For your approved topic submitted in 2.2 Research Paper Topic Sel

For your approved topic submitted in 2.2 Research Paper: Topic
Selection and Abstract, research and write a 12 to 15-page
(including cover page and references), double-spaced research
paper in APA format, using the rubric as a guide. Identify
current issues, regulations, and practices, and address related
legal considerations on your chosen topic, using proper legal
terminology throughout. You must cite at least 5 references, one
of which can be our textbook, if applicable.
Save your assignment using a naming convention that includes
your first and last name and the activity number (or
description). Do not add punctuation or special characters.
Your paper will automatically be evaluated through Turnitin
when you submit your assignment in this activity. Turnitin is a
service that checks your work for improper citation or potential
plagiarism by comparing it against a database of web pages,
student papers, and articles from academic books and
publications. Ensure that your work is entirely your own and
that you have not plagiarized any material!
Rubric
ASCI 404 8.5 Research Paper Rubric V2
ASCI 404 8.5 Research Paper Rubric V2
Criteria
Ratings
Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContext /
Introduction
Paper should provide an introduction and a research problem
that is related to the field of applicable discipline. Presents
relationships between factors with examples. Should develop a
coherent, central theme that is expressed in an organized, and
logical manner throughout.
15 pts
Exceeds Standards
13 pts

Meets Standards
10 pts
Does Not Meet Standards
15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeResearch
Paper should provide comprehensive identification and analysis
of issues in the realm of applicable discipline. Should design a
course of action to solve the proposed research problem using
multi-disciplinary principles, if appropriate. The evidence
should come from valid sources. References should be complete
and reflect appropriate sources.
25 pts
Exceeds Standards
21 pts
Meets Standards
17 pts
25 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeComprehension
Paper should contain well-supported argument based on relevant
concepts and theories, providing new ideas to the applicable
discipline. Argument should be logical and use examples,
evidence, research, and/or data from course content and from
valid, external information sources.
25 pts
Exceeds Standards
21 pts
Meets Standards
17 pts
25 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Application
Decisions and conclusions should be a result of analysis and

synthesis of evidence. Should formulate resolution and
recommendations, and may contribute to improvements in the
applicable discipline. Conclusion could include possible
consequences and outcome scenarios.
25 pts
Exceeds Standards
21 pts
Meets Standards
17 pts
25 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeStyle &
Mechanics
Mechanics of style should enhance content understanding, and
writing skillfully supports the message and is in required
format. Citations and references present and IAW APA.
10 pts
Exceeds Standards
8 pts
Meets Standards
7 pts
10 pts
Total Points: 100
Abstract and paper topic
Topic #1 Airports
The civil airport that I am going to do my research paper on is
the Tampa International Airport (TPA) in Florida. I chose this
airport because out of all the major airports I have been too, the
Tampa airport was the most impressive. When I say the most
impressive, I am regarding the smooth operation, strategic
location, cleanliness, and overall performance of the airport. I
am going to start my research paper with the history and

significance of the airport. Then I will describe the airport
owner/operator, the airlines that operate out of the airport and
then I will talk about the city of Tampa. This paper will also
describe how the TSA oversees security screening of passengers
and cargo. After that the paper will identify the government led
legal actions taken at the Tampa airport to establish runway use
preferences, approach, and departure paths to minimize aircraft
noise impact on surrounding communities. Then how the airport
deals with assuring that the land surrounding the airport are
compatible with aircraft noise and how they protect the
surrounding airspace from obstruction by obstacles and what
government agency/authority that looks at each of those actions.
With looking into this airport, I will also talk about any
major accidents or mishaps that have occurred at the Tampa
International Airport or in the vicinity of the area. With looking
into accidents and mishaps we will also identify safety
issues/concerns with the airport and of the surrounding areas.
With safety also comes noise pollution and general safety of the
public. Finally, the paper will talk about the airports level of
activity, and the major airlines that operate out of the airport.
With looking at the air traffic demand, level of activity and the
growth of the surrounding area we will be able to make an
hypothesis of how sustainable the location is and if the airport
is going to be sustainable in the future.
Student 1 -meag
Preferred Practice 24 states, “Incorporate cultural assessment as
a component of comprehensive palliative and hospice care
assessment, including, but not limited to, locus of decision
making, preferences regarding disclosure of information, truth
telling and decision making, dietary preferences, language,
family communication, desire for support measures such as
palliative therapies and complementary and alternative medicine
perspectives on death, suffering, grieving, and funeral/burial
rituals” (Scott, Thiel & Dahlin, 2008). This practice, just from

the description given alone shows that the healthcare provider is
looking at each individual as a whole, providing specialized
care for both the patient and their families. By recognizing each
individual’s cultural or spiritual beliefs, the provider is also
showing that they support the patient’s views and will do their
very best to respect them as well as assure them that other staff
will do the same. When a new patient is admitted into hospice
care it is important that an introductory spiritual assessment is
made with the patient. Common methods include the use of the
FICA or MVAST templates. In the FICA template, a patient is
encouraged to discuss either their faith beliefs or something in
life that gives them meaning. They are also encouraged to
explain the importance or the influence their faith plays in their
life. Many people who are of a certain faith are involved in
some community that surrounds their faith. Being conscious of a
patient’s community can provide resources during time of
spiritual distress or to avoid a patient from experiencing it at
all. Finally, it’s important to ask how a patient would like their
faith the be integrated into their care in order to create a
comfortable atmosphere. In the MVAST method, a patient
would be asked about their moral authority, their vocational, or
what gives their life purpose, aesthetics, or what brings pleasure
to their life, their social system, and transcendence or who
controls what happens in life. By understanding these
components of a patient, the healthcare provider can create a
care plan that will incorporate this which is often what many
people turn to when they are looking for peace. As a healthcare
provider, utilizing integrative therapy in patient care such as
recognizing dietary restrictions and herbal remedies. Also
recognizing a patient’s cultural backgrounds will allow the
healthcare provider to understand their process in medical
disclosure. Recognizing a patient’s relationship with death is
also essential when working in palliative care.
Student 2 brooke

The goals of palliative care are to prevent and relieve suffe ring
and support the best possible quality of life for patients and
their families (Scott, Thiel, & Dahlin, 2008). Spiritual care is an
extraordinarily important aspect when providing palliative care.
Often times, patients will seek spiritual or religious
understanding when coping with a life threatening illness.
Spiritual and religious needs may be equally, or even more,
important than those physical or medical in nature (Scott, Thiel,
& Dahlin, 2008). If one fails to look at the emotional, social,
psychological, and spiritual components of death and end of
life, then they truly missed the opportunity on providing whole-
person care (Richardson, 2014). With that being said, the
clinical assessment of the patient’s spiritual, religious, and
existential needs must first be established before the appropriate
interventions can be made. The assessment may include
practices, beliefs, supports, and community involvement that
the person and their family may have. Two commonly used
interviewing tools are the four-point FICA and six-point
SPIRITual History assessment. FICA stands for faith,
importance/influence of beliefs, community involvement, and
addressing issues in providing care (Scott, Thiel, & Dahlin,
2008). SPIRITual stands for identifying spiritual beliefs,
personal spirituality, integration in spiritual community,
ritualized practices, implications for medical care, and terminal
event planning (Scott, Thiel, & Dahlin, 2008). Two standardized
structured formats that are self-administered include the
FACIT-Sp and SBI-15R. FACIT-Sp is the12-item functional
assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being,
which focuses on meaning, peace, and faith (Scott, Thiel, &
Dahlin, 2008). SBI-15R is systems of belief inventory. which
focuses on beliefs, practices, and religious community and
support (Scott, Thiel, & Dahlin, 2008). As a side note, when
conducting an assessment, it is important to understand the
difference between spirituality and religion (Benorden, 2016).
After the assessments have been carried out, the information is
reviewed by a chaplain or spiritual care specialist. Based on the

information gathered, a spiritual plan will be devised and
implemented that contributes to patient centered interventions
(Scott, Thiel, & Dahlin, 2008). In short, this practice
emphasizes the assessment and plan that dictates the type of
care that the patient and family receive. As members of a
helping profession, they are called upon to assist with both
physical and spiritual pain (Benorden, 2016). Hence, why it is
so important to develop and document a plan based on
assessment of religious, spiritual and existential concerns using
a structured instrument and integrate the information obtained
from the assessment into the palliative care plan.
1
14
How to Delete Comments in this Template Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Before proceeding, save a copy of this template
with comments to use as a reference while you write your
papers.
To create a “clean” template for your papers, you must delete
all comments like this. Before doing that, first save the template
with a new document name. Then, simply type over the sample
text, deleting any remaining sample text; be sure to also delete
the sample table & figure at the end of this template.
To delete the comments using MS Word, first left click on any
pink highlighted text in the template. Select Review along the
top banner, then left click on the Delete dropdown tab. Finally,
select Delete All Comments in Document.
Title Page Notes Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: The ERAU

College of Aeronautics has adopted the APA Manual (7th ed.)
Student Paper Required Elements for all papers in its
undergraduate and graduate courses.
APA Student Paper Elements do not include a running head;
see APA Manual (7th ed.), p. 30, Sect. 2.2.
Insert page numbers on all pages; begin with 1 for the title
page (top right corner of each page).
Use “title case” capitalization for your paper’s title: Capitalize
the first letter of all significant words, words containing four or
more letters, and acronyms; use lower case for lesser words
containing three letters or less. Capitalize the first word of the
title, and the first word following a colon, hyphen, or
period/question mark in the title. APA Manual (7th ed.), p. 167,
Sect. 6.17.
Identify the ERAU Worldwide College of your degree’s
affiliation (e.g., College of Aeronautics, College of Business,
College of Arts and Sciences).
Date included on the student paper title page is the paper’s due
date.
If the course instructor does not hold a doctoral degree, use
Mr./Ms., or you may begin with the instructor’s full name
followed by faculty rank, e.g., Kimberly A. Instructor, Assistant
Professor.
San Francisco International Airport: Assessing a Major Aviation
Hub
Joe B. Student
College of Aeronautics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
ASCI 645: Airport Operations and Management

Dr. Kimberly A. Instructor
May 3, 2020
Abstract Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Refer to the course
assignment instructions to determine if an abstract is required.
Typically, shorter written assignments do not require an abstract
and keywords. If an abstract is required, follow it with
Keywords: (italicized), first line indented. However, the actual
keywords that follow are not italicized and, unless proper nouns
or acronyms, the keywords are not capitalized. Do not include a
period after the last keyword.
An abstract is typically a maximum of 250 words written in a
single paragraph; the first line is not indented. Describe the
purpose of your paper, identifying the major aspects of your
research and significant findings. Do not included quoted
material, and avoid including data, facts, etc., from sources that
would require citations. The abstract is a quick look for your
readers, allowing them to determine if it contains something of
interest or material that could help them in their research. See
APA Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 2, p. 38, Sect. 2.9, for more
about abstracts.
Keywords: words, phrases, and/or acronyms that describe the
most important aspects of your paper
San Francisco International Airport: Assessing a Major Aviation
Hub Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Include the full title of your
paper, bold and centered, at the top of the first page of text.
Select 1” margins on all four sides of each page; indent the first
line of each new paragraph 0.5”. Double space all lines of text
using one of three APA-recommended fonts: 12-point Times
New Roman (most common), 11-point Calibri, or 11-point
Arial; use the same font for page numbers.
Introduce your paper in the first paragraph(s) of text. Do not
include a heading for the introduction section; the text of the

introduction immediately follows the title above it – see APA
Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 2, p. 47, Sect. 2.27. Depending upon
the length of the paper, one to three paragraphs should be an
adequate introduction; however, several paragraphs may be
more appropriate for extensive, comprehensive research. More
extensive introductions should include subsections identified
with subheadings. An introduction paragraph does not serve the
same purpose of an abstract, nor is it the same as your
conclusion/summary section. For more information about
introductions see APA Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 3, Sect. 3.4.
SFO History Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Level 1 heading
format; see APA Manual (7th ed.), p. 48, Table 2.3
There are significant changes to section headings format
compared to the APA Manual (6th ed.)
Never insert a section/subsection heading with only the heading
appearing at the bottom a page (without at least one line of text
on the same page). Force a heading appearing at the bottom of a
page to the top of the next page using your keyboard’s Enter
key. If using MS Word, you may also use the Insert – Pages –
Page Break feature in the MS Word ribbon bar.
When finished, be sure to review the paper for extra lines or
blank pages; all normal text in the paper must be double spaced.
If you do not properly set up MS Word line format before you
begin, you will very likely see triple spacing between
paragraphs. This template should be formatted to permit you to
simply type over everything with your text while retaining the
required double-spacing format. Be sure to delete all notes
appearing in this sample APA student paper template.
Include Level 1 headings, bold and centered, describing the
focus of each major section in the paper. Level 1 headings
follow title case heading: Capitalize all major words, all words
containing four or more letters, acronyms, and the first word of
the heading, even if a minor word (e.g., A, The, If, etc.).

SFO Economics and Finance
Notice this Level 1 heading contains two related subjects, so in
the first paragraph(s) of
this section you would more broadly introduce the two related
subjects together; see below for examples of Level 2 & Level 3
subheading formats.
Economics Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: (Level 2 heading
format)
Begin the first paragraph of this subsection here.
Ownership, Control, and Governance Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: (Level 3 heading format)
See APA Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 2, p. 48, Table. 2.3, for
format examples of all five levels of section headings and
subheadings.
If including a subsection within a subsection, follow this
heading format.
Financial Performance
SFO Airline Strategies
Begin the introductory paragraph(s) of this section here.
Asia-Pacific Air Carriers
U.S. Airline Hubs at SFO
Begin your first paragraph of this subsection here.
Airport Public Relations
Begin your introductory paragraph(s) of this section here.
Noise Abatement
Aircraft and Ground Equipment Emissions
Environmental Responsibility

Clean Water
Recycling
Electric Vehicles
Conclusion Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: or Summary
A conclusion presents a final overview of the research
major findings, but more importantly, it describes the author’s
key conclusions resulting from a thorough assessment of the
research findings. On the other hand, a summary may be
compared to a brief essay that presents and succinctly evaluates
only the major findings of the research.
Tables and Figures Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note: This
section is included only for information purposes. A paper
would not include a tables and figures section here; see below
for location options to insert tables and figures.
Delete this entire Tables and Figures section from your paper.
Pages 12-13 include examples of a properly formatted table and
figure. Do not simply include figures and tables without
referring those reading your paper to each figure or table, e.g.,
“Figure 1 provides...”; or, include it in parentheses following an
appropriate sentence, e.g., (see Figure 1). Do not write “see the
table below”, or “refer to the figure on page 18.”
APA permits a few options for inserting figures and tables; the
easiest is to include all figures and tables on separate pages
following the references list. If the figures/tables remain
legible, more than one figure or table per page may be included
on a single page. Align figures and tables with the left and top
margins; if more than one figure/table is included on the same
page, double space between them and align the successive
figure(s)/table(s) against the left margin.
Rotate a large figure vertically if it would be distorted using a
horizontal view; do not shrink it so much that it becomes

difficult to read. Do not use figures that are blurry or illegible
(e.g., print is too small to read) – if you cannot locate a legible
copy, do not use it.
A figure is typically a photo or a copy of something, including a
copy of a table from an outside source; a copied table would be
inserted following the APA figure format. A table is typically
created to exhibit data discovered in research/experiments, or
data collected from outside sources being presented in tabulated
form. See APA Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 7, for several
examples of tables and figures.
Citation Examples Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note: This
section is included for information purposes only. A paper
would not include a separate section containing citations.
Students must include citations where required in the text of the
paper.
Delete this entire Citation Examples section from your paper.
In addition to direct quotations, a citation is required for each
sentence you create that includes facts, figures, data, others’
ideas or research findings, or specific/unique pieces of
information (unless common knowledge, e.g., 50 U.S. states,
water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit). Following are a few
examples of in-text citations; their associated sources appear in
the sample references list (page 13).
Consider varying your citation style; instead of simply
including citations at the end of each sentence requiring a
citation (a parenthetical citation), begin some sentences with the
citation (a narrative citation).
Narrative Citation Examples
According to Cook and Billig (2017), an airline’s distribution
system includes two avenues for potential customers to research
and book flights without using a third party: the airline’s
website or its call center. Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: This
sentence is not a direct quote; however, since it contains
specific information presented in the Cook and Billig textbook,
it must be cited.

Cook and Billig (2017) noted, “The many advantages of the
H&S system make it the choice of all large U.S. carriers except
Southwest and the predominant route system worldwide” (p.
67). Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note the placement of the
period: outside the end-parenthesis (not between the last word
and the end-quotation mark).
Include a page number for direct quotes; use “pp.” for multiple
pages, e.g., (pp. 67-68). For direct quotes from websites and
webpages with no identified pages, include the paragraph
number, for example (para. 12).
As United Airlines (2020a) describes, “The cleaning procedure
for flights includes a thorough wipe down using an effective,
high-grade disinfectant and multi-purpose cleaning of
lavatories, galleys, tray tables, window shades and armrests”
(para. 1). Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: If multiple sources have
the same author and the same date, include a, b, etc.,
immediately following the year in the citation. If the source has
no date, use (n.d.) for a single source, and (n.d.-a), (n.d.-b),
etc., for multiple sources with the same author and no date. See
the sample references list for more about this. Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Again, note the placement of the period for a
quotation, as well as the requirement to include a webpage
paragraph number since this United Airlines webpage does not
include page numbers.
United Airlines (2020b) offers a special flight experience,
termed Premium Transcontinental Service, between San
Francisco and Newark, San Francisco and Boston, and Los
Angeles and Newark.
As explained by ERAU SpecialVFR (2016), airplanes are
powered by at least one engine; aircraft engines are also known
as powerplants in the aviation industry.
According to ERAU SpecialVFR (2016), “An airplane has an
engine which is commonly referred to as a powerplant” (0:15).
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: This and the previous
citation example are from a YouTube video produced by ERAU.

This sentence is a direct quote from the video, so it must
include the time stamp from the point where the quote begins in
the video, i.e., 15 seconds into the video. If it began 1 hour 2
minutes 30 seconds into the video, it would be presented as
(1:02:30).
Parenthetical Citation Examples Comment by Jorgensen,
Jeff: Following, are parenthetical citations forms of the
narrative citation examples provided above (in order).
An airline’s distribution system includes two avenues for
potential customers to research and book flights without using a
third party: the airline’s website or call center (Cook & Billig,
2017). Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note the placement of
the period: outside the end-parenthesis (not between the last
word in the sentence and the parenthetical citation).
Use the ampersand, “&”, in a parenthetical citation of a two-
author source; however, use “and” in a narrative citation
(compare this parenthetical citation example to the first two
narrative citation examples).
If a source has three or more authors, identify only the primary
author’s last name followed by “et al.” (“and others”) in both
parenthetical and narrative citations, e.g., (Belobaba et al.,
2009).
“The many advantages of the H&S system make it the choice of
all large U.S. carriers except Southwest and the predominant
route system worldwide” (Cook & Billig, 2017, p. 67).
“The cleaning procedure for flights includes a thorough wipe
down using an effective, high-grade disinfectant and multi-
purpose cleaning of lavatories, galleys, tray tables, window
shades and armrests” (United Airlines, 2020a, para. 1).
A special flight experience is available on select United
Airlines flights; termed Premium Transcontinental Service, it is
offered only on select flights between San Francisco and
Newark, San Francisco and Boston, and Los Angeles and
Newark (United Airlines, 2020b).

Airplanes are powered by at least one engine; aircraft engines
are also known as powerplants in the aviation industry (ERAU
SpecialVFR, 2016).
“An airplane has an engine which is commonly referred to as a
powerplant” (ERAU SpecialVFR, 2016, 0:15).
Block Quotations
If a quotation contains 40 or more words, the entire quotation
must be indented. To check the number of words in a specific
area of text using MS Word, simply highlight the words and
look to the bottom left corner of the screen. You should see the
Word document page number identified, as well as the number
of highlighted words.
With certain exceptions, do not use quotation marks for block
quotations and, unlike citations in the shorter direct quotes
above, the block quotation citation is placed outside the end-
punctuation mark (following the period belonging to the last
sentence in the block quotation). For example: Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Note the yellow highlighted quotation marks
below. This is the exception of using quotation marks in a block
quotation: If the block quotation contains in-text quoted
material, place quotation marks around the quoted material
included in the source being quoted.
Asked whether the virtual seat map is a tool to get passengers to
buy a cushier seat, Jojo said that is not the primary goal, though
"that might happen.''
"We do have a more segmented product right now,'' Jojo said.
"So for customers to understand the difference in those
segments, so when they buy it they know what they bought, is
really the most important thing.'' (Gilberston, 2019, para. 9-10)
Alternatively, the block quotation may begin by introducing the
author using the narrative citation format:
According to Gilbertson (2019),
Asked whether the virtual seat map is a tool to get passengers to
buy a cushier seat, Jojo said that is not the primary goal, though
"that might happen.''
"We do have a more segmented product right now,'' Jojo said.

"So for customers to understand the difference in those
segments, so when they buy it they know what they bought, is
really the most important thing.” (para. 9-10)
If your quotation contains fewer than 40 words (no block style
required), and a quote within the quotation, use a single
apostrophe to identify the quoted material within the quotation.
For example,
According to Gilbertson (2019), “Asked whether the virtual seat
map is a tool to get passengers to buy a cushier seat, Jojo said
that is not the primary goal, though ‘that might happen’” (para.
9).
References Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Always begin the
references list with the References heading placed at the top of
a new page.
This sample references list contains examples of the sources
used in the sample citations section above, as well as a few
additional examples of source formats commonly used in
student papers.
Note the bold type APA 7th ed. now requires for the references
section heading.
Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., & Barnhart, C. (Eds.). (2009). The
global airline industry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Include (Ed.) - singular / (Eds.) - plural
following name(s) of persons identified as editors. Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Italicize publication titles and most
titles/headings found on websites (see below for some
exceptions).
Unlike your paper’s title, references list source titles use
sentence case capitalization: Capitalize only the first word of
the title, in addition to the first word following a colon, hyphen,
or period/question mark in the title (regardless of the number of

letters in the word).
Capitalize all proper nouns and acronyms in a references list
source title, e.g., San Francisco International Airport, or SFO.
Burridge, T. (2020, April 17). Coronavirus: Who is still flying?
BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52319575
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Include the online news
source name (not italicized) following the italicized title of the
webpage/article.
Cook, G. N., & Billig, B. G. (2017). Airline operations
management. A management perspective. Routledge.
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: If a source has multiple
authors, list names in order of appearance in the publication, do
not reorder them alphabetically.
List by last name followed by initial(s); do not include
professional titles, e.g., Ph.D., Dr., military ranks.
Do include any suffixes, e.g., Jr., Sr., II, III. However, do not
include suffixes or initials in in-text citations.
Davol, A. (2017). A new model for airport ground
transportation: Transportation network companies at San
Francisco International Airport. Journal of Airport Management,
11(2), 147-153. https://www-ingentaconnect-
com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/content/hsp/cam/2017/00000
011/00000002/art00005;jsessionid=dixqjo4o559o.x-ic-live-02
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Journal entries: Do not
italicize the journal article title; however, do italicize the name
of the journal and the volume number, which is immediately
followed without a space by an issue number in parentheses (not
italicized). Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: See APA Manual
(7th ed.), p. 317, item 3.
Do not include a URL without a DOI, or database name, if a
journal, magazine, or newspaper article was accessed using an
academic research database, or other protected database

requiring a password to access the online database. For
example, this URL can only be opened by someone having
ERAU credentials to access its secure online sites.
NOTE: A double-strikethrough of the URL is included in this
template for emphasis only. Do not include a URL with
strikethrough; simply omit the URL.
ERAU SpecialVFR. (2016, September 9). Aircraft systems – 03
– engine [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIdXLMVP6VU&index=34
&list=PLzW-Ub1FWeZzdOHQhNK0U0Ci1a-VRH8IO
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Insert Video in brackets (not
italicized) following the video name/title. Include the online
video website used, e.g., YouTube. Comment by Jorgensen,
Jeff: A period is not included following a webpage URL in a
references list source.
Federal Aviation Administration. (2020, March 19). Air traffic
by the numbers.
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/by_the_numbers/ Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Spell out the full name of an organization in the
references list source.
If a source that has a common acronym is cited more than once
in the text of the paper, you may include the acronym in
brackets in the first citation, then use only the acronym in
additional citations that follow. For example, the first time it is
cited use (Federal Aviation Administration [FAA], 2020), then
(FAA, 2020) for successive citations of the same source.
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff:
Except as noted below in the San Francisco International
Airport source with no date, APA 7th ed. no longer includes the
statement “Retrieved from...” preceding a webpage URL.
Gilbertson, D. (2019, October 25). Want a close-up view of
your plane seat? United is adding 3D views during ticket
booking. USA Today.

https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/airline-
news/2019/10/25/united-airlines-adding-3-d-views-seats-during-
ticket-booking/2454781001/ Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff:
Online or in-print newspaper/magazine article names/titles: Do
not italicize or place inside quotation marks. Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Italicize the online/in-print periodical name,
e.g., USA Today.
San Francisco International Airport. (n.d.). To, from & around –
Parking – At a glance. Retrieved April 17, 2020, from
https://www.flysfo.com/to-from/parking Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Use (n.d.) – no date – if a date, or at least a
copyright year, is not available on the webpage; be sure to
check the very bottom of the webpage (the typical location for a
copyright statement). Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: If the
webpage content is likely to change, or expected to be
periodically updated, include a retrieval date statement
preceding the webpage URL (regardless of the availability of a
webpage date).
However, if the webpage content is not likely to change, even if
the webpage has no date (n.d.), a retrieval date statement is not
required.
United Airlines. (2020a).COVID-19: What we’re doing to keep
customers and employees safe – Deliver industry-leading
cleanliness.https://hub.united.com/united-coronavirus-covid19-
safety-update-2645397564.html Comment by Jorgensen,
Jeff: This United Airlines webpage, and the following United
webpage, have the same 2020 copyright year. To distinguish
between sources in in-text citations with the same year, APA
adds letters immediately following the year, e.g., (2020a) and
(2020b). In the references list the sources are ordered
alphabetically by their titles, e.g., COVID-19... alphabetically
precedes Premium...
United Airlines. (2020b). Premium transcontinental service.
https://www.united.com/ual/en/us/fly/travel/inflight/premium-

services.html Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff:
See APA Manual (7th ed.), p. 299, sect. 9.35
Use live URL hyperlinks (indicated by blue underlined script).
Wensveen, J. G. (2015). Air transportation. A management
perspective (8th ed.). Ashgate.
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: APA 7th ed. no longer
includes a publisher location preceding the publisher name.
Table 1
KSFO Parking and Fee Summary
Parking Location
Available Spots
Maximum Height
Parking Fees
Long-Term Surface Lot
826
n/a
$2.00 per 15 minutes
$18.00 max per 24 hours
International Garage G
1,172
8’2”
International Garage A
1,465
8’2”

Domestic Garage
4,314
6’6”
Valet
148
6’6”
$45 for the first 24 hours
After 24 hours:
$2.00 per 15 minutes, up to $45.00 max per 24 hours
Long-Term Garage
6,483
Garage 1: 6’10”
Garage 2: 8’2”
Note. Long-Term Surface Lot and Long-Term Garage $18.00
max rate per 24 hours
effective May 1, 2019. Adapted from “To, From & Around –
Parking – At a Glance”.
April 17, 2020, from https://www.flysfo.com/to-from/parking.
Copyright (n.d.) by Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: If no
copyright date is available (or at least a copyright year), use
(n.d.) for no date and include the date(s) you retrieved the
content from the source(s) used to create the table.
If a copyright date/year is available, but the content in the table
is likely to change, include the date(s) the content was retrieved

from the source(s); if it is not likely to change, no retrieval date
is required when a copyright date/year is available.
Be sure to include the table source(s) in the references list, even
if the source(s) are not cited elsewhere in the text of the paper.
San Francisco International Airport.
Figure 1
San Francisco International Airport (SFO) Traveler/Visitor
Parking
Note. April 17, 2020, from https://www.flysfo.com/to-
from/parking. Copyright (n.d.) by San Francisco International
Airport. Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: If no copyright date is
available (or at least a copyright year), use (n.d.) for no date
and include the date you copied the figure from the source.
However, if the figure is likely to be revised in the future, even
if a copyright date/year is available, include the date the figure
was copied from the source.
If a copyright date/year is available, but it is not likely to be
revised in the future, omit the date the figure was copied. Use,
“Note: From https://www...”
Include the figure source in the references list, even if the
source is not cited elsewhere in the text of the paper.

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