . d sxfF kmfb/;Fu hfg] <Æ
b'a} 3/lt/ nfu] . ljdnn] slxn] sf], slxn] sf] w]/} slnnf
s]6Lx? kmfb/sf] sf/df a;]/ uPsf] b]Vg] ub{Yof] . of] s'/f c?
NffO{ eGbf s;}n] jf:tf ub{}gy] . kmfb/;Fu sf]xL hfFb}df g/fd|f] ;f]Rg
klg ;lsb}gYof] . pgsf] ;a}df bofb[li6 ;dfg lyof] . s]6Lx?
NffO{ ;f]Wof] eg] kmfb/;Fu uPsf] s'/f eGb}gy] . ljdnnfO{ eg] kmfb/ k|
lt c;fWo ;ªsf nfUg] ub{Yof] . t/ s] ug{] < s;}nfO{ egf} eg] k|
e'nfO{ b'j{rg af]n]sf] eg]/ s'6]/ df5{g dflg;x? . afFs] lhNnfsf
ljleGg 7fpFx?af6 s]6Lx? x/fPsf] ;dfrf/ cfpFYof] . k'ln;sxfF l/kf]6{
btf{ x'GYof] . k'ln;n] cg';Gwfg ub{Yof] t/ x/fPsf s]6Lx? km]nf
kfg{ ;Sb}gYof] . s]xL lbgkl5 Tof] s'/f x/fpFb} hfGYof] . kqsf/x?n]
tL s'/fx? lj;{Gy] . o:t}df Pslbg sdnf eGg] s]6L x/fPsf] xNnf
eof] . Tof] sxfF uO{ s;}n] yfxf kfPg . k'ln;sxfF l/kf]6{ btf{ eof] .
k'ln;n] s]xL lbg vf]Hof], km]nf kf/]g . of] s'/f s]xL lbgkl5 TolTts}
x/fof] t/ s]6L eg] ;w}Fsf] nflu x/fO{ .
oL s'/fx?df kmfb/sf] g} xft 5 eGg]df ljdnnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] .
c? dflg;x? eg] c? g} s]6L a]Rg] lu/f]x 5 egL ljZjf; ub{y] . Tof]
lu/f]x ef/tLox?sf] xf]nf elg ;a} ef/tLo d"nsf JolStx?;Fu
ql;t /xGy]F . ljdnn] k'gM Ps k6s piffnO{ e]6]/ s'/f ug{] ljrf/
u¥of] . Ps lbg piffnfO{{ eGof]], æpiff ltdL g9f6L eg t, ltdL Tof]
lbg kmfb/sf] ufl8df uPsL lyof} ls lyOgf} <Æ

20. piffn] l/;fpb} egL, æljdn ltdL af}Nffpg t nfu}gf} < d sxfF
kmfb/sf] uf8Ldf hfg] < of] s'/f kmfb/sxfF k'Uof] eg] pxfFn] s] ;f]Rg'
xf]nf < c? dflg;n] ltdLnfO{ afFsL /fVg] 5}gg . pxfF h:tf] b]jtfnfO{
;ªsf ug{] < ca b]lv o:tf] s'/f gu/ d l;t . d ;xGg a'emof} <Æ
ljdn ghjfkm eof] . p;nfO{ cfkmg} cfFvfsf] bf]if xf]nf, e|d
k/]sf] xf]nf eGg] nfUof] . t/ sdnf stf x/fO{ < of] s'/f kTtf nufpg
dg nfUof] p;nfO{ . cfhef]ln ljdnnfO{ oxL s'/fn] vfO/x]sf] lyof] .
k9g klg dg nfUb}gYof] . Tof] yfOs6 skfn ePsL uf]/L /
snsnfpbL sdnf eGg] s]6Lsf] cg'xf/ p;sf] cfFvfdf gfFRg yfNbYof]
. ;w}F sIffdf bf];|f] a]Grdf a:g] uyL{ . slxn] sfFxL ul0ftsf k|Zgx?
ljdn;Fu ;f]Wg] ub{YoL . kmfb/sf] sf]7fdf p;n] b]v]sf] ;fFRr} h:tf]
nfUof] t/ e|d eP h:tf] klg nfUof] . To;/L st} hfg] pd]/ klg
ePsf] lyPg . rl/q klg t To:tf] lyPg . p;n] kmfb/nfO{ g} zªsf
ug{ nfUof] .
p;n] dlxgf} k|of; ubf{ aNn tLg hgf ljZjf;
ug{ ;lsg] ;fyLx? agfof] . tL tLghgfdf p;s} sIffsf xl/, lzj, /
cd/ lyP . tL tLghgf Ps lbg ;fFem kv ahf/af6 3/lt/ cfpFb}
ubf{ b'Ohgf s]6Lx? kmfb/sf] ufl8af6 cf]n{]sf] b]v]F, h;df
Pshgf /]vf gfdsL cd/sL dg kg{] ;fyL lyO{ . of] s'/f
ljdnnfO{ eGg' k5{ eg]/ ljdnsxfF uP . ljdnn] w]/} k6s o:t} 36gf
b]v]sf] x'gn] rf/hgfdf ldqtf eof] . rf/} hgfn] kmfb/sf] lrof] rrf{]
ug{] lgwf] u/] .
Ps lbg ;fFem kv k'gM piffnfO{ kmfb/sf] uf8Laf6 cf]ln{b} u/]sf]
b]Vof], ljdnn] . Tof] ;]tf] af]n]/f] uf8L ;lhn} lrGg ;lsGYof] . uf8L
kms{]kl5 piff km6fkm6 3/lt/ xflgO{ . ljdnn] bf}l8b} uP/ piffsf] af6f]
5]Sof] / s8f :j/df eGof]–æpiff, ltdL cfh daf6 kG5]/ hfg ;lSbgf}
. nf} eg ltdL sxfFaf6 cfof} <Æ
æd hxfFaf6 cfpF, ltdLnfO{ s] rf;f] <Æ

21. ædnfO{{ rf;f] 5, rfF8} eg .Æ
æd]/f] af]6f] 5f]8, d s/fO{ lbG5' .Æ
æd klg ;a};Fu s/fpFb} lx85', piff kmfb/;Fu ;w}F 3'Dg hfG5]
eg]/ .Æ
æltdL;Fu s] k|df0f 5 < ltd|f] s'/f s;n] kTofpF5 <Æ
æd}n] ev{/ kmfb/sf] uf8Laf6 cf]n{]sf] b]v]F, oxL xf] k|
df0f . ;a};Fu eGb} lx8of] eg] s;}n] cj:o kTofpnf .Æ
piff l;lyn eO{ . g/d eP/ egL –æljdn emu8f gu/, clxn]
dnfO{ l9nf eO;Sof], 3/ hfg b]p . d csf{] lbg ltdL;Fu s'/f u?
Fnf .Æ
æTo;f] eG5of} eg] d klg dfG5' .Æ ljdnn] olt eGb} af6f]
5f]l8lbof] .
To;sf] b'O lbg kl5 PsfGtdf ljdnnfO{ e]6]/ piffn] egL–æx]/
ljdn, dnfO{ 7"nf] cK7]/f]df kfb{}5f} . d Tof] lbg kmfb/sf] cfjf;af6}
cfPsL lyP“ . of] s'/f s;}nfO{ gegL b]p x} . gq eg] ca kmfb/n]
dnfO{ slxn] klg ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] 5}g .Æ
ækmfb/n] ltdLNfO{ s] ;xof]u u/]sf 5g / <Æ
æw]/} ;xof]u ug'{ x'G5 k|e'n] . d lj/fdL x'Fbf k6s k6s d]/f] 3/
df uP/ cf}iflw pkrf/ u/fpg' eof] . k|To]s k6s k};fsf] cfjZos
kbf{ d ToxfF hfG5' . pxfFn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]u ug'{x'G5 .
pxfFaf6 w]/}n] ;xof]u kfPsf 5g . Tof] lbg klg d}n] sk8f lsGgsf
nflu s]xL /sd dfu]sL lyP“ . pxfFsf] cfb]z 5 ls of] s'/f s;}
nfO{ eGg' x'Fb}g . eg]sf] yfxf ePdf csf{] k6s ;xof]u ug{'x'g] 5}g .Æ
æltdLn] clxn] ;Dd sltk6s ?k}of kfof}F < hDdf slt /sd
eof] <Æ
æcf}iflw pkrf/, cGo ;xof]u u/]/ kGw| aL; xhf/ ;Dd eof]
xf]nf .Æ

22. æof] s'/f ltd|f] 3/df yfxf 5 <Æ
æ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 .Æ
ækmfb/n] af]nfP kl5 hfG5of} ls cfkmF} hfG5of}F <Æ
æclxn] ;Dd d cfkm}F uPsL 5' . pxfF 3/d} cfP/ klg ;xof]u
ug'{ x'G5 . t/ cfpFbf] zlgjf/ ;fFem pxfFn] dnfO{ af]nfpg' ePsf] 5 .
Tof] s'/f klg s;}nfO{ geGg] cfb]z 5 .Æ
æx]/ piff, w]/} s]6Lx? x/fPsf 5g . sdnf x/fP b]lv d w]/} b'MvL
5' . sdnfnfO{ kmfb/sf] cfjf;df b]v]sf] lyPF d}n] . ;f]w]sf] klg lyPF .
p;n] xf]Og eg]/ 6f/]sL lyO{ . t/ To;sf] b'O{ dlxgf leq Tof] x/fO{ .
ltdLnfO{ klg kmfb/n] a]rL b]nfg . zlgjf/ uPkl5 3/df eg]/ hfp,
ToxfF /ftL gj;, ufl8df /fv]/ ?k}l8xflt/ lng yfNof] eg] hfGg eg]/
3/ kms{ ,Æ
æpxfF h:tf] b]jtfaf6 To:tf] sfd x'g} ;Sb}g . ltdLn] To:tf]
zªsf gu/ .Æ
olt s'/f ePkl5 b'a} cf–cfkmgf] 3/lt/ nfu] . ljdnn] cfkmgf
ltg}hgf ;fyL;Fu of] s'/f eGof] . Tof] zlgjf/ s] ug{] eg]/ 5nkmn u/]
. rf/}hgfn] zlgjf/ ;fFem kmfb/sf] cfjf;sf] lgu/fgL ug{] lgwf] u/] .
lglZrt lbg cfPkl5 rf/}hgf ;fyLx? ;fFem kfFr ah]lt/ kmfb/
sf] cfjf;lt/ hfg] af6f]df kg{] lrofk;n, skfn sf6g] 7fpF h'Ttf
6fNg] 7fpF, ljleGg axfgf ub{] 6xNg yfn], s;}n] zªsf gug{] u/L .
kfFr ah]b]lv s]6Lx? cfpg yfn] . ;fFem ;Dd /]vf, piff nufot *
hgf s]6Lx?, sf]xL k}bn, sf]xL uf8Ldf cfO;s]ssf lyP . u]6af6
s]6Lx? leq uPsf] b]v] t/ aflx/ sf]xL klg cfPgg . cl3kl5 /
ftkg'{ cl3 g} s]6Lx?nfO{ 3/df k'¥ofpg] ul/Gyf] t/ cfh /ft
kbf{ ;Dd s'g} klg s]6L aflx/ lg:s]sf] b]lvPg . ljdnn] tLghgf
s]6fx?nfO{ ToxL lgu/fgL ug{ 5f]8]/ k|x/L sfof{nodf uof] . k|x/L
sfof{nodf b]v]sf] ;a} s'/f atfpFbf klg pN6} p;nfO{ ufln u/]/
k7fOof] .

23. ljdn kms]{/ k]ml/ ;fyLx? ePsf] 7fpFdf uof] . /ftsf] bz
ah]lt/ Pp6f uf8L cfP/ kmfb/sf] cfjf; leq k|j]z u¥of] . ljdn
glhs}sf] cfFksf] ?vdf r9of] . uf8Laf6 $ hgf x66fs66f JolStx?
lgl:sP . tL dflg;x?n] s]xL af]/fx? uf8Ldf /fVg nfu] . ljdn k]m/L
bf}8]/ k|x/L sfof{no uof] . p;n] kmfb/sf] cfjf;df rf]/x? k|j]z
u/]sf] atfof] . Tof] ;'g]kl5 xtf/ xtf/ k|x/Lx? Totf nfu] .
k|x/L 6f]nL kmfb/sf] cfjf;df k'Ubf uf8L u]6af6 aflx/ lg:sg}
nfu]sf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] uf8L /f]s]/ To;df /x]sf JolStx?
nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnof] . kmfb/sf] cfjf;nfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]/f
xfln ;lsPsf] lyof] . uf8Ldf vfgtnf;L ubf{ kfFr af]/f r/; / a]xf];
kfl/Psf * hgf s]6Lx? e]l6P . ltgLx?nfO{ xl:k6n n}hfg] Joj:yf
ul/of] . aNn kmfb/ OGb| s'df/nfO{ of] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L eof] . p;n] k|
x/Lx?nfO{ …ljgf sf/0f lsg cfPsf] egLÚ s8lsof] .
…tkfO{sf] 3/df rf]/ k;]sf] eGg] va/ kfP/ cfPsf] t/ oxfF cs}
{ s'/f e]l6Psf]n] tkfO{sf] cfjf; vfgtnf;L lng' kg]{ eof]Ú egL k|x/Ln]
hfgsf/L u/fof] .
kmfb/n] /f]Sbf /f]Sb} k|x/L 6f]nL leq k:of] . leq cfjf;sf] vfg tnf;L
ubf{ s]xL r/;sf kfs]6x?, a|fpg ;'u/sf] Ps af]/f, cfOdfO{sf
kf]zfsx?, ljleGg sfuhkqx? k'ln;n] hkmt u¥of] . To;df ljleGg
ck/fwL ;d"xsf kmf]g gDa/x?, dxTTjk"0f{ uf]Ko ;"rgfx? k|fKt eP .
Tof] 3/ wd{sf] cfj/0fdf dfgj t:s/L / nfu' cf}iflwsf] s]Gb| /x]sf] k|
dfl0ft eof] . kmfb/ OGb|s'df/ ;lxt ;ft JolSt k|qmfp k/] . b'O{ j6f
uf8L, tLgj6f df]6/ ;fOsnx? klg k|x/Ln] hkmt u¥of] .
%= ;l/tfsf] ljx]
æ;l/tf, P ;l/tf ÛÆ

24. æxh'/ j'jf ÛÆ
æotf cfOh t gfgL Û tF ;Fu Pp6f ;Nnfx ug'{ 5 .Æ
æx'G5 a'jf, eGg'xf]; g Û s] s'/f xf] <Æ
æx]/ gfgL tF ca klRr; jif{ k'lu ;ls; Û t]/f] ljjfx ug]{ pd]/
hfg nflu ;Sof] . t]/f] lbbLsf] aLz jif{s} pd]/df ljjfx ePsf] lyof] .
t]/f] k9fO klg ;lsO ;Sof] . lzIfs ePsf] klg tLg jif{ k'Ug
nflu;Sof] . hfGg] a'emg] t}F 5]; . ca t hf]/L kf/Ln] klg a'9L sGof
eGg yfnL ;s]F . tLg jif{ b]lv t]/f] pd]/ afO; jif{ eGb} cfPsf] 5' .
ljjfxsf nflu x]g{ cfPsf w]/} hgfnfO{ kmsf{O xfln; . ca To;f] gu/
5f]/L, xfdLn] t]/} nflu eg]sf xf}F . s] 5 t]/f] ljrf/ <ls laafx g} gu/
L a:g] dg 5 t]/f] <Æ ;]tL/fdn] eg] .
;l/tfn] udnfdf /x]sf] u'nfkmsf] k'mnlt/ x]b}{ elgg–æa'jf, ljjfx
g} gug]{ ljrf/ t xf]Og d]/f] . ;+;f/sf] /Llt cg';f/ g} rNg] ljrf/ 5
d]/f] klg t/ o;df s]xL kl/jt{g eg] cfpFg} kb{5 . ljjfx ug]{ eGb}df
cfk"mnfO{ dg} gkg]{, ljrf/df d]n} gvfg], cfkmgf] dgn] gvfPsf]
dfG5]l;t s;/L hfg' < k'/fgf] ;8]un]sf] ljrf/ af]s]sf, hf]O{l6ªu|] /
gfdb{x?;Fu ljjfx ug'{eGbf ljjfx gu/L a:g' g} /fd|f] xf]nf eG7fG5' d
. d k9]n]v]sL 5', cfkmgf] v'66fdf pleg ;Sg] Ifdtf 5, ddf . z/L/
df s'g} vf]6 5}g . d lsg nq]/ a;' < d tkfO{x?sf] af]em aGg] 5}g .
a? a'9];sfndf tkfO{x?sf] ;xf/f aGg] 5' . ljjfx gub}{df s] x'G5 / <
c?n] s] eG5g eGg] eGbf klg d 7Ls 7fpFdf 5' sL 5}g eg]/ ;f]Rg' /
fd|f] nfU5 dnfO{ . cfk'm 7Ls 7fpFdf plePsf] 5' eg] c?n] h] eg] klg
s] km/s knf{ / <Æ
5f]/Lsf] skfn d';fb{} ;]tL/fdn] eg]–æltdLx? b'O{j6L 5f]/L xfd|f
b'O{ cfFvfsf gfgLx? xf} . t]/f] lbbL ljjfx u/]/ uPkl5 of] 3/sf] bLof]
tF g} xf]; . tgePkl5 xfdL s;/L a;f}Fnf eg]/ clxn] g} dg lk8fn]
56k6fpF5 t/ Tof] eg]/ t]/f] hLjg ljufg{ x'Fb}g xfdLn] . ca t}n]

25. ljjfx ug'{k5{ 5f]/L . cfh Pp6f /fd|f] 3/fgsf] k9]n]v]sf] s]6f
tFnfO{ x]g{ cfpFb}5 . eg t s] u/f}F <Æ
æ7Ls} 5, xh'/n] af]nfPsf] dfG5]nfO{ d}n] /f]Sg x'Fb}g . p;sf] ;a}
afgL Jojxf/ / ;f]rfO{ s] 5 < Tof] a'em]/ lg0f{o u/f}nf .Æ ;l/tfn]
elgg .
;]tL/fd ?s'd lhNnfsf] klZrddf kg{] rf}/hxf/Lsf :yfoL
afl;Gbf x'g . pgsf k'vf{x? k"jL{ kxf8af6 otf cfPsf] * k':tf
ljlt;s]sf] 5 . e]/L gbLsf] lsgf/df a;]sf] &)) x]S6/sf] of] a];Ldf
3gfj:tL 5 . oxfF wfg, ux'F, sf]bf] h:tf afnLx? /fd|f] kmNg] x'Fbf w]/}
klxnf b]lv dflg;sf] a;f]af; x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ;]tL/fdsf afa' ul/a
ls;fg lyP . pgsf 5 ;Gtfg dWo] pgL bf];|f] ;Gtfg x'g . ;]tL /
fdsf Ps bfh', b'O{ efO{ / b'O{ alxgLx? ;a} ul/a g} 5g . ;]lt /fdsf]
ljjfx c7f/ jif{s} pd]/df kbdf;Fu ePsf] lyof] . cfkmgf] s8f d]xgt
/ kl/>dn] ubf{ pgnfO{ vfgf, nfpg / 5f]/Lx?sf] lzIffdf ;d:of
k/]g . h]7L 5f]/L zfGtf :6fkm g;{ k9]/ hflu/] 5g . ljjfx eP/
b'O{ 5f]/fsL cfdf ePsL 5g . sfG5L 5f]/L ;l/tf :gfts tx k'/f u/]/
ufpFs} dfWolds ljbofnodf lzIfs 5g . ;]lt/fdsf] kl/jf/ ;'lv 5 .
b'O{ 5f]/Lx? hGdg ;fy ;]lt/fdn] kl/jf/ lgof]hg u/]sf lyP .
To;j]nf ufpFdf ;a}n] pgnfO{ ck'tf] / gfdb{ eg]/ luHofPsf lyP .
3/df b'O{j6f e};L, Ps xn uf]?, rf/j6f afv|fx? 5g . kz'x? kfNg] /
v]tL kftLsf] sfd ;]lt/fd / kbdfn] cfkmF} u5{g . hfh/sf]6 hfg]
d'naf6f]sf] k"j{k66L blIf0f d"n 9f]sf ePsf] ltg tn] 3/ 5 . 3/
k5fl8 uf]7 5 . 3/sf] tnlt/ s]/f, cDaf, gf:klt cflb kmnkm'nsf]
au}Frf 5 . kbdf cUnL, uf]/L ;'Gb/ dlxnf x'g . pgL d]xgtL, klt k/
fog, eb| / c;n zLn :jefj ePsL ;f]emL / OdfGbf/ 5g . 5f]/Lx?
df pgsf w]/} u'0fx? b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;]lt/fd ul7nf] hLpF8fn ePsf
s8f d]xgt ug{ ;Sg] lg8/ / OdfGbf/ dflg; x'g .

26. 3/ cufl8 ;kmf cfFug, km'nsf udnfx? / a:gsf nflu a]Grx?
/flvPsf 5g . 3/sf] ;kmfO{ ug{], vfgkLg tof/ ug{] / kfx'gfx?
sf] :jfut ug{] sfd ;l/tfn] ul5{g .
;Nofg sfnfufpFsf s[i0fsfGt ;DkGg kl/jf/sf a|fXd0f x'g .
pgsf] 3/df s'g} s'/fsf] sdL 5}g . v]tL kftLsf] sfd, vfgkLg,
s'6fg lk;fg, ;/;kmfO{, j:t'efp kfNg] cflb sfdx? ;a} gf]s/ rfs/
n] g} u5{g . s[i0f sfGt cfkm}F hhdfgL u5{g . cfkm' k'/ftgjfbL
ePklg pRr lzIff xfl;n u/]sf pgsf 5f]/f5f]/L cfw'lgs 5g .
logsf h]7f 5f]/f nlIdsfGt g]kfnL ljifodf :gftsf]Tt/ k'/f u/L
a'9flgn s07 :s'ndf lzIf0f u5{g . pgL eGbf kl5sf Ps efO{ / b'O{
alxgLx? klg :gftsf]Tt/ ;Ddsf] lzIff k|fKt ul/ sfddf nfu]sf
5g . lt; jif{ k'uL;s]sf nlId sfGtsf] cem} ljjfx ePsf] 5}g .
pgn] ljjfx gu/L efO{ alxgLsf] kfnf] cfpFb}g . pgL kfFr lkm6 bz
OGr cUnf, uf]/f, /fd|f] lhp8fn ePsf, ld7f] af]ln jrg ePsf
zfGt, ;'lzn / ulDe/ 5g . pgnfO{ dgk/fpg] s]6Lx?sf] sdL 5}g .
pgL w]/} 7fpFdf s]6L x]g{ uP t/ s;}nfO{ dg k/fPgg . ;a}df s]xL g
s]xL vf]6 b]vfpFb} tls{G5g . log} nIdLsfGt sf7df8f}F d} ;l/
tfnfO{ b]Vg k'U5g / dg k/fpF5g . s'/f ug{] cj;/ gldn]sf]n] ljbfdf
3/ cfPsf] df}sf kf/L ;l/tfnfO{ dfUg cfkm}F s]6Lsf] 3/df k'U5g .
ufpFdf hGd]sL ;l/tf zx/sf ;Eo s]6Lx? eGbf ;'Gb/ 5g .
cUnL, kftnL, uf]/L, ldn]sf bfFt, xl/0fsf h:tf cfFvf, ldn]sf] zf/Ll/
s agf}6 ePsL ;l/tfnfO{ cK;/f;Fu bfHg ;lsGYof] . pgnfO{ b]Vbf
d'U3 gx'g] sf]xL lyPgg . cfh lgnf] ;f/L / Anfphdf pgL cK;/f
eGbf /fd|L b]lvPsL lyOg . If]qL kl/jf/sL oL afnfnfO{ b]Vbf
nIdLsfGt 6f]nfpFg yfN5g .cfˆgf] hft ljif{G5g . x'g t nIdLsfGt
klg sfnf] k}G6 / ;]tf] ;6{, 6fO{ / sfnf] r:ddf b]jfgGb h:t} b]lvPsf
lyP . pgsf] ;fydf pgsf :s'n k9bfsf ;fyL s0f{lj/ /fgf 5g . /
fgf cUnf] / df]6f] z/L/ ePsf, y]Krf] gfs / aflx/ lg:s]sf] bfFtn] s'?

27. k b]lvPsf 5g . cg'xf/ uf]/f] eP klg ebbf 5 . b'a} hgfnfO{ a/
08fdf a;fOG5 . ;l/tfsf af, cfdf / ;l/tf klg ToxL a:5g .
lrof lkpFb} s'/fsf] yfngL ;f]tL/fdn] g} u5{g . pgn]
nIdLsfGtsf cfdfafa', efO alxgL, 3/kl/jf/, v]tLkftL, k9fO tyf
hflu/ cflbsf] af/]df ;f]W5g / cfkmg]f klg atfpF5g . ;a} kl/ro
kfPkl5 eG5g æafa', 5f]/L oxL xf] b]lvxfNg' eof] . xfdL If]qL, xh'/ a|
Xd0f . kl5 g/fd|f] x'g' eGbf klxn] g} ;a}s'/f v'n:t x'g'kb{5 . o;df
afa'sf] s] alrf/ 5 <Æ
nIdLsfGtn] eg]–æcfhef]nLsf] hdfgfdf hftkftn] s]xL km/s
kb{}g . d}n] ;a}s'/f klxn] g} yfxf kfP/ ;f]r ljrf/ u/L cfPsf] 5' .
dnfO{ dg k/]/ g} oxfF;Fu s'/fug{ cfPF . d]/f af–cfdf s]xL k/Dk/
fjfbL x'g'x'G5 . ;l/tfnfO{ dGh'/ 5 eg] d cbftnd} ljjfx ug{ klg
tof/ 5' .Æ
;]tL/fdn] 5f]/Llt/ kms{]/ eg]–æ5f]/L s] 5 t t]/f] ljrf/ <Æ
æa'jf, ljjfx eGg] s'/f hLjg ljtfpg] s'/f xf] . hLjg w]/} nfdf]
5 . To;}n]] efjgf ldNg] dflg;;Fu g} ;DaGw ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . To;}n]
d]/f] dgdf nfu]sf s]xL s'/fx? :ki6 kfg'{ kb{5, pxfFn] . clg dfq
ljjfxsf] s'/f x'g ;S5 .Æ ;l/tfn] elgg .
nIdLsfGtn] ;l/tf lt/ Ps6sn] x]b{} eg] –ætL s'/fx? s] s] x'g
< lgw{Ss;Fu ;f]Wg ;Sg'x'G5 .Æ
æxh'/n] cfkmgf] hLjg s;/L ljtfpg rfxg' x'G5 <Æ ;l/tfn] k|
Zg ul/g .
nIdLsfGtn] d':sfg ;fy eg]–æoL sl7g k|Zgx?sf] pTt/ lbg'
sl7g g} x'g]5 . of] k|Zg ;'Gbf dnfO{ nfUof], odgsf /fhs'df/
xfltdnfO{ ;d|f6sf ;ft k|Zgx? log} xf]nfg . t/ d w}o{tfk"j{s
cfkmgf] pTt/ lbg]5' .
d g]kfnL ;flxTodf :gftsf]Tt/ tx plTt0f{ u/L
a'9flgnsi7 :s'ndf g]kfnL k9fpFb} 5' . d ;a}nfO{ dfof u5'{ .

28. zflGtk"0f{ hLjg rfxG5' . ;dfhdf /x]sf] s'l/ltx?, cGwljZjf;x?
x6]/ hfpg eGg] OR5f /fVb5' . k'vf{b]]lv rnLcfPsf ;sf/fTds kIfdf
ljZjf; /fVb5' . ;/n hLjg, ;fbf vfgkfg / /fd|f] :jf:Yo
rfxG5' . ;a};Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw rfxG5' . sf7df8f}Fdf Pp6f /fd|f] 3/,
lzlIft / ;'zLn kTgL, b'O{ 5f]/f Ps 5f]/L ePsf] ;'vL kl/jf/, oxL g}
d]/f] hLjgsf] nIf /x]sf] 5 .Æ
;]lt/fdn] 5f]/Lsf] skfndf xftn] d';fb{} eg]–æs:tf] /fd|f] ljrf/ .
wgL kl/jf/df hGd] klg ;fx|} pTtd ;f]rfO{ /x]5, pxfFsf] .Æ
; l / t f n ] b f ] > f ] k | Z g u l / g – æ d u l 0 f t s L
ljbofyL{ ePklg ;flxTodf /fd|f] ?rL /fVb5' . k"jL{o /
kfZrfTo ;flxTodf xh'/nfO{ dg kg{] s'/fx? s] s] x'g <Æ
æd g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ljbofyL{ ePsf]n] ljZj ;flxTosf] Tolt w]/}
cWoog 5}g . g]kfnL ;flxTodf efg'eStsf] elStefj, n]vgfysf]
cfbz{ / afns[i0f ;dsf] ju{ ;dGjosf] efjgf dnfO{ dg
k5{ . ;fdflhs ;ª/rgf eTsfpg], hftLhftL lardf km'6 Nofpg],
xTof lx+;fnfO{ k|]l/t ug{], c/fhs ;flxTo dnfO{ dg kb{}g .Æ
nIdLsfGtsf] pTt/ lyof] .
æolb n]vs aGg' eof] eg] s] s] s'/fx? n]V5' eGg] nfU5, xh'/
nfO{ <Æ ;l/tfn] t]>f] k|Zg ul/g .
nIdLsfGtn] cWof/f] cg'xf/ nfpFb} eg]–ædnfO{ n]vs aGg] dg 5}
g, lsgls k|foM n]vsx?sf] kfl/jfl/s hLjg b'Mvk"0f{ x'G5 .Æ
;l/tfn] lg0f{o ;'gfOg–ædnfO{ dfkm ug'{xf]nf . d xh'/;Fu ljjfx
ug{ ;lSbg . d]/f] clGtd lg0f{o oxL xf] .Æ
olt eGb} ;l/tf leqlt/ nflug . b'a} kfx'gfx?nfO{ ef/L dgn]
ljbf u/]kl5 ;]lt/fd bDklTt 5f]/Lsf] sf]7fdf uP . 5f]/Lsf]
skfn ;'D;'DofpFb} kbdfn] elgg–ægfgL t}n] /fd|f] ul/g; . Tolt hflt

29. dfG5] l;t ljjfx gug{] ePkl5 ljjfx sf];Fu xf]nf < xfdL lgs}
lrlGtt 5f}F, 5f]/L .Æ
;l/tfn] cfdfsf] 5ftLdf d'v n'sfpFb} elgg–æcfdf, tkfO{nfO{ s]
yfxf, p;sf] ld7f] af]nLdf slt ljiffn' s'/fx? lyP < lrGtf gug'{xf];
cfdf, d tkfO{;Fu x'Fbf tkfOsf] cfFvfdf cfFz' cfpFg lbg]5}g .Æ
-@_
hLjg clj/n aUg] gbL h:t} xf] . xfd|f] OR5f gxF'bf klg hLjg
rln/x]sf] x'G5 . of] cufl8 a9b} hfG5 . ;l/tf lbpF;f] ljbofno
hflGyg . ;fFem laxfg 3/sf] sfd sfhdf cfdf afa'nfO{ ;
3fpFlyg . ;fFemlt/ Ps b'O{ ;d"x ljbofyL{x? 6o';g k9g cfpFy] .
slxn] sflxF km';{b lgsfn]/ ufpFsf lbbL alxgLx?, sfsf
sfsLx?;Fu ;'v b'Mvsf s'/fx?, :jf:Yo ;DaGwL, lzIff ;DaGwL s'/
fx? uly{g . afn clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/, dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL s'/
fx?sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFlyg . dflg;x? wgL / ul/j s;/L x'G5g /
dflg;x? lsg ;w}F ul/jLdf afFrL/xG5g eGg] s'/f k|i6 kfly{g .
ljbofnodf klg pbfx/0f of]Uo lzIfs lyOg . /fd|f];Fu a'emfP/
k9fpg], ldNbf] pbfx/0f lbg], z}lIfs ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{], :ki6 / ld7f]
cfjfhdf af]Ng] x'gn] ljbofyL{x? pgnfO{ lgs} dg k/fpFy] .
ljbofnosf] x/]s sfo{qmddf pgsf] v6]/ sfd ug{] jfgL
lyof] . ;/;kmfO, cltl/St lqmofsnfk, ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd, z}lIfs e|
d0f ;a} 7fpFdf pgL ;lqmotfk"j{s sfo{ uly{g . ljbofyL{x?sf] sdnf]
dl:tisdf r]tgfsf] lbof] jfnL lblGyg, pgL . o;/L ;do ljlt/x]sf]
lyof] . nIdLsfGt 3/df cfPsf] Ps dlxgf ljt]kl5 Pslbg ;l/tfsf]
gfddf x'nfsaf6 Pp6f lr67L cfof] . k7fpg]sf] gfd lyPg . lr67L
kmfnL lbpFsL h:tf] nfUof] pgnfO{ . s] ;f]r]/ xf] emf]nfdf xflng .
ljbofno 5'66L ePkl5 3/df cfP/ lr67L vf]n]/ x]l/g . lr67L lgDg
cg';f/sf] lyof] .
;l/tf ld;,

30. …;fb/ clejfbgÚ
dnfO{ ;Gr} 5 . xh'/sf] dftflktf / sf]dn ufyfdf ;bf ;j{bf
cf/fd} xf]cf]; eGg] sfdgf 5, d]/f] . w]/} lbgb]lv d]/f] dg cl:y/ 5 .
lgb|f gk/]sf] klg w]/} eof] . kq n]v' eGbf klg ;ªsf]r dfg]/ xft
sfKby] . cfF6 cfpFb}gYof] . w]/} k6s kq n]v]/ Roft]/ klg kmfn“] .
cfh hGd]b]lvsf] ;xf; a6'n]/ of] kq n]Vg] hdsf{] u/]sf] 5' . o;sf]
nflu Ifdf rfxG5' .
;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] d}n] cfh;Dd xh'/ h:tL ;'Gb/ s]6L b]v]s}
lyOg . dflg; otL ;'Gb/ x'G5 eGg] s'/f d}n] ;f]r]sf] klg lyOg . uf]/f]
/ nfDrf] cg'xf/, OGb]gL ;dfg cfFvL ef}F, df]lt ;dfg bfFt, nfn cw/
x?, d[usf h:tf gog, nfdf] s];/fzL, cUnf] kftnf] z/L/, a]xf];
agfpg ;Sg] d':sfg / cljrn ulDeo{, af}blws JolStTj, af]nLsf]
ld7f; cflb alTt; nIf0fx? Pp6} JolStdf x'g' s:tf] cfZro{ .
d]/f ;fyL nIdLsfGt klg nfvf}Fdf Ps 5g, ;'Gb/tfdf tyf
zLn:jefjdf . s] sf/0fn] xh'/n] OGsf/ ug'{ eof], xfdL cfZro{df
k/]sf 5f}F t/ d]/f] leqL dgn] s]xL yfxf kfP h:tf] u/]sf]n] xh'/n]
vfh]sf] s'/f sfFxL ddf t 5}g < To;}sf] nflu xh'/sf] dg a'emg of]
kq n]Vg] b[i6tf u/]sf] 5' .
d cw{zf:qdf :gfts 5' . dnfO{ k|s[ltn] zfl//Ls ;'Gb/tf
lbPsf] 5}g . ul/aL / a]/f]huf/Ln] lylrPsf d]/f af–cfdf;Fu /fd|f]
vfg]s'/f lyPg t/ hfFu/ / d]xgt lyof] . pxfFx?n] vf]nfdf Eofu'tf,
uªu6f, df5f, agdf lgz'Ns kfOg] kmnkm'n, ;fu;AhL, Rofp, cl/
ªufn, sGbd"nx? cflb yl/yl/sf j:t'x? v'jfPsf sf/0f z/
L/ :j:y /alnof] ePsf] 5 . k|wfgfWofkssf] eft ksfpFb}
ubf{ P;=Pn=;L= pTtL0f{ ul/P5 . ufpFd} vf]n]sf] pRr df=lj= af6 afx|
sIff pTtL0f{ u/]kl5 k|fylds ljbofnodf Go'g kfl/>ldsdf lghL ;|
f]tdf k9fpFb} ubf{ k|fOe]6 k/LIffyL{sf] ?kdf :gfts tx plTt0f{ ul/P
5 . Psflt/ ul/jL / csf{]lt/ s'?k cg'xf/n] ubf{ dnfO{ cfh;Dd s'g}

31. o'jtLn] klg k|]d k|:tfj u/]sf 5}gg . pRr hftLsf / wgL kl/jf/sf
JolStx?af6 kfPsf] 3[0ff, s'6 jrg / lyrf]ldrf]sf sf/0f d leq ljb|
f]xL efjgf k}bf ePsf] 5 . dnfO{ cfhef]nL ul/j / lgDg ;fdflhs
cfly{s :t/ x'g'sf] kL8faf]w x'g yfnsf] 5 .
nIdLsfGt d]/f :s'n k9bfsf ;fyL, ;fdGtL ;+:sf/df x's{]klg
cx+sf/sf efjgf gePsf zfGtL k|Lo JolSt x'g. pgn] slxn] sfxL“
dnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf sf/0f d pgsf] cfb/ ub{5' . /fd|f] af]nLjrg
ePsf ldng;f/ 5g . To:tf JolStnfO{ OGsf/ u/]sf] dnfO{ dg k/]sf]
5}g .
d t ljb|f]xL dfG5], zfGtLk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf r6ofª kfg{ dg
nfU5 . ;dfhdf JofKt c;dfgtf, cGofo, cTofrf/, hftL, wd{, j0f{,
lnªusf cfwf/df ul/g] lje]b, l9nf;':tL, e|i6frf/ h:tf] kmf]x/ a9f/]/
kmfNg dg nfU5 . vt/f;Fu v]Ng, d'To';Fu h'emg dg nfU5 . hd]sf]
tnfp eGbf gbLsf] pn{bf] e]n dg k5{ . s7ofªu|Lg] hf8f], hLp
89fpg] 3fd, sf]nfxn / czfGtL xf]; a? d'bf{ zfGtL gxf]; eG5' d .
To;n] ;dfhsf] ;Dk"0f{ sl;ªu/ a9f/]/ nuf]; ;dfhsf ls/fx? gi6
kf/f]; .
dnfO{ klZrdL ;flxTosf/x? ljlnod ;]S;lko/,
lgsf]nfO{ uf]uf]n, cGtg r]vj, DoflS;d uf]sL{sf ;dfh kl/jt{g
ug{ ;Sg] qmflGtsf/L larf/x? / k"jL{o ;fxlTosf/x? n' :o'g, /
fx'n ;fFs[Tofog, dxf:jtf b]jLsf ;+;f/ xNnfpg] larf/x? dg k5{ .
ca g]kfndf klg of] b]znfO{ ultzLn agfpgsf nflu k|]/0ff k|bfg ug{]
;flxTo ;[h{gf x'g'kb{5 . ;+;f/nfO{ a'emg] dfq xf]Og abNgsf nflu
o'jfx?sf] dg dl:tisnfO{ k|]l/t ug{] ;flxTo ;[h{gf ug{ ;Sg] ;|i6fx?
hGdg' kb{5 . ;+;f/nfO{ ult k|bfg ug{ g;Sg] ;flxTo cGwf] ;flxTo
7fG5' d .
xh'/sf] larf/df ;+;f/ s:tf] x'g' k5{ eGg] nfU5 < dflg;sf]
efjgf s:tf] xg'kb{5 < xfdL g]kfnLn] s] ug'{knf{ < oL s'/fx?df k|

32. sfz kfb{} / d]/f ljrf/x?sf] ljZn]if0f u/L k|ltpTt/ kfpg]
cfzfsf ;fy ljbf x'G5' .
pxL
s0f{jL/ /fgf
kq k9]kl5 ;l/tfsf] dl:tisdf cgf}7f] ljrf/ pTkGg eof] .
cfkmgf] dgsf] efj s;}n] af]n] h:tf], cfkm}Fn] ;f]r]sf] s'/f k9]h:tf]
nfUof] . s] d}n] vf]h]sf] JolSt ToxL xf] t < efjgf ldNof] eGb}df hft
eft gldNg] s'?k dflg;;Fu s;/L ;DaGw hf]g{ ;lsG5 . To:tf]
dfG5]l;t s;/L nf]Ug]sf] gftf nufpg] < efjgf ldNof] eg] g/fd|f] klg
/fd|f] nfU5 eG5g dflg;x? . t/ xf]nf t of] s'/f < sf] ;Fu ;Nnfx
dfUg] < cfkmgf] ;fyL /df;Fu ;Nnfx dfUg] ljrf/ ul/g .
/df ljbofno k9bfsf] ldNg] ;fyL . P;=Pn=;L= kf; u/]kl5
ufpFs} sk8f Jofkf/L;Fu ljjfx ePsf] lyof], /dfsf] . /df eGbf bz
jif{ h]7f] pgsf] nfUg] xf]rf] / df]6f] lyof] . /dfsf b'O{ 5f]/f e};s]sf
lyP . ;do ldnfP/ ;l/tf /dfsf] 3/df uOg . ;l/tfnfO{ e]6g
kfpFbf /df klg v';L eOg . lrof vfFb} ;l/tfn] s'/fsf] yfngL ul/g –
æ/df tF d;Fu ldNg] ;fyL, pd]/ klg Pp6}, tF kSsf u[lxgL eO;ls;
t/ d cFem} cfkm'nfO{ aRrf ;DemL/x]sL 5' . s;/L u[x:y hLjgdf k|
j]z ug{] eGg] cem} lglZrt e};s]sf] 5}g .eg t, j}jfxls hLjg
slt /dfOnf] x'G5 <Æ
æxf] t, c:tL tFnfO{ x]g{ Pp6f /fd|f] tGg]/L cfPsf] lyof] /] . t}Fn]
dflgg; eGg] ;'g]sL lyP“ . ljjfx u/]kl5 dnfO{ /dfOnf] g} ePsf]
5 . ca t t}“n] klg ljjfx ubf{ /fd|f] xf]nf eGg] 7fG5' d .Æ /dfn]
elgg .
æ/df, n eg t tFnfO{ t]/f] a'9f dg k5{ <Æ
æcfkmgf] nf]Ug] dg gk/] sf] dg k5{ < s] eg]sL <Æ

33. æd}n] eg]sf] cGoyf glnP; x} /df, t}n] cfkmgf] nf]Ug] b]Vg;fy
dg k/fPsL xf]; sL ljjfx u/]kl5 /fd|f] nfUb} uPsf] xf] <Æ
æcfkmg} ufpFsf] dfG5], ;w}F b]lv/x]sf] dfG5] t xf]gL Û PsfPs
b]v]sf] xf]Og Sof/] . dnfO{ dfUg cfP5g . a'jfn] dnfO{ yfxf g}
glbO{ x'G5 egLlbg' eP5 . d}n t kl5 kf] yfxf kfP . klxn] l/; p7of]
. kl5 t dfof kf] nfUg yfNof] .Æ
æcfhef]nL klg dfof nflu/xG5 t<Æ
æx]/ g klxn] t aflx/L ?k dfq x]l/bf] /x]5 t/ ;do laTb} hfFbf
c?g} s'/fn] cfglGbt agfpFbf] /x]5 . x[bo b]lv g} dfof ug{] ;Rrf
k|]dL, ;'v / b'vdf Psgf; /xg] w}o{jfg, ;d:of ;Fu
h'emg ;Sg] ;xf;L, vt/f;Fu ;fjwfgL ;fy v]Ng;Sg] rt'/, c?
sf] ;Nnfx u|x0f ub{} cfkm}F lg0f{odf k'Ug ;Sg] b[9, ;;fgf s'/fx?df
klg ;xfotf ug{] ;Rrf ldq, zf/Ll/s zlSt ePsf] jnjfg, ;a} ;Fu
ldn]/ a:g ;Sg] ldng;f/, kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] Pstf agfO{ /
fVg ;Sg] s'zn Joj:yfks cflb u'0fx?n] ubf{ kf] emg ;dk{g efj k}
bf x'Fbf]/x]5 . d lj/fdL x'Fbf d]/f] a'9fn] dnfO{ aRrf h:tf] sfvdf
p7fP/ aflx/ leq kf5{g, lbg/ft ;]jf u5{g, ;fGTjgf lbG5g . d t
pgsf] cufl8 kfgL eP/ auL lbG5' .Æ /dfn] cfkmgf] cg'ej ;'gfOg .
æ/df, t]/f] ;Nnfxn] dnfO{ cfkmgf] hLjgsf] af/]df lg0f{o
lng ;lhnf] agfof] . d a9L k9]sL ePklg tF w]/} a'blwdfgL /xL5; .
n t d clxn] hfG5' . s'g} lbg e]6f}Fnf .Æ /dfn] p7b} elgg .
æx'G5 t hf, d klg vfglkg lt/ nfU5' .Æ /dfn] p7b} elgg .
;l/tf 3/df cfPkl5 kq n]Vg yflng .
/fgfhL,
gd:sf/
tkfO{sf] kq kfPF . x'nfsLn] ljbofnodf cfP/ a]gfdL kq
a'efpbf gk9]/ kmfnLlbp“ h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] t/ s] efjgf cfof]

34. dgdf, Tof] kq 3/df cfP/ vf]n]“ . kq tkfOFsf] /x]5 . dg gnfuL
gnfuL jfrg ub}{ uPF . kqdf ePsf s'/fx?n] d]/f] dgdf ;fgf] atfF;
rnfpg ;kmn eP . d]/f] dgsf] tnfpdf ;fgf 5fnx? p7g yfn] .
oL 5fnx? pn{bf e]n aGg ;S5g sL ;Sb}gg yfxf 5}g t/ kq n]Vg
a;]sL 5' .
tkfOFn] eg] h:t} d cfb/of]Uo xf]Og . g d :ju{sL cK;/f g} x'F .
d klg c? h:t} ;fwf/0f dlxnf x'F . otL eGg ;S5' sL dnfO{ ;'Gb/
cg'xf/ ldn]sf] 5 . olx cg'xf/sf] jgfj6n] ubf{ w]/} k'?ifx? cfslif{t
x'g] ub{5g . t/ ddf Pp6f j}u'0f 5 . d Hofb} s7f]/ 5' . cfkmgf]
ljrf/ gldNg] dfG5] 5 eg] hlt;'s} ;'Gb/ xf];, wgL xf];, k9]n]v]sf]
xf];, OGsf/ ul/lbG5' . xf] d s7f]/ 5' t/ cfkm';Fu ljrf/ ldNg] dfG5]
l;t g/d klg 5' . d]/f] efjgf tkfO{F;Fu stfstf ;dfg ePh:tf]
nfu]sf] 5 . o;sf] e]p kfpg s]xL lbg kv{g} knf{ .
tkfOsf] ;fyLsf] s'/f ug'{ ePsf] /x]5 . pgsf] ld7f] af]nL leq
w]/} unt s'/fx? e]6fPF d}n] . pgL c;n hLjg ;fyL xf]Og,
cfkmgf] ;]jf ug{] ;'lzn kTgL rfxG5g . pgL k'?ifjfbL 5g lsgls
pgL 5f]/f rfxG5g, 5f]/f ljgf pgL afFRg ;Sb}gg . b'O{ 5f]/f, Ps 5f]/
Lsf] cy{ ToxL xf] . pgL k/Dk/fdf /dfpg] k|f0fL x'g, kl/jt{g /
pHofnf];Fu 8/fpF5g . zflGtsf] gfddf kmf]x/;Fu ldqtf ufF:g' sfo/tf
xf] . To:tf dfG5];Fu gftf hf]g{ dnfO{ dg nfu]g .
;+;f/df b'O{ lsl;dsf dflg;x? x'G5g . Ps yl/ dflg;x?
aflx/L cfj/0f dfq x]b{5g . leqL ;'Gb/tfnfO{ b]Vb}gg . o:tf
dflg;x?sf] ljj]s ;'Go x'G5 . cfkm' s]xL ug{ ;Sb}gg . jgfj6L s'/
fdf /dfpF5g . ;8]un]sf] ePklg To;nfO{ kl/jt{g gu/L cfkm'klg
b'u{lGwt aGb5g . ;lbof} b]lv xfd|f] ;dfh o:t} dflg;x?n] el/Psf] 5
. b'u{lGwt ePsf] ;dfhnfO{ kl/jt{g u/L pHofnf] agfpg
vf]Hg'nfO{ pgLx? vt/f b]Vb5g, lx+zf b]Vb5g / xNnf b]Vb5g . csf{]

35. yl/ dflg;x? aflx/L :j?k dfq gx]/L cfGtl/s u'0fx? s]nfp“5g .
logLx? ljj]szLn x'G5g . c?nfO{ dfq bf]if yf]kfg{] eGbf cfkm"g}
cu|;/ eP/ ;dfh kl/jt{gdf h'6b5g . hd]sf] tnfp ;kmf
ug{ / ;dfhdf JofKt ;8]un]sf kmf]x/x? ;kmf ug{ vf]Hb5g .
tnfp ;kmf ubf{ s]xL emf/x? pv]Ng' g} kb{5, of] lx+zf x'g] ub{}
g . ;dfh kl/jt{g ug'{ g} qmflGt xf] . pgLx? kl/jt{gnfO{ ckgfp5g
/ To;}df cfglGbt x'G5g . ;dfhdf ;lbof}F b]lv hd]/ a;]sf] sl;ªu/
x6fpg' eg]sf] vt/f;Fu v]Ng' xf] . pgLx? vt/f;Fu v]Nb5g / cfkmgf]
nIflt/ a95g .
tkfOF{sf] kqaf6 tkfOF{ bf]>f] vfnsf] JolSt xf] eGg] emlNsG5 .
Jojxf/af6 g} oL s'/fx? yfxf kfpFg ;lsg]5 . tkfOFsf] egfO /
Jojxf/ Pp6} ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5' d . Ps k6s k|ToIf e]6 u/]/ s'/f u/
f}F h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . s'g} cnf}lss j0f{g ug'{eGbf /fd|f] rl/q ;of}F u'0f
>]i7 x'G5 . xfdL ;fwf/0f dflg; ePsf]n] ePsf] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug'{ /
fd|f] x'g] 7fGb5' d . clxn]nfO{ olt .
plx
;l/tf
-#_
æxl/dfof ;'Gof}F < cfh ;l/tfsf] ljx] x'Fb} 5 /] .Æ
æxf] t, b]Vb}df 8]9' afFb/ h:tf] dfG5], s] x]/]/ dg kf/of] xf]nf <
v'66fdf afFw] klg g;'xfpg] .Æ xl/dfofn] cf]7 n]Ao|fOg .
æs:tf] crDd, To:tf] /fhs'df/L h:tf] o'jtLnfO{ Tof] dg gk/]sf]
aHofn] kf] nUg nfUof] .Æ uLtfn] wf/] xft b]vfpFb} elgg .
æe}uf] cf–cfkmgf] efUo xf] . ;l/tfsf] efUodf ToxL n]v]sf] lyof] .
lgs} u/Lj kf] 5 /] . g wg, g ?k,s:tf] efUo xf]nf ljr/L sf] <
eujfgn] klg y/L y/Lsf] v]n b]vfpF5g .Æ xl/dfofn] u'gf;f] ul/g .

36. b'a}n] e]/L gbLsf] kfgL e/]/ cf–cfkmgf] 3/lt/ nfu] . ;a}n] of]
cgf}7f] ljjfx dg k/fPsf lyPgg . of] ufpFsL Kof/L 5f]/L g/fd|f]
7fpFdf k/L . ;a}n] dg b'vfP .
ptf z+vlkknsf] rf}tf/f]df ljjfxsf] tof/L x'Fb} lyof] . ToxfF g
afhf lyof], g ef]h et]/ . s'g} hGtL / a|fXd0f tyf Hof]ltif klg
lyPgg . vfnL Pp6f ;'e ljjfx n]lvPsf] Jofg/, cf7÷bz j6f d]r /
Pp6f 6]j'n lyof] . 6]j'ndf b'O{j6f km'nsf dfnfx?, clj/ / km'nx? /
flvPsf lyP . Pp6f ;fgf] cfd;ef h:tf] sfo{qmd lyof] . To;df ;l/
tfsf] :s'nsf lzIfs :6fkmx?, ljbofyL{x?, ljbofno
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf dflg;x?, lzIfs cleefjs ;ª3sf kbflwsf/L,
s]xL kfx'gfx?, b'nxfsf cfdfa'jf/ b'nxLsf cfdfa'jf ;dfj]z ePsf
lyP . ljbofly{x?n] klg km'ndfnf NofPsf lyP .
ljbofno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIfsf] cWoIftfdf ;efsf]
cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;'Gb/ ;/n] pb3f]ifssf] sfo{ u/] . pgn] cltlyx?
sf] cf;g u|x0f u/fPkl5 :jfut efif0f u/], ljqmd ;/n] M
æcfb/gLo o; j}jflxs ;df/f]xsf ;efWoIf tyf ljbofno
Joj:yfks ;ldltsf cWoIfHo", pkl:ylt kfx'gfx?,
ljbofyL{ efOalxgLx?,
cfh xfdL xfd|f] ljbofnosL lzIfs >L ;l/tf If]qL / ;Nofg
j8f ufpFsf s0f{lj/ /fgfHo"sf] ljjfxsf] ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt ePsf
5f+} . o; sfo{qmddf kfNg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?nfO{ :jfut ub{5' . d
b'nxf tyf b'nxLsf] j}jfxls hLjgsf] c6n ;f}efUo, pRr ;kmntf /
bl3{ hLjgsf] sfdgf ub{} ljbf x'G5' . wGojfb .Æ
;'Gb/ ;/n] k'gM sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpFb} eg]–æcj d ljjfxsf]
sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg cfh o; ;df/f]xsf cWoIf tyf lj=Jo=;=
cWoIfHo"nfO{ cfu|x ub{5' . pxfFnfO{ ;xof]u ul/lbgsf nflu o;
ljbofnsf lzIfs ljqmd ;/nfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5' .Æ

37. cWoIfn] b'nxf b'nxL dGrdf cfPkl5 b'j}nfO{ Ps Psj6f dfnf
lbP/ Ps csf{nfO{ nufpg eg] . b'nxfn] b'nxL / b'nxLn]
b'nxfnfO{ dfnf nufPkl5 cWoIfn] b'a}nfO{ clj/ nufO lbP . To;kl5
kfn}kfnf] cGo cltly, lzIfs, tyf ljbofyL{x?n] clj/ dfnf nufP .
cWoIfn] b'nxf b'nxLsf afa'x?nfO{ af]nfP . b'nxLsf afa'n] 5f]/Lsf]
xft ;dft]/ b'nxfnfO{ lbP eg] b'nxfsf afa'n] b'nxLnfO{ lbP . olt
u/]kl5 ljjfxsf] k|lqmof ;lsof] .
;'Gb/ ;/n] sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpb} eg]–æxfd|f] o; ljbofnosL
dfWolds txsL ul0ft ljifosL lzIfs ;l/tf ld; cfkmgf] ?k, u'0f,
ljbjTtf / lgk"0f{tfdf o; If]qd} pTs[i6 x'g'x'G5 . pxfFnfO{ kTgL
agfpg rfxg] w]/} tGg]/Lx? lyP t/ pxfFnfO{ tL sf]xL klg dg
k/]gg . pxfFsf] cfkmgf] dgdf of] s'/f /fd|f] 5 egL lglZrt
geP ;Dd lg0f{o ug'{x'Gg . cfh pxfFn] ;Nofg j8f ufpFsf >L s0f{jL/
/fgfhLnfO{ cfkmgf] j/dfnf klx/fpg' ePsf] 5 . cfkmgf] efjL hLjg /
pbb]Zo ;lxt cfkm'nfO{ nfu]sf] s'/f /flv lbg' x'g pxfFnfO{ cfu|x ub{5'
.Æ
/ftf] ;f/L / Anfphdf ;lhPsL ;l/tf dGrdf b]vf kl/g . ;a}
nfO{ clejfbg ub{} elgg–
o; j}jflxs sfo{qmdsf ;efWoIf dxf]bo,
pkl:yt cltlyHo", d]/f ;xkfl7 lzIfs ;flyx?,
d]/f cfkmGt hgx? tyf ljbofyL{ efOjlxgLx?,
cfh d]/f] ljjfxsf] z'e cj;/df o; sfo{qmddf pkl:yt
eO{ xfd|f] dgf]jn pRr /fVg ;xof]u ug'{ ePsf]df xflb{s cfef/ k|s6
ub{5' . xfd|f] ljjfx o:tf] ;fgf] sfo{qmd u/]/ e}/x]sf] 5 sL g
ef]het]/, g sf]z]nL cfbfg k|bfg, g bfOhf], g ljjfx d08k, g hGtL,
g bdfx, g kl08t . o:tf] klg ljjfx x'G5 < eg]/ lv;L ug{]sf] sdL
x'g] 5}g . d]/f] cfkmgf] klt 5gf}6 ug{] tl/sf klg cgf}7f] 5 .
dnfO{ dg k/fpg] nf]Ug] dflg;x?sf] sdL lyPg . ?kjfg, wgjfg,

38. zlStjfg, jnjfg tyf pRr hftLsf k|ltl:7t JolStx? gcfPsf
xf]Ogg, dnfO{ dfUg . s;}nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg d}n] . d]/f af–
cfdf / cfkmGtx? lgs} lrlGtt x'g'x'GYof] d]/f] Jojxf/ b]]v]/ . o;sf]
sf/0f 5f]6s/Ldf elg lbg' plrt g} xf]nf eGg] 7fg]sL 5' . dnfO{ kTgL
agfpg rfxg]x? d]/f] ;'Gb/ cg'xf/ x]/]/ cfPsf lyP . pgLx? aflx/
L ;'Gb/tfnfO{ g} ;a} s'/f 7fGy] . cfGtl/s ;'Gb/tfnfO{ x]b}gy]F . pgLx?
hLjg;fyL xf]Og gf/LnfO{ bf;L / dgf]/Ghgsf] ;fwg agfpg rfxGy] .
pgLx?n] d]/f] cfGtl/s OR5f / u'0fx? kTtf nufpg] k|oTg u/]gg .
JolStsf] jfXo ;'Gb/tf uf}0f s'/f xf] . d'Vo s'/f leqL ;f]r / Ifdtf
xf] . o:tf] Ifdtf d]/f] klt s0f{jL/df 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .
pgL;Fu jt{dfgdf s'g} s'/f 5}g . g ?Kf 5, g wg 5 , g zlSt 5 ,
g kb 5 t/ pgL;Fu o:tf] dl:tis 5, h;n] ef]nLsf lbgdf rdTsf/
b]vfpg] 5 eGg] d]/f] 7DofO{ 5 . pgnfO{ d h:t} kTgLsf] cfjZostf
5 eGg] 7fG5' d .
d klg ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] OR5f /fVb5' . To;df dnfO{ pgsf]
cfjZostf 5 . cj xfd|f] efjL hLjg s;/L ;Grfng xf]nf < To;sf]
hfgsf/L d]/f] kltaf6} x'g]5 . ;a}nfO{ k'gM clejfbg ub{} d]/f
egfO{ oxL 6'ªUofp5' . wGojfb .Æ
;'Gb/ ;/n] sfo{qmd ;Grfng ub}}{ eg]– æd cj To:tf JolStnfO{
af]nfpFb5', hf] ;Fu ;l/tf ld;n] eg] cg';f/ cyfxf 1fgsf] e08f/
5 , k|ultzLn ljrf/ 5, d]xgt / hfFu/ 5 . pxf“ x'g'x'G5 b'nxf >L
s0f{jL/ /fgf .Æ
To;kl5 dGrdf s0f{jL/ /fgf b]vf k/] . ;a}nfO{ clejfbg ub{}
af]Ng yfn]
æsfo{qmdsf ;efkltHo", cltlyHo', d]/f / ;l/tfhLsf cfkmGtx?,
ljbofyL{ efO alxgLx? o; sfoqmddf xfdLnfO{ z'esfdgf k|bfg
ug{ kfNg' ePsf]df x[bo b]lv g} cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .

39. cfh d]/f] hLjgsf] ;aeGbf v'l;sf] lbg ag]sf] 5 . d ;l/tf
h:tL ;j{u'0f ;DkGg ;'Gb/LnfO{ cfkmgL kTgL agfpg k'u]sf] 5' . xfdL
aLrsf] w]/} k6ssf] e]63f6, lr77L kq cfbfg k|bfg / 5nkmn kl5 j}
jflxs aGwgdf afFlwg] ;Nnfx eof] / cfh tkfO{x?sf] /f]xj/df ljjfx
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfh ;Dd d]/f] hLjg cWof/f]df ?dlNnO/x]sf] lyof]
. k|sfzlt/ cu|;/ x'g] k|of; u/]klg :ki6 nIf 7Dofpg ;s]sf]
lyOg . cfhb]lv xfdL ktL–kTgL pHofnf]lt/ cu|;/ x'g] hdsf{] ub{}
ofqf ;'? u/]sf] 5f}F . ca xfdL b'a} ldn]/ ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] dxfg
ofqfdf hfg] lglZrt u/]sf 5f}F .
xfd|f] ;dfhdf xhf/f} jif{ b]lv sl;ªu/ y'lk|Psf] 5 . xfd|f ljrf/
x? k'/fgf 5g . xfd|f] b]z ul/jL, a]/fh]uf/L, clzIff, cGwljZjf;,
5'jf5't, ju{e]b, /f]uJofwL h:tf s'/fx?af6 cfqmfGt 5 . o:tf s'/fx?
x6fpg} kb{5 . oL s'/fx? x6fpg ;dfhdf e'OFrfnf] cfpg}
kb{5 . ;do ljTb} hfFbf ;dfhsf] ljsf; cfkmF} x'G5 eg]/ k'/
fg} ;dfhdf /dfpg] / cfkm' klg To;}df ;8]/ b'u{lGwt x'g] dflg;x?
5g xfd|f] ;dfhdf . o:tfx? ax'dtdf 5g . hfnem]n, if8oGq,
l9nf;'l:t, e|i6frf/, nfk/jfxL ug{] dfG5]x? g} ;Ddflgt 5g . sfd
ug{]n] :ofjf;L kfpg], /fd|f] sfd ug{]n] ;Ddfg kfpg], v/fj sfd
ug{]n], sfdrf]/n] b08 kfpg] Joj:yfsf nflu n8g] 5f}F xfdL .
gftfjfb, s[kfjfb, kml/ofjfb, rfkn';L h:tf s'/fx? x6g} kb{5 . xfdL
cj d[To';Fu v]Ng] 5f}F . xfd|f] hLjgdf cynk'yn x'g]5 . ;dfhdf
czflGt x'g]5, b]zdf czflGt x'g]5 . kl/jt{gsf] /fFsf] aNg]5 .
d'bf{ zflGt x/fpg]5 . clg a;Lvfg]x?, 7'nf7fn'x?, ;dfGtx?,
bnfnx?, /fi6«3ftLx?, xTof/fx?;Fu xfd|f] o'bw x'g]5 . clGtd o'bw .
o; o'bwdf g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ >dhLlj hgftfx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g
x'g]5 . tkfO{x? klg cfkmgf] xs clwsf/sf] nflu clGtd
o'bwdf ;fd]n x'g'x'g]5 egL cfzf lnPsf 5f}F, xfdLn] .

40. clxn] w]/} s'/f ug'{ eGbf ef]nLsf lbgx?df xfd|f] Jojxf/af6 ;a}
yfxf x'g]5 . cGtdf d}n] af]Ng] qmddf s'g} k|sf/sf] uNtL sdhf]/L
ePsf] eP Ifdf rxfG5' / d]/f] egfO oxL cGt ub{5' . wGojfb .Æ
cGo jStfx?df lzIfs:6fkmsf] tkm{af6 Pshgf, ljbofyL{x?af6
Pp6f s]6f / Pp6f s]6L tyf k|wfgfWofks lyP . ;a} aStfx?n]
laafxsf] z'esfdgf JoSt u/] . ljbofnon] ;l/tfsf] laafxsf]
pknIfdf pkxf/ / lrofkfgsfo{s|dsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
ljbofnosf] tkm{af6 k|wfgfWofksn] b'nxf b'nxLnfO{ pkxf/ k|bfg
u/]kl5 ;efWoIfn] z'esfdgf ;lxta}aflxs sfo{s|dsf] ;dfkg u/]sf
lyP . cGtdf ;a} hnkfg sfo{s|ddf ;l/s eP .
@)^) d+l;/, rf}/hxf/L
^= s'GtL
sn a]nsf] l6lgª=====l6lgªsf] cfjfhn] /f]zgsf] Wofg eªu eof]
. pgL lj:tf/} 3/ aflx/ lg:s]/ d"n u]6 lt/ nfu] . u]6 vf]n] kl5
Toxf“ sdn plePsf] b]v] . pgL lgs} v'l; eP/ sdnnfO{ cFufnf]
xfNg k'u] . b'j} ldqsf] e]63f6n] /f]zgnfO{ lgs} zflGt ldNof] . pgn]
eg]–æsdn ltdLnfO{ e]6g kfpFbf lgs} v';L nfUof] . stfaf6 af6f]
lj/fof}F cfh <Æ
æ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lnPkl5 cfkmgf ;fyLx? e]6b} lxF8]sf]
5' d t . cfh ltd|f] ;Demgf cfof], clg e]6g cfO{ k'u]“ .
ltdLnfO{ s:tf] 5 <Æ sdnn] xft ;dfTb} eg] .
b'j} 3/ leq uP . ;f]kmfdf sdnnfO{ a;fpFb} /f]zgn] eg]–æd
klg gf]s/Laf6 cjsfz lnPsf] Ps jif{ eO;Sof] . z/L/ l7s} 5 . dg
;w}F czfGt /xG5 . 5f]/f Pp6} 5, Tof] s'/f ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5b}F5 . p
cfkmgf] kl/jf/ ;lxt OªuNofG8d} a:5 . 5 jif{sf] Pp6f gftL 5 .
zfGtfn] dnfO{ 5f]8]/ k/nf]s ePsf] klg b'O{ jif{ eO;Sof] . sfd ug{]

41. dflg; /fVof] eg] efuL xfN5g . ;a} sfd cfkm}F ug'{k5{ . PSnf] hLjg
kf] 5 t d]/f] t Û ltdL a:b} u/, d lrof agfP/ NofpF5' .Æ
ælx8 d klg ltdLnfO{ ;xof]u u5'{ . dnfO{ ld7f] lrof agfpg
cfpF5 . lrof agfpFb} s'/f ug'{ cfkmg} vfnsf] cfgGb
x'G5 .Æ ;f]kmfaf6 p7b} sdnn] eg] .
/f]zgn] efG;fdf k:b} eg]–æTo;f] eP t d emg v';L x'G5' .
dnfO{ klg o:tf] s'/fdf a8f] cfgGb nfU5 .Æ
efG;f leq l5/]kl5 sdnnfO{ lrof agfpg] ;fdu|L b]vfP/ /f]zg
kmnkm'n sf6g yfn] . lrof tof/ ePkl5 kmnkm'nsf] l/sfkL / lrofsf
skx? af]s]/ b'a}hgf a}7s sf]7fdf cfP . lrof lkpFb} /f]zgn] eg]–
æPSnf] hLjg ;fx|} sl7g x'Fbf] /x]5 . vfg agfpg klg clN5 nfU5 .
slxn] kmf:6km'8n] sfd rnfpF5' . slxn] xf]6nlt/ uP/ vfG5' . xf]6]n
klg slt hfg' < gftL;Fu kmf]gdf s'/f ubf{ cfgGb nfU5 . kmf]g /fVof]
km]/L ;Ggf6fn] 5f]kL xfN5 .Æ
æltdLnfO{ s] s] sfd ug{] dfG5] rflxG5, eg t Û
To;sf] ;dfwfg d ;Fu 5 . ltdLnfO{ af]Ng] ;fyL klg x'G5 t/ k}:ff
eg] cln nfU5 .Æ sdnn] :ofpsf] 6'qmfdf sfF6f /f]Kb} eg] .
æs] sfd eGg] gL < vfgf ksfpg], 3/ ;kmf ug{], sk8f w'g],
efF8f dfemg], gf:tf tof/ ug{], j]8 lj:t/f tof/ ug{], t/sf/L tyf
km"nx?df kfgL xfNg], uf]8d]n ug{], oxL t xf] gL Û olt sfd ug{]
dflg; 5 t ltdL;Fu < d]/f] eg] cg';f/ sfd u5{ eg] d t k};f eg]
hlt lbO lbpFnf .Æ /f]zgn] xfF:b} eg] .
æd /f]af]l6ªdf ljbofjfl/lw u/]sf] dfG5] . d]/f] cfkmg} /f]af]6
lgdf{0f ug{] k|of]uzfnf 5 . hflu/af6 cjsf; lnPkl5 d /f]af]6
lgdf{0fd} h'6L/x]sf] 5' . xfn;Dd d}n] 5j6f /f]af]6x? a]rL ;s]“ . tL /
f]af]6x? sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{]jfnf, cfuf] glhs sd ug{]jfnf,
ljh'nLdf sfd ug{]jfnf, /]l8of] ljls/0fo'St :yfgdf sfd ug{]jfnf /
f]af]6x? lyP . clxn] d Pp6f 3]/n' sfd ug{] /faf]6 tof/ ub{}5' .

42. rfxG5f}F eg] Tof] /f]af]6 ltdLnfO{ k7fOlbG5' . dnfO{ vfnL nfut lbP
k'U5 .Æ
æd}n] eg] cg';f/sf ;a} sfd unf{ t < jf:tljs dflg;af6
gePsf sfdx? d]lzgaf6 s] xf]nf <Æ
æltdLn] eg] cg';f/sf sfd t ;lhn} u5{ . Tof] eGbf c? w]/}
sfdx? klg u5{ . gkTofP Ps dlxgf ;Dd kl/If0ful/ x]/ g . lrTt
ga'em] Ps dlxgf kl5 d lkmtf{ n}hfpFnf .Æ
æslt lnG5f} t k};f <Æ
æTo;sf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L dfq lt; nfv ?k}of nfu]sf] 5 . d]/f]
To;df b'O{ jif{sf] kl/>d klg nfu]sf] 5 . kl/>dsf] d"No !@ nfv
hlt /fVof] eg] To;sf] s'n d"No aofln; nfv eof] . t/ d kl/
>dsf] d"No lnGg ltdL;Fu . c?nfO{ t d}n] krf; nfvsf b/n] a]r]sf]
5' . dnfO{ c? 7fpFaf6 klg dfu cfPsf] 5 . krf; nfvd} d"No to
eO;s]sf] 5 t/ ltd|f] ;d:of b]v]/ dfq eg]sf] 5' .Æ
æd;Fu Tolt k}:ff t 5}g . clxn] k7fO b]p g t, s]lx lbg . /fd|f]
nfUof] eg] ;f]rf}Fnf . /fd|f] gnfu] klg ltdLn] c?;Fu a]Rbf laz nfv
a9L g} kfpg] /x]5fF}F . s] eG5f}F <Æ
æx'G5, c“em} s]xL sfd afFsL 5 . d To;sf] k"0f{tf lbP/
ltdLnfO{ k7fOlbG5' . dnfO{ ljZjfz 5, To;sf] cfudgn] ltd|f] afFsL
hLjg lgs} ;xh x'g]5 .Æ
sdn / /f]zg afns sfn b]lvs} ;fyL lyP . pgLx? k|fylds
tx b]lv dfWolds tx ;Dd Pp6} sIffdf k9]sf lyP . To;j]nf k|
fOe]6 :s'nx? ;a} 7fpFdf gePsfn] b'j}n] ;/sf/L ljbofnod} cWoog
u/]sf lyP . pgLx? Tof] ;dosf d]wfjL ljbofyL{x? lyP . b'j}sf]
cAoSt k|lt:kwf{ eO/xGYof], t/ Jojxf/df lgs} ldNg] ;fyL . Pp6f
sIffdf k|yd :yfgdf cfpFbf csf{] bf]>f] :yfgdf cfpFy] . b'a}sf] pd]/
klg Pp6} lyof] . xfO:s'n ;s]kl5 b'j} cd[t ;fOG; SofDk;df lj1fg
ljifo lnO{ k|ljgtf k|df0f kq txdf egf{ eP . ToxfFaf6 ljlzi6

43. >]0fLdf k|df0f kq tx pTtL0f{ u/]]kl5 sf]nDaf] Knfg cGt/ut
5fqj[lTt kfP/ sdn ;f]leot ;ª3df OlGhlgo/ k9g uP eg] /
f]zg ;f]xL 5fqj[lTtdf s[lif ljifo k9gsf nflu ef/tlt/ uP .
To;j]nf klg b'j}sf] lardf lr77L kq cfbfg k|bfg eO/xGYof] .
ToxfFaf6 kms{]kl5 b'j}hgf ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]/ cfkmgf] b]zsf] ;]jf ug{
yfn] . ;/sf/L ;]jf cjlwdf b'j}n] pRr lzIffsf] cj;/ kfP . kl5 b'j}
hgfn] cf–cfkmgf] If]qdf 7"nf] VoftL cfh{g u/]sf lyP . sdnn] cd]l/
sfdf uP/ /f]af]l6ªdf ljbofjfl/lw u/] eg] /f]zgn] ef/tsf] a}ªnf]/
af6 sL6 lj1sf ?kdf ljbofjfl/lw u/]sf lyP . xfn b'j} j}
1flgsx? ! jif{ b]lv cjsfzsf] hLjg ljtfpFb} lyP . ;/sf/L k]zfaf6
cjsf; lnP klg sdn cfkmgf] j}1flgs sfo{df ;lqmo lyP eg] /
f]zg eg] kfl/jfl/s kL8fn] ubf{ k"0f{?kdf lg:s[o hLjg ljtfpFb} lyP .
-@_
To;sf] b'O{ xKtfkl5 sdnn] cfkm' cfO/x]sf] ;"rgf lbP kmf]gaf6
. sf/sf] cfjfh ;'g]kl5 /f]zgn] u]6 vf]n] . sdnsf] sf/ /f]zgsf] 3/
sf] sDkfpG8df cfP/ /f]lsof] . sdn sf/af6 aflx/ lgl:sP . pgL;Fu
Pp6f ;'Gb/ o'jtL klg sf/af6 cf]ln{O . o'jtLsf] cg'xf/ sf7df8f}Fsf]
g]jf/ ;d'bfosL o'jtL;Fu ldNbYof] . ;f9] kfFr km'6 cUnL, uf]/f]
cg'xf/, sfnf] skfn, ldn]sf cfFvL ef}, cfFvfdf ufhn, sfgdf ;fgf
6k, 3fF6Ldf df]tLsf] dfnf nufPsL, lgnf] s'tf{ ;'?
jfndf ;lhPsL ;'Gb/ o'jtLnfO{ b]Vbf /f]zgn] sdnsL :jsLo ;lrj
xf]lng egL cg'dfg u/] . /f]af]6 gb]v]/ csdSs k/] .
/f]zgn] xft ldnfpFb} ;f]w]]–æv}, t /f]af]6 NofPgf}FF <Æ
/f]zgnfO{ csdSs k/]sf] b]v]/ sdnn] o'jltlt/ xftn] b]vfpFb}
eg] æd}n] tof/ u/]sf] gofF /f]af]6 oxL xf] . o;nfO{ d}n] k"0f{ ?
kdf :qLsf] :j?k lbPsf] 5' . o;sf] aflx/L / leqL ;Dk"0f{ cªux?sf]
lgdf{0f ubf{ d}n] 7"nf] kl/>d, nufgL, af}l4s phf{ / ;do vr{]sf] 5' .
l;dn, skf; / /]zdsf] /]zf, /St rGbgsf] w'nf], tfdf, rfFbL / ;'gsf

44. tf/x?bjf/f o;sf] z/L/ / dl:tis lgdf{0f ePsf]n] z/L/ k'/}
nrsbf/ 5 . skfn, gª, bftx?, :tg, uw{g, xft, v'66fx?,
of]gLbjf/ b]lv kf7]3/, d'6' / kmf]S;f] h:tf cªux? ;d]t /fv]sf]
5' . ;Dk"0f{ 3/]n' sfdsfh ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;km6j]o/ tof/ 5 . Tof]
afx]s cGo w]/} sfdx? klg ug{ ;Sg] 5 o;n] . of] d]/f] hLjgsf] 7"nf]
pknlAw klg 7fg]sf] 5' d}n] . d}n] o;nfO{ :qLsf] ?k lbgsf] sf/0f 3/
df sfd nufpFbf :qL g} eof] eg] xfd|f] ;+:s[lt cg';f/ ldNg] 7fg“] .
km]/L kfx'gfx? cfpFbf k'?if eGbf :qLsf] ;Tsf/ kfpFbf a9L cfgGb
dxz'; ub{5g .Æ
/f]zgn] cfZro{ JoSt u/] –æxf]Og, d t k'/} em'lSsP“ t . d}n] t
/f]af]6 eg]/ ;f]Rg} ;lsg . d}n] t ltd|f] kL=P=kf] 7fg]sf] lyP t, s:tf]
cRrd ÛÆ
æltdL x]b{} hfp, ltdL dfq xf]Og, ltd|f] 3/df cfpg] s;}n] klg
of] oGq dfgj eg]/ lrGg] 5}gg . d}n] o;sf] gfd s'GtL /flv lbPsf]
5' . ltdLnfO{ dg kb{}g eg] clxn] g} abNg ;S5f} .Æ sdnn] eg] .
æPsbd /fd|f] gfd 5 . dnfO{ dg k¥of] . a? o;nfO{ sfd u/
fpg] tl/sf, Jof6«L rfh{ ug{] tl/sf, lj>fd u/fpg] ;a} s'/f :ki6 kfl/
b]p . kl5 dnfO{ ;d:of gxf]; . ltdLnfO{ klg k6s k6s kmf]gsf]
306Ln] emGem6 gnufcf]; .Æ /f]zgn] v'l; x'Fb} eg] .
sdnn] uf8Laf6 Pp6f Ps 3gkm'6sf] afs; lgsfNb} eg]–
æo;nfO{ ;Grfng ug'{ s'g} sl7g 5}g . of] k"0f{ :jrflnt / sDKo'6/
fOh 5 . cfjfhsf] e/df ;a} sfd u5]{ . ;a} k|sf/sf cfjfh /
zAbx? klxrfg u/L ;f]xL cg';f/sf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] a]hf]8sf] Ifdtf 5
o;df . o;n] ltd|f] 3/sf] ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? ;kmntf ;fy ug]{ 5 . vfgf
ksfpg], efF8f ;kmf ug]{, sk8f ;kmf ug]{, 3/ ;kmf ug]{, uf]8d]n ug]{,
km"njf/Ldf kfgL xfNg], 3/ ;hfpg], kfx'gfx?nfO{ :jfut ug]{,
ljbfO{ ug]{, 9f]sf vf]Ng], nufpg,] ljh'nL afNg], lgefpg], l6= eL=

45. rnfpg] cflb sfdx? ug{sf nflu ;km6j]/ /fvL lbPsf] 5' . oL afx]s
ltdLn] cfb]z lbPsf cGo sfdx? ;d]t ug]{ 5 . o;sf]key word g}
ltd|f] / d]/f] cfjfh xf] . ltdLn] OR5f u/]sf sfdx? cfkm} ug{ ;Sg]
Ifdtf x'g]5 . 3/ sDkfp08 aflx/ eg] ;s];Dd gn}hfg' . o;sf] rfh{
ug{sf] nflu tLg 306f 3fddf a:g' kg]{5 jf d}n] tof/ u/]sf] h]g]/]6/
sf] k|sfz o;sf] 6fpsf]df kg]{ u/L & 306f ;'tfpg' kg]{5 . d
of] /]l8of] cfO;f]6f]kbjf/f tof/ ul/Psf] h]g]/]6/ o;sf] ;'Tg] knªusf]
6fpsf] lt/ leQfdf h8fg ul/lbG5' . of] /]l8of] cfO;f]6f]kbjf/f lgld{t
h]g]/]6/ sDtLdf ;o aif{ l6Sg]5 . /ftL bz ah] ;'Tg hfp eg] kl5
of] ;'Tg hfG5] . of] ;'Tg] ljlQs} h]g]/]6/ c6f] cfg x'G5 / rfh{ eO/
xG5 . ;ft 306f kl5 rfh{ k'/f ePkl5 c6f] ckm x'G5 . rfh{ k'/f
ePkl5 ltd|f] 9f]sfdf k|ltIff/t /xg] 5 . rfh{ eO/xbf p7fpg ;lsb}
g .Æ
æs'g} sfd dnfO{ dg k/]g eg] s] ug]{ < s'g} vt/fhgs
sfo{ ug{ nfUbf s;/L /f]Sg ;lsG5 t <Æ
æltd|f] OR5f a'em]/ sfd ug]{ xF'bf ltd|f] cfb]z ljgfsf s'g} sfd
u g ] { ; D e f j g f x ' F b } g . o ; d f c ? ; a } s ' / f x ?
ePklg ;dj]bgfsf] ;km6]j/ /flvPsf] 5}g . ?g] / xfF:g] sfdx?,
lrGtf,s'07f, lg/fzf cflb s'/fx? gx'g] eP kl5 l/;fpg] sfd klg x'Fb}
g . To;}n] l/;fP/ sfd ljufg]{ s'/} cfpFb}g . t}klg of] l/df]6 /fv .
s]xL v/fjL cfpg yfNof] eg] jf nfdf] ;dosf] nflu 3/ aflx/ hfg'
k¥of] eg] ckm ul/lbg' . t/ l/df]6 w]/} rnfof] eg] s]lGb|o ;+rf/df
c;/ kg{ ;SGf] ePsf]n] clt cfjZos k/] dfq l/df]6 rnfpg' .Æ
sdnn] l/df]6 lbFb} eg] .
sdnn] s'GtLsf] s'tf{sf] 5]pdf /x]sf] ;fgf] a6g lemls lbPkl5
s'GtL af]Ng yfnL . p;n] /f]zg lt/ xft hf]8]/ egL–ægd:t] ;/ ÛÆ
ægd:t] Û ltd|f] gfd s] xf] gfgL <Æ
æs'GtL ;/ ÛÆ

46. æltdL cfhb]lv d;Fu a:g] x} t <Æ
æx'G5 ;/ ÛÆ
æltdLnfO{ lrof agfpg cfpF5 <Æ
æcfpF5 ;/ Û dnfO{ vfgf, gf:tf, lrof agfpg cfpF5 .Æ
æcfp t d ltdLnfO{ ;a} ;fdfg b]vfpF5' . b'O{ sk lrof agfP/
Nofp t .Æ /f]zgn] efG;fsf]7f b]vfpg nu] .
lrof vfP/ sdn / /f]zg ldn]/ s'GtLsf] ;'Tg]sf]7f tof/ u/] .
knªusf] l;/fgLlt/ leQfdf sdnn] h]g]/]6/ h8fg ul/lbP .
To;sf] ;+rfng ug]{ tl/sf ;a} ldnfO{ lbP . Tof] oGq s'GtLsf] sf]8
gDj/ ldn]kl5 dfq cfkm} :jLr cfg eP/ sfo{ ug{ yfNbYof] eg] rfh{
k'/f ePkl5 c6f] ckm x'GYof] . otL u/]kl5 sdnn] /f]zg;Fu ljbf
dfUb} eg]æn /f]zg d ca hfG5' . s]xL ;d:of k¥of] eg] dnfO{ kmf]g
ug'{ . dnfO{ k'0f{ ljZjf; 5 sL Ps dlxgf;Dd o;sf] sfd x]¥of} eg]
ltdL o;nfO{ 5f]8g ;Sg] 5}gf}F t/ klg d"No a9L nfUof] eg] cyjf
o;sf] sfd dg k/]g eg] Psdlxgf kl5 d o;nfO{ lkmtf{ n}hfg] 5' .
Ps dlxgf k/LIf0f ul/ x]/ .Æ
-#_
s'GtLsf] cfudgn] /f]zgsf] hLjgdf gofF kl/jt{g cfpFg yfNof] .
laxfg lrof agfO{ Nofpg], g'xfpgsf nflu n'ufkmf6f] tof/ ul/lbg],
a|;dGhg l7s kf/Llbg] ,;]leªu d]lzg l7s kfg{], sk8f ;kmf ug{],
k6ofP/ b/fhdf /fVg], x}ªu/df e'm08fpg], sk8fdf k|]; ug{], h'Ttf
kfln; ug{], vfgf ksfpg], efF8f ;kmf ug{], 3/ cfFug ;kmf ug{],
af]6jL?jf uf]8d]n ug{] / kfgL xfNg], 3/ ;hfpg], udnf ;hfP/ /fVg],
OG8f]/ knfG6 l7s 7fpFdf /fVg], t/sf/L nufpg]], kmnkm'n sf6]/
Nofpg], crf/ agfpg], jLo/df XoL:sL ldnfO ss6]n tof/ ug{] x/]s
sfd s'GtLn] ub{yL . p x/jvt sfd ug{ tTk/ /xGyL . ljxfg kfFr
ah] g} p7]/ cfkmgf] z/L/ ;kmf ub{yL, l;ªuf/ k6f/ ub{yL clg /
f]zgsf] ;'Tg] sf]7f aflx/ klv{/xGyL . /f]zg p7]kl5 g'xfp“y] .

47. To;kl5 dlg{ª jfsdf hfGy] . dlg{ª jfsaf6 kms{]kl5 lrof vfGy],
klqsf k9y] . 3/df ;a} ;dfgx? l7s l7s 7fpFdf /flvPsf x'Gy] .
st} hfFbf s'GtLn] g} sf]6, k}G6, h'Ttf nufO{ lbGyL . k'/fgf n'uf ;kmf
u/]/ gL/ xfnL k|]; u/]/ 6nSs kf/LlbGyL . 6fO{ nufO lbGyL .
uf8L ;kmf uyL{, clg u]6 vf]Ng hfGyL . hfg] ;dodf xft xNnfpFb}
eGyL æ;dod} kms{g' xf]nf ;/ .Æ
aflx/af6 cfpFbf /f]zgsf] uf8Lsf] cfjfh lrg]/ bf}8]/ u]6 vf]Ng
hfGyL . u]6 vf]n]/ lgx'/]/ gd:sf/ ub{} eGyL æ:jfut 5 ;/ .Æ
sf]7fdf cfPkl5 sf]6 k}G6 vf]n]/ gofF n'uf nufO{ lbGyL . h'Ttf
l7s ufpFdf /fVyL . /f]zg xft d'v wf]Oj/L cfpFbf s'GtLn] lrof
gf:tf NofO;s]sL x'GyL . kfx'gfx? cfpFbf :jfut / ljbfO{ ug{], lrof,
gf:tf, vfgf agfO{ v'jfpg] sfdx? ub{yL . ;'Tg] ;dodf j]8 lj:t/f
ldnfpg], em'n /fVg], tGgf abNg], sf]7fsf] tfkqmd ldnfpg], uf]8f
bafpg] sfdx? s';ntfsf;fy ub{yL . /f]zgn] …;'Tg hfpFÚ eg]kl5
dfq ;'Tg hfGyL . /f]zgn] slxn] sfxLF cfkm"nfO{ ev{/ hGd]sf] aRrf
h:tf] ;DemGy] . To; ;dodf ;a}sfd cfdfn] ug'{x'GYof] . clxn]
s'GtLn] ub{5] . …o;n] t dnfO{ aRrf agfO{ ;sL .Ú pgL ;f]Rby] .
3/ aflx/sf sfdx? eg] /f]zgn] cfkm} ub{y] . ahf/af6
n'ufkmf6f], t/sf/L, kmnkm'n, g'g, rfdn, bfn cflb vl/b u/L Nofpg],
3/ dd{t / /ªu/f]ug ug]{, ljbo't, vfg]kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g dd{t ug{sf
nflu dflg; af]nfpg], ljleGg uf]i7L ;]ldgf/df ;xefuL x'g], ;fdflhs
sfo{df ;xefuL x'g] sfdx? uy{] . pgdf gofF hf]; / km'lt{ cfpg
yfNof] . /fd|f] vfgkLg / :ofxf/ ;';f/n] z/L/ :j:Yo x'g yfNof] .
pgn] ca km]/L cg';Gwfg / n]vg sfo{ ;'? u/] . kq klqsfdf :tDe
n]Vg yfn] . s'GtLn] cg';Gwfgd"ns n]v /rgf sDKo'6/df 6fOk ug{ ;
3fpyL . pgL ca b]z ljb]zsf ;]ldgf/df ;xefuL x'g yfnL;s]sf
lyP .

48. ;do hfg slt j]/ nfU5 / < o; 3/df s'GtLsf] cfudg ePsf]
b'O{ dlxgf eO;s]sf] lyof] . of] b'O{ dlxgfdf /f]zgsf] hLjgdf 7'nf]
kl/jt{g eO;s]sf] lyof] . pgn] s'GtLNfO{ pwf/f] lsg]/ NofPsf] eGg]
s'/f ljl;{;s]sf lyP . Pslbg sdnsf] kmf]g cfof] .
l/lde/ p7fpFb} /f]zgn] eg] æx]nf] sdn .Æ
æx]nf] /f]zg s] 5 ltd|f] xfn vj/ <Æ
æPs bd} l7s 5' . d t ca ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf ;'vL dflg; kf]
ePsf] 5' . s'GtL t d}n] ;f]r]sf] eGbf xhf/ u'0ff c;n kf] 5] t ÛÆ
æs] u5f}F t < s'lGtsf] sfd ug{] z}nL s:tf] 5 < p;sf] sfdaf6
ltdL slt ;Gt'i6 eof} < p;nfO{ cfkm};Fu /fV5f} sL lkmtf{ k7fp5f}F <Æ
æd Psbd} ;Gt'i6 5' . d t ca s'lGtnfO{ s'g} d"Nodf klg
5f]8g ;lSbg . ltd|f] k};f d ef]nL g} vftfdf xfnL lbG5' . p;n] d]/f]
3/sf] sfofkn6 ul/lbPsL 5] . a? km';{b ldnfP/ Ps lbg ot} vfg
vfg] u/L cfp . s'lGtn] agfPsf] vfg]s'/f v'jfpF5' d ltdLnfO{ .Æ
æx'G5, d km';{b ldnfP/ Ps lbg cfpFnf . s'g} ;d:of k¥of] eg]
va/ u/ .Æ sdnn] kmf]g /flvlbP .
lbg, dlxgf, jif{ ljTb} uP . /f]zg ca k};66L jif{ k'uL;s]sf
lyP . s'GtL pgsf] 3/df cfPsf] klg rf/ jif{ k'uL;s]sf] lyof] . /
f]zgsf] :jf:y Psbd /fd|f] lyof] . l7s ;dodf lrof, gf:tf / vfgf,
l7s ;dodf ;'Tg] / p7g], laxfg dlg{ªjfs, plrt Jofofd / :gfg
tyf plrt :ofxf/ kfpFbfsf] bL3{hLlj x'Fb}g / < pgL ;dfhsf x/]s
sfo{df ;lqmo /xGy] . cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf pgsf] sfo{n] ubf{ s[lifdf
gofF ;'wf/ cfPsf] lyof] . sDKo'6/ 6fOKf, n]vg sfo{sf] nflu s'lGt 5b}
lyO{ . pgn] sof}F k6s cg';Gwfg d"ns ;]ldgf/df efu lnP . cGt/
f{li6«o ;]ldgf/df hfFbf s'lGtsf] :jLr ckm u/]/ hfGy] . o;/L hLjg
rnL/xsf] lyof] . 5f]/fa'xf/L g]kfn kms]{sf lyPgg . gftL s'gfn klg
ca afx| jif{ k'lu;s]sf] lyof] .

49. pgn] s]xL lbg b]lv s'lGtsf] Jojxf/df ;–;fgf] kl/jt{g ePsf]
dx;'; u/]sf lyP, t/ cfkm'nfO{ To:tf] nfu]sf] dfq xf]nf eg]/ w]/}
Wofg lbPsf lyPgg . Pslbg /f]zgnfO{ ;fdfGo ?3fvf]sL nfUof] .
xNsf Hj/f] klg cfof] . lj:t/fdf ;'tL /fv] . vfg klg sd vfP .
s'lGtn] k6s k6s kfgL ttfP/ NofO{ . lgwf/df lr;f] ?dfn /fvL lbO{
. kmnkm'nsf] /; lknfO{ . uf]8f bfaL lbO{ . skfn d';f/L lbO{ . pgL
n77 lgbfP . pgL ljplembf dWo/ft eO;s]sf] lyof] . s'lGt
cem} ;]jfdf g} h'6L/x]sL lyO{ . pgn] ;'Tg hfp geg]sfn] ;'Tg
guPsL xf]nL eg]/ ;'Tg] cfb]z lbP t/ p;n] ;'Tg dflgg . p;n]
egL, æ;/ xh'/ lj/fdL x'g'x'G5 . d ;'t]kl5 s;n] :ofxf/ u5{ < a?
d ef]nL ;"of{]bo ePkl5 3fddf a;]/ zlSt u|xg u?Fnf . clxn] xh'/
nfO{ 5f]8g ;lSbg .Æ
s'lGtn] cfb]zsf] cj1f ub{} Tof] /ft /f]zgsf] ;]jf ub{} ljtfO{ .
p;sf] /fd|f] :ofxf/n] /f]zgn] rf8} :jf:Yo nfe u/] .
/f]zgsf] r'/f]6= lkpg] jfgL lyof] . Ps lbg ;fFem kv r'/f]6 lkO/
x]sf lyP . s'lGtn] r'/f]6 vf];]/ kmflnlbO{ . p;n] egL–æ;/ xh'/n]
cfh P3f/j6f r'/f]6 lkO;Sg' eof] . dnfO{ dfkm ug'{ xf]nf . olt w]/}
r'/f]6 lkpg' /fd|f] xf]Og .Æ
/f]zgn] oL s'/fx? crDd dfg], /f]af]6df s;/L z/L/sf] lrGtf
x'G5 < sdnn] eg]sf lyP, …oGq dfgjdf ;dj]bgf x'b}g .Ú…of] s'/f
sdnnfO{ ;f]Wg' knf{ .Ú eGg] ;f]r] t/ s]xL ;do kl5 of] s'/f lj;{] .
To;sf] Ps dlxgf kl5 /f]zg ;fFem kfFr ah] cfpF5' eg]/ s'g} ;]ldgf/
df efu lng uPsf lyP . kms{bf ;fFem cf7 alh;s]sf] lyof] . 3/df
cfpFbf lrof gf:tf 6]a'ndf /fv]/ s'lGt klv{/x]sL lyO{ . Tof] lr;f]
eO;s]sf] lyof] . vfgf kfs]sf] lyPg . /f]zgn] s'lGtnfO{ eg]–æd 3/df
gx'Fbf lrof gf:tf gagfpg' eg]sf], ltdL lsg dfGb}gf}F < hfp vfgf
ksfpg .Æ

50. s'lGtn] sk, Kn]6 p7fO{ / ?g kf] yfnL . p;n] vfgf ksfpFbf
klg /f]O/x]sL lyO{ .
ælsg /f]Psf] <Æ egL /f]zgn] ;f]Wbf p;n] egL æxh'/
nfO{ cfhef]nL d}n] agfPsf] vfg ld7f] nfUg 5f]8]sf] 5 . ljxfg
l/;fpg' ef] . cfh kfFr ah] cfpF5' eg]/ cf7 ah] dfq kms{g' eof] .
xh'/n] d]/f] dgsf] s'/f slxn} a'emg' ePg .Æ
s'lGtsf s'/f ;'g]/ /f]zg em;ªu eP . pgn] of] /f]af]6 xf]
sL ;fRrLs} :jf:gL dflg; xf] 5'6ofpg ;s]gg . /f]af]6 egf}
F ;Dk"0f{ dfgjLo nIf0fx? b]vfO/x]sL 5] . dflg; egf}F Jof6«L rfh{ u/]/
rNb5] . pgn] t'?Gt kmf]g nufP/ sdnnfO{ ;a} s'/f atfP .
ptfaf6 sdnn] eg]–æ/f]zg, of] Hofb} g/fd|f] s'/f ;'gfof} .
oGqdfgjdf ;dj]bgf cfpg' eg]sf] dfgj ;d'bfodf vt/f lglDtg' xf]
. p;n] h'g;'s} ;dodf klg 3ft ug{ ;S5] . l/df]6 lyr]/ :jLr ckm
ul/b]p . c? s'/f d cfPkl5 u/f}nf .Æ
/f]zgn] l/df]6 knªusf] 3/f{df /fVy] . ToxfF l/df]6 lyPg . st}
v:of] sL eg]/ otfptf vf]h] . l/df]6 st} lyPg . pgn] s'lGtnfO{ æl/
df6 v} <Æ eg]/ ;f]w] .
p;n] xfF:b} egL –æl/df]6 t d}n] kmflnlbP“ . dnfO{ lsg l/
df]6af6 rnfpg' k5{ / < d cfkm}F rNg ;S5' , lx8g ;S5', sfd
ug{ ;S5', af]Ng ;S5', ;a} sfd ug{ ;S5' . d klg c? :jf:gL
dflg;h:t} ;a} s'/f ljrf/ ug{ ;S5' .Æ
sl/j gf} ah]lt/ sdn cfOk'u] . b'a}hgf crDddf k/]sf lyP .
sdnn] eg]–æd}n] o;sf] s]Gb|Lo :gfo' k|0ffnLdf :jf:gL
dflg;sf :gfo' tGt'x? klg k|of]u u/]sf] lyP“ . ;fob To;df j}rfl/s
tGt'x?sf] ;DaGw lj:tf/ ePsf] x'g ;S5 . To;sf] nflu k|of]uzfnfdf
lnP/ kl/If0f ug'{kg{] x'G5 . o;nfO{ d lnP/ hfG5' . olb ;dj]bgf

51. ljsf; x'g] sf/0f kTtf nfu]g eg] s'lGtsf] cGTo g} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
x'g]5 .Æ
æsdn, s'lGtsf] e/df g} d]/f] k|f0f cus]sf] 5 . d o;sf]
ljbfO{ s;/L ug{ ;S5' < clxn] g} s]xL pkfo 5}g <Æ
æof] afx]s csf]{ pkfo g} 5}g .o;nfO{ olTts} 5f8of] eg] 7"nf]
cgy{ x'g ;Sb5 .Æ sdnn] olt eGb} s'GtLnfO{ af]nfP/ eg] æs'GtL
ltdL d;+u hfg'kg]{ eof], rfF8} tof/ xf]p .Æ
ægfO{, d hfGg . dnfO{ oxL 3/ dg k5{ . dnfO{ cg]q hfg] dg
5}g . d gePkl5 ;/nfO{ vfgf s;n] lbG5 < sk8f s;n] ;kmf u5{<
pxfFnfO{ t lrof vfg klg s/ ug'{k5{ . g'xfpg klg ;Demfpg' k5{ .Æ
s'lGtn] egL .
æx'Fb}g, ltdL d;Fu hfg} kb{5 . ltd|f] Onfh gu/L ePsf] 5}g .
gq eg] b'O{–rf/ lbg leq ltd|f] cjzfg x'g]5 . ltd|f] rfF8} Onfh eof]
eg] km]/L cfFpg ;sf}nL . clxn] hfg} k5{, tof/L u/ .Æ sdnn] hf]8
lbP/ eg] .
s'lGtn] b'j}hgfsf] nflu vfgf nufO{ . kmnkm'n sf6]/ ;nfb tof/
kf/L . vfgf vfPkl5 efF8fx? ;kmf u/L . 3/ j/Lk/L ;j}lt/ ;kmf u/L
. sk8fx? k6ofP/ b/fhdf /fvL lbO{ . /f]zgsf] lj:t/f ldnfO{ lbO{ .
em'n /fvL lbO{ . ?Fb} uP/ sk8f abnL . cfP/ /f]zgsf] v'66f 5f]O{,
clg ?b} egL–æd clxn] hfG5' . rfF8} Onfh u/]/ kms{g] 5' . d}n] s]xL
b'Mv lbPsf] eP Ifdf ug'{xf]nf . d xh'/nfO{ ;DemL/xg] 5' . dnfO{glj;
{g' xf]nf . ljxfg l7s ;dodf p7]/ g'xfpg' xf]]]]nf . dlg{ªjfsaf6
kms{]kl5 kmnkm'n sf6]/ lk|mhdf /fvL lbPsL 5', vfg'xf]nf . sk8f k|];
u/]/ b/fhdf /fvL lbPsL 5' . r'/f]6 w]/} glkpg'xf]nf . ljxfg 5 ah]
b'wjfnf cfpF5 . glj;{g'xf]nf . vfg]s'/f ;dodf vfg'xf]nf . s'g} ;dfg
ge]6fP dnfO{ va/ ug'{xf]nf . d uP klg d]/f] ;Demgf xh'/;Fu} 5 . d
hfG5' .Æ otL eGb} s'lGt km]/L efG;fdf uO{ . b'wsf] lunf; NofP/ /

52. f]zgsf] 6]j'ndf /fvL lbO{ clg lxSs lxSs ?Fb} uP/ sdnsf] sf/df
a;L . sdnn] sf/ :6f6{ u/] .
/f]zg t 8fFsf] 5f]8]/ ?g yfn] . o;/L t pgL zfGtfsf] d'To' x'Fbf
klg /f]Psf lyPgg . 5f]/fn] 3/ 5f]8bf /f]Psf lyPgg . s'lGt uPkl5
sf/ rn]sf] cfjfh ;'g] . p7g] dg nfu]g . cl3 ;Dd Hofb} /dfONff]
nfUg] 3/ clxn] e't aªunf h:tf] nfUof], pgnfO{ . lj:t/fdf kN6]/
w]/} j]/ /f]P .
&= gofF ;fOsn
ljxfg kfFr ah]sf] ;dodf p7]/ h'gls/L s/fpFb} lyO{, æof] 3/sf
dflg; slt ;'Tg hfg]sf x'g <, afa' p:t}, 5f]/f5f]/L p:t} . ;a}lt/
cfkm}F x]g'{ kg{] . 3/sf] ;/ ;dfg x/fPsf] klg yfxf 5}g . s;}n] ;a}
wg ;DklTt rf]/]sf] klg yfxf 5}g . s] ePsf x'g <Æ
d em6k6 p7“] clg lj:t/faf6} ;f]w“] æs] eof] P ;f]d]sL cfdf
<lsg laxfg} s/fO/x]sL <Æ
æ;a} yf]s eof] gL Û lxhf] sf]lnofsf] 9f]sf nufpg} la;{]5 . ltdL
To:t}, of] ;f]d] p:t} . rd]nL / h'gfsf] t emg s] s'/f ug{] < s;} g
s;}sf] t r]t cfpg' k5{ . of] 3/sf dflg; x'g / < ;f]Tt/ :ofpnf
x'g . r]t x/fPsf .Æ p kmtkmtfpb} lyO{ cfkmg} ;'/df .
æcfkmg} ;'/df slt s/fO /x]sL < s'/f s] xf] eg g Û s'/f eGg'
5}g . s/fPsL 5,5 .Æ d}n] k'gM eg] .
æs] x'g' lg < d]/f] ;fOsn 5}g . rf]/n] nu]5 . 9f]sf gnufPsf]
df}sf kf/]kl5 lng] g} eof] gL Û ca s]df r9]/ hfg] gL clkm; < ca
k/]g km;fb .Æ p cfugdf emf? nufpFb} s/fO/x]sL lyO{ .
dnfO{ ofb cfof], of] ;fOsn @)%% ;fn cfiff8 % ut] lsg]sL
lyO, p;n] . clxn] ;fOsn lsg]sf] kGb| jif{ eO;s]sf]

53. lyof] . ;fob ;f]d] hGd]s} ;fn xf] . Tof] a]nf h'gsLl/nfO{ Pshgf
cfkmGtn] lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no afFs]df lkogsf] hflu/ nufO{ lbPsf
lyP . Tof] a]nf ;f]d] 5 dlxgfsf] lyof] . d g]kfn uGhsf] kmTt]jfn
cfFvf c:ktfndf rf}lsbf/ lyP“ . vr{ r]/} lyPg . p;n] x'nfs
sfof{noaf6 a'em]sf] klxnf] dlxgfsf] tnaaf6 Tof] ;fOsn lsg]sL
lyO{ . cfFvf c:ktfnsf] glhs} sf]7f ef8fdf lnP/ a;]sf lyof}F . b'j}
hgfn] sdfpg] ePkl5 s]xL k};f art eof] . d]/f] 8o'l6 /ftdf x'g]
ePsf]n] lbge/L d aRrf x]/]/ a:y]F . xfdLn] Tof] j]nf km'N6]“u|f /f]8sf]
aflx/ k66L laz xhf/df 38]/L lnof}F . kl5 To;}df a}Fsaf6 C0f lnP/
rf/sf]7fsf] 3/ klg agfof+} . To; a]nf hLjg /fd|f] x'Fb} hfg] s'/fdf
xfdL 9'Ss lyof}F .
;do ljTb} uof] . dx+uL a9b} uof] . kl5 rd]nL / h'gfsf] hGd
eof] . % hgfsf] kl/jf/sf] kfng kf]if0f ug'{, a}Fssf] Aofh ltg'{,
kfx'gfx?sf] ;Tsf/ ug'{, rf8kj{x? dgfpg',cf}iflw pkrf/ ug'{ lkog /
rf}lsbf/sf] hflu/n] slt y]Ug] < kl5 5f]/f5f]/L :s'n hfg yfn]kl5
vr{ emg a9of] . vr{ wfGg ufx|f] x'Fb} uof] . h'gsL/Lsf] ;fOsn k'/fgf]
x'Fb} uof] . lju|]sf ;dfg abNbf abNbf Tof] a'9f] ;fOsndf larsf]
808L afx]s cfkmgf] s]xL ar]sf] lyPg . ;fOsn rnfpFbf
s6s6====s6s6=== =r'O{r'O{=======r'O{r'O{sf] cfjfh lbGYof] . x'nfs
sfof{noaf6 3/ ;Ddsf ;a}n] h'gls/LnfO{ lrgL ;s]sf lyP, x'nfssf]
lkog eg]/ . lrn h:t} cfjfh lgsfNg] ;fOsn r9g] x'gn] p;sf]
gfd s;}n] lrnufl8 /fvL lbof] . Tof] gfd ;a}lt/ k|rf/ ePsf] lyof] .
p;n] ;fOsn rnfpFbf cfjfhaf6} dflg;x?n] lrnufl8 xf]nf eg]/
lrGby]F . ;fOsn rnfpg klg v'j hf]8 nufpg' kb{Yof] . slxn] sflxF
Tof] ;fOsn r9]/ t/sf/L lng hfFbf /fgL tnfpsf] ;AhL d08L k'u]/
kms{g klg dnfO{ lgs} sl7g kb{Yof] . h'gls/L s;/L lbglbg} ;fOsn
r9]/ clkm; hfFg] cfpg] uyL{, dnfO{ crDd nfUYof] .

54. k6s k6s d}n] p;nfO{ of] yf]qmf] ;fOsn slt r95]; < kmflnb]
. b'O gDa/ cfn' t s;/L gcfpnf < csf{] ;fOsn lsg . Ps
dlxgfsf] tnj t hfg] xf] gL eg]/ ;fOsn lsGg s/ u/]sf] lyP“ .
p;n] eGg] uly{ æ3/sf] C0f lt/L ;s]kl5 lsgf}Fnf gL Û clxn]
sfd rn]s} 5 . lbgdf b'O{ k6s r9g' kg{] t xf]gL ;fOsn . 5f]/fsf]
6o';g kmL, 5f]/Lsf] 8«]; lsGg' 5 . lsg C0f af]Sg] <Æ
3/sf] C0f eg] 36g]sf] gfd} lyPg . Aofh a'emfof] . ;fFjf t
a;]s} x'GYof] . of] a+}sn] g} vfPsf] lyof] tnj ;a} . xfdL t sfd
u¥of], xf8 3f]6of], dlxgfsf] tnj a'emof], uP/ Aofh a'emfof] . a?
ef8fd} a;]sf] eP clxn] ;Dd a'emfPsf] Aofhaf6 o:tf t b'Oj6f 3/
aGy]F xf]nf . d}n] eGy] æ;f]d]sL cfdf, of] 3/sf] C0f slxn] klg
lt/]/ ;lsg] 5}g . slt b'Mv u5{]; < Pp6f /fd|f] ;fOsn lsg . lsg]
kl5 lsGof lsGo} x'G5 . C0f 5 eGb}df ef]s} a:g' t ePg gL ÛÆ
æxf]Og, clxn] lsGbLg . 5f]/fn] !@ sIff ;sf]; . Tof] a]nf ;Dd
rd]nL / h'gf klg d]l6«s unf{g lg Û vr{ 36of] eg] t ;a} k};f C0f
ltg{df nufofF} eg] hfaf] C0f ltg{ sltj]/ nfUnf t < To;kl5
Pp6f /fd|f] ;fOsn lsG5' . Pp6f ;'gsf] l;s|L nufpg klg dg
nfu]sf] 5 . Tof] klg lsG5' . clg t km'tL{ cfOxfN5 gL ÛÆ
æ;f]d]sL cfdf, d]/f] t hflu/ :yfoL slxn} ePg . k|fOe]6
c:ktfn g k¥of] . a? t]/f] t ;/sf/L hflu/, :yfoL ePsf] klg
cf7÷bz jif{ eO ;Sof] . ;+ro sf]ifdf t k};f hDdf eof] xf]nf lg,
ToxL NofP/ C0f lt/f}F . slt C0f af]Sg] <Æ d}n] eGy]F .
p;n] eGg] uyL{ æx'Gg a'9f, Tof] k};fn] t d of] xfd|f] 3/
k5fl8sf] hUuf lsGg] xf] . clnslt t/sf/L /f]Kg] 7fpF klg t rflxof]
gL, C0f eGg] s'/f ltb{} u/f}Fnf gL Û lsg xtf/ ug{] <Æ
dnfO{ yfxf lyof], p;sf] OR5f slxn] klg k'/f x'g] lyPg . 5f]/
f5f]/Lsf] k9fO{ cem} ;lsPsf] lyPg . g]kfndf a]/f]huf/Lsf] b/ olt w]/}
lyof] sL logLx?n] hflu/ kfpFg] 5}gg . hflu/sf] nflu klg ;f];{ kmf];{

55. rflxG5 . cfkmgf] To:tf] s]xL 5}g . 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ug'{ k¥of] .
Tolt ubf{ ub{} hflu/ vfg] pd]/ ;lsG5 . a'9];sfn nfUof] eg] cg]s
lsl;dsf /f]ux?n] RofK5g . cf]vtL d'nf] d} slt k};f hfG5 . ufpF3/
sf Oi6ldqsf 3/df ePsf k'hfcfhf, ljjfxx?df k};f g} rflxg] .
hdfgf ablnO{ ;Sof] . htf uof] k};} rflxG5 . rGbf, bfg blIf0ff,
rf8kj{ cflbsf] vr{ a9]sf] a9o} 5 . 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] df]jfOnsf] dfu
u5{g . df]jfOn lsg]/ dfq sxfF x'G5 < Todf k};f xfnL /xg' k5{ .
To;}n] 3/sf] C0f lt/L ;s]/ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fO ;s]/
gofF ;fOsn / ;'gsf] l;qmL lsGg] h'gsLl/sf] /x/ slxn} k'/f x'g]jfnf
lyPg .
d}n] eGy]F æ;f]d]sL cfdf, xfd|f] bl/b|tf slxn} x6g] 5}g . of] yf]qf]
;fOsnn] tnfO{ s'g} lbg b'3{6gf u/fpg] 5 . 3'F8f b'Vg] /f]u hufpg]
5 . of] ;fOsn a]r . s]xL /sd yk]/ csf{] cnL /fd|f] ;fOsn lsg .
b'O{ lbgsf] hLjg t xf] . slt nf]e u5{]; <Æ
p;n] eGyL æof] rfgr'g] ;fOsn sxfF xf] / < of] t
P6n; ;fOsn kf] t Ûo;n] Ps SjLG6n ef/L t ;lhn} af]S5 .
nf]esf] s'/f xf]Og a'9f, of] kmf/f]ltgf]sf] s'/f xf] . k};f arfPkl5 s'g}
lbg sfd nfU5 .Æ
k};f t slxn] arfpg ;lsGYof] / < k};f cfpg] af6f] Pp6f dfq
lyof] . vr{ x'g] af6fx? xhf/j6f lyP . xfd|f] 3/ hfh/sf]6 8fF8fufpF
uflj; j8f g+ % df lyof] . w]/} ;Gtfg O{Zj/sf j/bfg eGg] pvfg
xfd|f] 3/df nfu' lyof] . xfdL % efOx? / $ lbbL alxgLx?sf] kfng
kf]if0fsf] lhDdf kfPsf d]/f af–cfdf;Fu yf]/} le/fnf] hUuf / Ps xn
uf]? tyf !% j6f afv|fx? lyP . xfdL ;a} efO alxgLn] k|fylds tx
eGbf dfly k9g ;s]gf}F . vfgf nufpg lgs} sl7g k/]sf] lyof] .
lbg/ft xf8 3f]6]/ d]/f af cfdf k/d]Zj/sf] e/df afFRg' ePsf] lyof] .
hlt b'v kbf{ klg x] b}j t}F 5; eGg' x'GYof] . d ;flxFnf] lyP . d}n]
Pslbg larf/ u/] slDtdf d geP kl5 Pp6f efu t sd x'G5 .

56. nufpgnfO{ Pp6f ef]6L t sd x'G5 . To;}n] Ps lbg /ftL 3/af6
efu]“ . pHofnf] gx'Fb} l/Dgfsf] k'n kf/ ul/;s]sf] lyP“ . st} dfUb},
st} rf]/L ub{}, t/fOdf em/]“ . g]kfn uGhsf] Pp6f xf]6ndf efF8f dfem]F
. kl5 s;}af6 yfxf kfP“, cfFvf c:ktfndf rf}lsbf/ vf]h]sf] 5 . d]/f]
;a} s'/f ;'g]kl5 rf}sLbf/ sfd kfP“ . ot} a:g yfNbf b}n]vaf6
a;fO{ ;/L sDbLdf cfPsf d]/f ;;'/fsf] klg l:ylt p:t} lyof] . d]/
L ;f;' / h'gls/L cfdf 5f]/L bfp/f a]r]/ u'h/f rnfpy]F . bfp/ lsGg]
qmddf h'gls/L ;Fu e]6 eof] . dfof lk|lt a;]kl5 ljjfx u/]“, glhs}
sf] xl6of afaf dlGb/df uP/ . b'j} hgfn] ;fg} ePklg sfd kfpFbf /
zx/df 3/ agfpFbf d]/f cfkmGtx?n] crDd dfg] . 7'nf] dflg; ePsf],
zx/df 3/ agfPsf], w]/} k};f sdfPsf] xNnf eP5 . To;}n] kfx'gfx?
klg cfFpg] g} eP . cfkmgf] xfnt eg] ul/jsf] ul/j} . dflg;x?
eGy]F . ul/jsf bfp, slxn] klg gcfp . d]/L h'gls/L lgs} 7'nf] ;kgf
b]VbyL t/ xfd|f] ul/jLsf] vfN8f] emg emg a9b} hfGYof] .
;fOsn rf]/L ePsf] ;'g]/ d}n] eg]“ æcfh aNn
ljwtfn] ;'g]5g . ca gofF ;fOsn r9g kfpg] eO; . gs/f ca .
Tof] k'/fgf] ;fOsnsf] nf; xfd|f] 3/df /x] ;Dd tF To;}nfO{ l3;f/L /
xg] lyO; . h] u5{g k/d]Zj/n] c;n} u5{g eg]sf] oxL xf] .Æ
æcfhaf6 s;/L hfg] t clkm; < xfdL;Fu t clxn] ;fOsn
lsGg] k};f g} 5}g . ;+ro sf]ifaf6 k};f lgsfNg] t ;fOsn lsGgnfO{ <
dnfO{ t Tof] ;fOnssf] lgs} dfof kf] nfUYof] t Û To;} ;fOsnn]
dnfO{ ;fOsn l;sfof], ;fOsn r9g] agfof] . oqf] jif{ dnfO{ af]s]/
cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ u/fof] . sL/f k/f]; ;fOsn rf]/sf] xftdf . To;sf] enf]
gxf]; .Æ p;n] ;Ttf] ;/fk ul//xL .
d}n] eg] ækL/ gu/ . o:t} k5{ eg]/ d}n] cf7÷bz xhf/ ?k}ofF
n'sfP/ /fv]sf] 5' . t“nfO{ c? s]xL lbg g;s] klg Pp6f /fd|

57. f] ;fOsn lsgL lbG5' . a? cfh xflsdnfO{ eg]/ Pslbg 5'66L
dfu . ?k}l8xf uP/ ;fOsn lnP/ cfFpnf .Æ
ef]nL kN6 h'gsL/L clkm;af6 kms{bf h'gls/L h:t} anL/x]sL
pHofnL lyO{ . v';L x'Fb} sfOsnaf6 em/L . ;fOsn 8f]¥ofpb}
cfkmgf] ;'Tg] sf]7} leq /fv]/ cfO{ . d cfFugdf d'9fdf a;]/ s;}n]
af6f]df kmfn]sf] lxGbL klqsfsf] kfgf x]l/x]sf] lyP“ . p;sf] xFl;nf]
cg'xf/ b]v]/ d}n] eg] æcfh v'a v';L ePsL 5]; lg lsg xf] < ls
gofF ;fOsn r9g kfP/ v';L ePsL xf]; .Æ
æ;f]d]sf af, x]/ g cfh t af6f]df ;a}n] dnfO{ awfO{ lbP .
clkm;df klg xflsd ;fan] t ld7fO{ g} v'jfpg' ef] . dnfO{ t pxfFn]
cfhaf6 xnsf/f d} a9'jf ul/lbg' ef] . ;fOsn /fd|f] ePsf] eP t d
klxn] g} xnsf/f eO ;Sg] /lx5' . d]/f] tnj klg csf{] dlxgf b]lv Ps
xhf/ a9L x'g] ef] . of] ;fOsnn] t dnfO{ ug'{ u¥of] gL ÛÆ olt eGb}
p;n] d]/f] d'vdf n88' xflnlbO{ . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ klg n88' v'jfO{ .
gofF d]/L uf]N8 ;fOsn xfd|f] knªusf] l;/fgdf l7ªu plePsf] lyof] .
p;n] eGb} lyO{ æca t d of] ;fOsn sf]7} leq /fVb5' . rf]/n] s;/L
rf]bf{]/x]5 < x]/f}Fnf .Æ
d}n] dgdg} eg] …lar/L h'gls/L, Pp6f gofF ;fOsn kfpFbf olt ljlw
v';L x'G5] . xfdL g]kfnLx?sf ;–;fgf rxfgfx? 5g . tLg} ;–;fgf
OR5fx? g} k'/f ug{ ;Sb}gf} xfdLx? . xfdL g]kfnLx?sf] b'b{;f
slxn] ;'w|g] xf]nf <Ú
*= k|lt1f
p sIffsf] cl3Nnf] a]Grdf a:bYof] . 3'ld|Psf] skfn, cUnf], uf]/f]
z/L/, nfdf] gfs, afSnf], sfnf] cfFvL e'O{, 7"nf cfFvf, kftnf] z/L/,
ldn]sf bfFt lyP, p;sf . d}n] gfk]/ x]l/g / ;f]lwg klg t/ cGbfhL
5 kmL6 cUnf] lyof] p . p lgs} kftnf] lyof] t/ klg ;'Gb/ b]lvGYof] .

58. p;sf] d':s'/fx6 lgs} lx:;L k/]sf] lyof] . sd d"Nosf] sk8faf6
ag]sf] ;]tf] ;6{ / sfnf] kfOG6 /fd|f] ;'xfFpYof] . v'66fdf slxn} h'Ttf
b]Vg kfOPg . ;fob ul/j eP/ xf]nf, ;w}F af6f rKkn nufpYof] .
h:tf] udL{ xf]; of hf8f] p;sf] klx/0f olTt g} lyof] .
sIffdf ;aeGbf t]h pxL lyof] . dx]Gb| a'x'd'lv SofDk; g]kfn uGhsf]
k'j{ tkm{sf] 7'nf] ljlN8ªusf pTt/ tkm{sf b'Oj6f sf]7fx?df cfO{=sd=
k|yd jif{ / lblto jif{sf] k9fO{ x'GYof] . b'O{ jif{ oxfF /xFbf p;sf] klx/
0f kl/jt{g ePg .
krkGg hgf ljbofyL{x?df xfdL kfFr hgf dfq 5fqfx? lyof}F .
d, piff, b]jsL, /Def / cr{gf . @)#%÷#^ ;fnlt/ SofDk; k9g]
s]6Lx? eg]kl5 x'g]vfg] kl/jf/s} x'Gy] . d klg alb{ofaf6 cfPsL
x'g]vfg] kl/jf/s} j|fxd0f o'jtL . t} klg lsg xf] s'GgL ToxL ul/j
s]6f] dnfO{ dg kYof{] . p v8sfsf] 5f]/f] lyof] . Tof] ;dodf pkfWofo
j|fXd0f s]6L If]qL;Fu ljjfx ug{' eg]sf] c5't;Fu ljjfx ug'{ h:t} lyof]
. ;dfhdf cg'xf/ b]vfpg ;lsb}gYof] . d eg] lbg k|ltlbg ToxL
s]6f]nfO{ dfof ub{} uPsL lyPF . Ps lsl;dn] eGg] xf] eg] p ;Fu x'?
Ss} ePsL lyPF . p;n] xfdLnfO{ pRr 3/fgfsf s]6Lx? eg]/ xf]nf
jf:tf ub{}gYof] . d}n] klg w]/} ;do ;Dd d ltdLnfO{ dfof u5{'
eGg ;lsg . Ps lbg 8]/fdf af]nfP/ vfhf v'jfPsL lyP“, t/ s]xL
eGg} ;lsg . d]/f] 8]/f b]jf km'njf/Ldf lyof] . b]jsL / d ;Fu} a:Yof} .
p u8l/og k'jf{sf] Pp6f vfnL 3/df PSn} a:Yof] . Tof] 3/sf] Pp6f
sf]7fdf dfq 9f]sfsf] kNnf lyof] . emofnsf kNnfx? lyPgg . lah'nL
klg lyPg . 3/ agfpFbf agfpFb} cw'/} 5f]l8Psf] lyof] . g]kfn uGh
h:tf] clt udL{ / clt hf8f] x'g], xfjfx'/L rNg] 7fpFdf p s;/L
a:Yof] xf]nf < crDd nfU5 .
cfO{=sd=sf] kmfOgn k/LIff lbP/ p 3/ uPsf] lyPg . p;sf] 3/
;Nofg atfFpYof] . d}n] klg sf]7f 5f]8]sL lyOg . b]jsL eg] sf]7f
5f]8]/ uO{ . d alb{of cfkmgf] 3/ kms{]klg slxn] sfFxL g]kfn uGh

59. cfpFbf af, cfdf, d ToxL a:g] uYof}F .8]/f g5f]8bf ;lhn} ePsf]
lyof] . alb{of jf;LnfO{ g]kfn uGh cfpFg] sfd klg k/L/xGYof] .
p;Fu slxn] sfxL e]6 x'GYof]. p;n] k/LIffkmn k|sflzt gx'Fbf ;Dd
sGx}of j:qfnodf sfd u/]/ vfgkLgsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] .
cfO{=sd= sf] glthf ltg dlxgfkl5 c;f]hlt/ k|sflzt eof] . d]/f]
eGbf bz cªs a9L NofP/ p k|yd >]0fLdf SofDk; 6k/ eP/ pTtL0f{
eof] . krkGg hgfsf] xfd|f] Jofrdf k}+lt; hgfn] cfO{= sd=
pTtL0f{ u/]5f}F .
ToxL jif{ d+l;/ dlxgfdf g]kfn a}Fs lnld6]8df sd{rf/Lsf]
lj1fkg v'Nof] . xfdLn] bvf{:t lbg kfpg] gf=;'= ;/xsf] kfFrf} txdf
kGb| l;6 v'n]sf] lyof] . To;df d}n] lgj]bg xfn]F . d]/} ;Nnfxdf p;n]
klg lgj]bg xfNof] . xfdL b'j} 5flgof}F . rfG; klg o:tf] eof] sL xfdL
b'j} l;6L clkm; g]kfn uGhd} kf]l:6ª eof}+ .
Pp6f clkm;df ePkl5 ef]63f6 eO/xg] g} eof] . lrof vfgf
hfFbf ;Fu} hfGYof+} . d]/f] / p;sf] lardf w]/} s'/fx? x'Gy]F . lrof
vfhfsf] k};f dnfO{ ltg{ lbb}gYof] . ;fx}| ;/n / ldhfl;nf]
dfG5] . ;a};Fu l;i6tfk"j{s zAbx? tf}n]/ ld7f] af]Ng], slxn} s;};Fu
gl/;fpg], ;/n /:tl/o efiff af]Ng], csf{nfO{ dbbt ug{], af]Nbf xfF;]/
af]Ng], ;xof]uL / OdfGbf/ ePsf]n] p clkm;df ;a}sf] Kof/f] lyof] .
xflsdn] h] sfd lbP klg gcflTtP/ ;dod} sfd k'/f uYof{] . ToxfF
sfd ug{] tLg÷rf/ hgf s]6Lx? lyof}F xfdL, hf] ljjfx u/]sf lyPgf}F .
pgLx? ;a} p;Fu ;DaGw agfpg vf]Hy] t/ d;Fu a9L a;p7 b]v]/
klG5P .
p;sL cfdf ;fg}df ljTg' ePsf]n] a'jfn] sfG5L cfdf ljjfx u/L
Nofg' ePsf] /] Û sfG5L cfdfaf6 tLg efO{ / Ps alxgL 5g eGbYof] .
p;sf] cfdfaf6 pm PSn} . sfG5L cfdf cfPkl5 p;n] cfdf a'jfsf]
Kof/ slxn} kfPg . ;fob ToxL sf/0f xf]nf pm slxn} 3/ hfFb}gYof] .
o:tf] x'Fbf emg dnfO{ dfof a9]/ cfpFYof] . ca d}n] p ;Fu k|]d k|:tfj

60. /fVg] lgwf] u/]“ . Ps lbg p;nfO{ cfkmg} 8]/fdf vfg vfg] lgDtf]
lbP“, ljxfgsf] ;dodf . Tof] lbg ;+ljwfg lbj;sf] ljbf lyof] . vfgf
vfg] ;dodf d}n] ;f]w]F æ?ks d Pp6f s'/f eg' < d}n] w]/} lbg b]lv
of] s'/f eGg] ljrf/ u/]sL lyP“ t/ eGg} ;s]sL 5}g .Æ
æegg, s] s'/f xf] <Æ
æltdL g/fd|f] t dfGb}gf}F <Æ
ædflGbg, lsg dfGg' <Æ
æltdLn] s'g} s]6L;Fu k|]d u/]sf 5f}<Æ
æcfh ;Dd t 5}g Æ
æltdLNffO{ dg k/fpg] sf]xL s]6L eP s] u5f}{<Æ
ædnfO{ dg k/fpg] sf]xL 5 h:tf] nfUb}g .Æ
æs;}n] dg k/fPsf] eP ltdL p;Fu ljjfx u5f}F{{ <Æ
æTo:tf] s'/f clxn] ;Dd ;f]r]sf] 5}g .Æ
æltdLnfO{ 9fF6]/ s] ug'{ < d ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5'<Æ
æltdL ;fx|} hftL 5f}, ;'Gb/ 5f}, k9]n]v]sL 5f}, zflng 5f}, dfofn'
5f}, c? slt eg' <Æ
æs] ltdL dnfO{ dfof ub{}gf}< d t SofDk; k9bf b]lv g}
ltdLnfO{ dg k/fpF5' .Æ
æof] s'/f tkm{ d}n] slxn] klg ;f]lrg . ltdL wgL kl/jf/sL a|
fXd0f s]6L, d lgs} ul/j kl/jf/sf] If]qLsf] 5f]/f] . xfd|f] hft, eft /
ju{ klg gldNg] . ltdL d;Fu s;/L dfof ug{ ;S5of} < Ifl0fs
cfj]usf] e/df dfof u/]klg hLjg u'hfg{ ;Sg] 5}gf} . To;}n] of] s'/f
x'g ;Sb}g .Æ
ædnfO{ hfteft, wlg u/Lj, ;fgf] 7'nf] s]xL rflx“b}g . ltd|f]
rfn rng dg k¥of] . dnfO{ ltdL eP k'U5 . ca c? s'/f gu/ .
vfnL olTt s'/f eg sL d ltdLNfO{ /fd|L nfU5' ls nflUbg <Æ

61. ælutfGhnL, ltdL olt ;'Gb/ 5f} . ltdLnfO{ /fd|f] gnfUg]
dfG5] ;fob} sf]xL xf]nf . ltdL dnfO{ c;fWo /fd|f] nfU5, t/ clxn] d
k|]d ug{] / ljjfx ug{] d'8df 5}g .Æ p;n] o:tf] egL/xFbf
dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] ls s]6fsf] hft /fd|f] s]6L b]Vbf cfslif{t geO
5f]8b}gg . p klg s'g 8ofªsf] d'nf xf]nf / d h:tL ;'Gb/
wgL, ;'lzn / lzlIft s]6L kfpFbf gfO{ eGnf .
d}n] eg] æl7s} 5 . ltd|f] hLjgdf c? sf]xL s]6L 5}g . d
ltdLnfO{ /fd|L nfU5' . of] eGbf dnfO{ c? s] rflxG5 / < k|]d eGg] s'/
f Ps} /ftdf x'g] s'/f xf]Og, lj:tf/} x'Fb} hfnf . dnfO{ klg clxn] g}
ljjfx ug]{ xtf/ 5}g .Æ
p s]xL af]n]g . Tof] lbg lbpF;f] afx| ah] pm cfkmgf] sf]7flt/
uof] . hflu/ ePkl5 pm /fdafu lt/ lah'nL kfgL ePsf] /fd|f] sf]7fdf
;/]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] e]63f6 p7a; rlng} /Xof] . slxn] d p;sf] 8]/
fdf hfGy“], slxn] cfk"msxfF af]nfpFy] . d]/f ;fyLx? ;a}n] xfd|
f] ;DaGwsf] af/]df yfxf kfO;s]sf lyP . 3/df eg] s;}nfO{ yfxf
lyPg . pm st} hfFbf dnfO{ lbg s6fpg d'l:sn kYof]{ . To;}n] nfdf
nfdf lr¶L n]Vy]F . p;n] lj/n} lr¶L n]VYof] . n]v] klg ;fwf/0f cf}
krfl/s s'/fsfgL ePsf ;+lIfKt x'Gy] . d eg] …ltdLnfO{ dfof u5'{,
cfO{ ne o', d]/f] /fhf, d]/f] k|f0f, sf]6Lsf]6L Kof/, sf]6Lsf]6L r'DagÚ
egL n]Vy]F . eljiodf 3/ sxfF agfpg], 5f]/f5f]/L slt hGdfpg], stf
k9fpg] cflb nufot sfNklgs bfDkTo hLjgsf s'/fx? n]Vy“] . e]6
x'Fbf klg p;n] /fd|L 5f}, ;'Gb/ 5f}, dfofn' 5f}, ;'zLn 5f}, c;n 5f},
hftL 5f}, OdfGbf/ 5f}, ldn;f/ 5f} t eGbYof], t/ d dfof u5'{, d]/L /
fgL, d]/L Kof/L slxn} eg]g . dnfO{ eg] cFufnf] df/] x'GYof], r'Dag u/]
x'GYof] h:tf] nfUYof] . glhs} 6fFl;P/ a:bf klg p cljrn /xGYof] . p
t dnfO{ alxgL h:tf] kf] dfof uYof]{ . lj/fdL kbf{ xl:k6n n}hfg], /
fte/ hfu|d a;]/ ;]jf ug]{ uYof]{ . s'g} ;d:of kbf{ hLp Hofg

62. lbP/ ;xof]u uYof]{ . /fte/ ;'Tb}gYof] . k};fsf] klg d2t ug{ vf]HYof] .
d g} lnFb}gy“] . o:t} u/L ltg jif{ ljt]5 . kQ} ePg . dnfO{ cfdf,
afn] ljjfx ug{sf nflu s/ ug{ yfNg' ePsf] lyof] . pd]/ klg @$ jif{
e};s]sf] lyof] . Tof] a]nf 5f]/Lsf] pd]/, To;df klg a|fXd0fsL 5f]/Lsf]
pd]/ @$ jif{ eg]sf] a'9L sGof h:t} dflgGYof] . s]xL lbg t ljleGg
axfgf agfP/ 6f/“] t/ kl5 t af–cfdfn] lgs} s/ ug{ yfNg' eof] .
e]6 eof] sL r6f/f] al;{xfNYof] . s}nfnLaf6 cfkmg} hft ldNg] Pp6f
lzIfs cfP5 dnfO{ dfUg . p;n] g]kfnuGhd} dnfO{ b]v]/ n¶} k/]sf] /
x]5 . afn] ;a} s'/f 6'ªUofP/ k7fpg' eP5 . kl5 kf] yfxf kfPF . @)
$@ ;fn d+l;/ afO; ut] ljjfx tf]lsP5 .
d eg] ?ks;Fu afx]s c?;Fu ljjfx ug{ s'g} xfntdf tof/
lyOg . d ?ksnfO{ hLp ;'Dkg tof/ lyP“ . pm g} slxNo} tof/ ePg
. pm d]/f] sf]7fdf cfpFbf cg]s axfgfdf p;sf] cufl8 c+ux? k|bz{g
uy]{F . pm pTt]lht xf]cf]; eGg] rfxGy] d, t/ pm 9'ªuf h:tf] lyof] .
pm If]qL, d afx'g ePsf]n] xfd|f] dfuL ljjfx x'Fb}gYof] . To;}n] d ?
ks;Fu sf]6{ Dofl/h ug{, dlGb/df uP/ ljjfx ug{ jf efUg ;d]t
tof/ lyPF . Tof] s'/f klg p dfGb}gYof] . dnfO{ cj jf/ ls kf/
ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf cfO;s]sf] lyof] .
b;}F cfpg s]xL lbg afFsL x'Fbf d p;nfO{ e]6g p;sf] 8]/fdf uPF
. cfk}m vfgf tof/ u/]F . ;Fu} a;]/ vfgf vfof}F t/ Ps csf{;Fu s]xL
gaf]nL r'krfk lyof}F . cGtdf d}n] g} df}gtf eªu ug'{k¥of] . d}n] eg]
æ?ks, d]/f] ljjfx x'g ca b'O{ dlxgf afFsL 5 . 3/df ljjfxsf] tof/L
e} /x]sf] 5 . eujfg ltldlN;gf xf], p;sf] gfd . k9]n]v]sf] 5 . ul0ft
ljifodf Pd=P= u/]/ dfWolds ljbofnodf lzIfs 5 . 3/ klg /fd|f]
5 . s}nfnL lhNnfsf] dfG5] xf] . hUuf hldg klg w]/} 5 . p;sf
b'O{ efO{ dfq 5g . of] d]/f] nflu ;f}efUo xf]Og t <Æ
æxf] tgL Û d}n] xf]Og sxfF eg“] / <Æ

63. æd ljjfx u/L hfFbf ltdLnfO{ b'Mv nfUb}g <Æ
ænfUb}g, lsg nfUg' < ltdLnfO{ ;'vL b]Vg' t d]/f] nflu v';Lsf]
s'/f xf] .Æ
æxf] t Û d klg s:tL a'4' < ltdL d]/f] sf]xL xf]Ogf} . d}n] dfq
Psf]xf]/f] dfof u/]sL lyPF . ltdLn] t dnfO{ slxn] klg cfkmgf] dfggf}
. ltdLnfO{ s;/L b'Mv nfU5 < ltdL dfG5] sxfF xf] / < ltdL kTy/ t
xf] gL Û kTy/nfO{ s] yfxf c?sf] dgsf] efjgf < d}n] kfFr jif{ ;Dd
ltdLnfO{ dfof u/]/ ;tfPF . o;sf] nflu Ifdf rfxG5' . of] xfd|f]
clGtd e]6 xf]nf cf}krfl/s ?kdf . d}n] ;?jfsf] nflu lgj]bg klg
lbO ;s]sL 5' . ltdLdf k'?ifTj 5 eg] /fd|f] s]6L ljx] u/]/ ;'vk"j{s
a:g' . ca d hfG5' .Æ
ælutf~hnL, ltdLn] eGg vf]h]sf] s'/f s] xf] < d}n] t s]xL klg
a'lemg . cnL :ki6 kf/]/ eg g ÛÆ
æa'emL a'emL a'em krfpg];Fu s] eGg' < t}klg Psk6s egL lbG5'
. d ltdL;Fu ljx] ug{ rfxG5' . clxn] g} o;}a]nf dnfO{ eufP/ n}hfp,
eGg rfxG5' . oxL t xf]gL Û c? s] eGg' ltdL 9'+uf;Fu . ltdL;Fu d'6'
5 / < Pp6f /f]huf/ o'St, lzlIft / ;'Gb/ o'jtL kfFr jif{ b]lv ltd|f]
kl5 nfu]sL 5' . d]/f] afWotf klg ga'emg], o:tf gfdb{;Fu s] s'/f ug]{
<Æ
ælutf~hnL d Pp6f 7'nf] kfksf] k|oflZrt ul//x]sf] 5' . d}n]
klxn] g} ltdL;Fu k|]d ug{ / ljjfx ug{ ;lSbg eg]s} t lyPF gL Û ltdL
;'Gb/ 5f}, lzlIft 5f}, zfnLg 5f}, t/ d clxn] a|tdf 5' . of] a]nf d
ltdLnfO{ s]xL eGg ;lSbg . d ltdLnfO{ c? h] klg d2t ug{ ;S5'
t/ k|]d ug{ / ljjfx ug{ ;lSbg . d]/f] a|t ce}mF $ jif{ afFsL g} 5 .
ltdL c?;Fu ljjfx u/]/ ;'v;Fu a; . oxL d]/f] sfdgf 5 .Æ
æn eg s] xf] ltd|f] k|folZrt < d ;'Gg rfxG5' . gqeg] d
clxn]g} ltd|f] gfddf d]/f] hLjgsf] jnL r9fpF5' .Æ