PowerPoint presentation for Earth and Life Science

1. EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

2. THE UNIVERSE:
The universe is everything.
It includes all of space, and all the
matter and energy that space
contains. It even includes time itself
and, of course, it includes you.

3. THE ORIGIN:
Our universe began in a
tremendous explosion known as the
“Big Bang” about 13.7 billion years ago
(left side of strip). Observations by
NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer and
Wilkinson Anisotropy Microwave Probe
revealed microwave light from this very
early epoch, about 400,000 years after
the Big Bang, providing strong evidence
that our universe did blast into
existence. Results from the Cosmic
Background Explorer were honored with
the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physics.

4. WHAT IS IN THE
UNIVERSE?
• Earth and the Moon are
part of the universe, as are the
other planets and their many
dozens of moons. Along with
asteroids and comets, the planets
orbit the Sun. The Sun is one among
hundreds of billions of stars in the
Milky Way galaxy, and most of those
stars have their own planets, known
as exoplanets.

5. GALAXY
• The Milky Way is but one
of billions of galaxies in the
observable universe — all of them,
including our own, are thought to
have supermassive black holes at
their centers. All the stars in all the
galaxies and all the other stuff that
astronomers can’t even observe are
all part of the universe. It is, simply,
everything.

6. Types of
Galaxies
• Spiral
• Elliptical
• Peculiar
• Irregular

7. SPIRAL
• The Milky Way is but one
of billions of galaxies in the
observable universe — all of them,
including our own, are thought to
have supermassive black holes at
their centers. All the stars in all the
galaxies and all the other stuff that
astronomers can’t even observe are
all part of the universe. It is, simply,
everything.

8. Elliptical
• Elliptical galaxies are given
their name because of their
oblong shape and lack of overall
structure. Some are nearly
spherical, while others are
shaped more like a cigar. They
can range in size from just a few
light years across to being larger
than our Milky Way.

9. Peculiar
is believed that peculiar galaxies
compose 5 to 10 percent of all
known galaxies. So, it’s safe to
say that galactic collisions are a
common occurrence in our own
universe!

10. Irregular
• Irregular galaxies are galaxies
that don’t fall under any of the
three galaxy types mentioned
above. These galaxies tend to be
small, dwarf galaxies that lack
any distinguishable shape. Many
of these galaxies are
companions or satellites to
larger galaxies.

11. • Celestial bodies or heavenly
bodies are objects in space such as
the sun, moon, planets, and stars.
They form a part of the vast universe
we live in and are usually very far
from us. The glorious night sky is
dotted with such objects and when
we observe them using a telescope,
they reveal fascinating worlds of
their own.
Celestial Bodies

12. • Stars
• Planets
• Satellites
• Comets
• Asteroids
• Meteors
Celestial Bodies

13. Stars are giant balls of hot gases
that can produce their own light.
Stars give out energy by converting
Hydrogen gas into Helium in their
cores. Stars are gigantic in size and
have an immense gravitational
attraction. The sun is a medium-
sized star that gives us energy and
makes life possible on earth.
• Stars
Sun

14. Planets are large (almost) spherical
objects that revolve around the
sun. Planets move in fixed orbits
around the sun. There are 8
planets in our solar system.
Planets may be made of rocks,
metals and gases like hydrogen,
nitrogen and methane. The earth
is also a planet and is the only
known place in the universe which
supports life. Planets that revolve
around other stars are called
exoplanets.
• Planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

15. Satellites are objects that revolve
around planets. They form the
essential part of the celestial bodies.
These may be of natural origin or sent
by humans. The moon is a natural
satellite of the earth and revolves
around it because it is bound by the
Earth’s gravitational pull. Man has also
placed artificial or man-made
satellites around the earth and other
planets to study them and for
communication purposes.
• Satellites

16. These are small chunks of ice and
rock that come from the outer edge of
the solar system. When its orbit brings
it closer to the sun, the ice on them
vaporizes, creating a beautiful tail
behind them
• Comets

17. These are objects from space that
enter our atmosphere as they are
pulled by the earth’s gravity. Meteors
usually are small and burn up in the
atmosphere as they enter the earth.
This creates streaks in the sky as
though a star has fallen. They are
commonly called shooting stars. If a
meteor is large enough it can reach
the ground and create a crater. Such
objects are called meteorites.
• Meteors and Meteorites

18. These are small irregularly shaped
rocks made up of metal or minerals
that orbit the sun. Most of them are
found between Mars and Jupiter in an
area known as the asteroid belt.
Asteroids
Asteroids
(in the asteroid belt)