1. Green University of Bangladesh
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Faculty of Sciences and Engineering
Semester: (Spring, Year: 2022), B.Sc. in CSE
Assignment
Course Title: Bangladesh Studies
Course Code: GED-305
Section: 192 DB
Student Details
Name ID
1. Shah MD. Golam Rahman Nayeem 191002324
Submission Date : 09-05-2022
Course Teacher’sName : Mr. Md. Rabbi Islam Rasel
2. 1. The indigenouspeopleof BangladeshrefertoethnicminoritiesinChittagongHill Tracts,Sylhet
Division,RajshahiDivision,andMymensinghDivisionareasof the country.
Chakmas
The Chakmas are the largestethnicgroupof Bangladesh.Buddhismisthe most commonreligion
withinthe tribe.Theyrefertotheirtribal chief asChakmaRajaor Sardar.Chakmasare considered
more privilegedthanmostothertribal Bangladeshitribes.Theyspeak Chakma,anIndo-Aryan
language andhave distinctive culture,tradition,andethnichistory.Womenwearpinonandkhadi
(handmade) andmenweardhuti.Theygrow cropsviaa special eco-friendlymethodcalled"Karpas
Jhumcultivation".TheymigratedtoBangladeshinthe 15th century.
Marmas
Marmas are the secondlargestethnicgroupinBangladeshandtheyare of Burmese ancestry.The
Marmas regardedBurma as the centre of theircultural life. Theircultural traitsare connectedto
theirancestral heritage,includingdress(whichiscalledthumbui—the lowerpart,andangi—the
upperpart),food(mostlyspicy,sour,andhot),writing(Burmesescript),traditionalsongsand
musical instruments(forexample,kappya,jjea,andkharra).TheyspeakMarma,and the majority
are TheravadaBuddhist.Theyhave manyfestivalsduringthe year,butSangrai isregardedasthe
biggestcelebrationamongthem.
Theybelievethatthe watertakesawayall the sorrow and pure upour soul and body,so one must
to greetothers(evenstrangers) bysplashingwateronthem.Butthe culture of marma isunique.It
has alsotheirownlanguage,tradition,cultureetc.
Tanchangya
Tanchangyapeopleshave beenlivinginChittagongHill Tracts since itsprehistoricage.Nowadays
Tanchangyapeopleslive inRangamati,Bandarban,Roisyabili&Sadhikyabili (Chittagong district),
Ukhia andTeknaf (Cox'sBazaar district) areasof Bangladesh.The Tanchangyaisbelievedtomean
hill swiddenfarmer.The Tanchangyaare traditionallyBuddhist.The tanchangyaare verymusical .
Love and romance are therefore neverfaraway.TraditionallyattiredTanchangyawomenwill always
wearher turban,whichChakmawomenuseduntil agenerationortwoago.The patternon the
borderor her homespunskirtwillusuallybe farmore intricate thanthe Chakmaskirt.
Mrus
The Mru people (alsoMro and Moorang) are consideredthe originalinhabitantsof the Chittagong
Hillswhere theymigratedfromArakanof Burmafromthe 14th–15th century.Theylivedonvalleys
and oftenfortifiedtheirvillages.Theyhadnowrittenlanguage of theirown,butsome couldread
the Burmese andBengali scripts.Mostof themclaimedtobe Buddhists,buttheirreligiouspractices
were largelyanimistic.
Santals
The Hor people,popularlyknownbythe exonym'Santal',are one of the largestandmost ancient
ethnicgroupsinthe IndianSubcontinent. Theyare descendantsof one of the oldestAustric-
speakingProto-Austaloidpopulations.The Santalsare knownasone of the oldestandlargest
indigenouscommunitiesinthe northwesternbeltof Bangladesh.Theyhave beenlivingin the
pristine natural surroundingsof the areafor thousandsof years.Theymightbe describedaschildren
of nature whoare nurturedandrearedby itsbounty.Santalsare largelyseeninthe northern
districtsof Dinajpur,Naogaon,Thakurgaon,Panchagarh, etc.
3. Santal women,especiallyyounggirls,are bynature verybeauty-conscious.Santal womenwear
ornamentsontheirhands,feet,nose,earsandneckandalso wearpeculiarlyshapedornamentson
theirankles.Theyfix flowersontheirheadsandhair-buns,andmake themselvesgraceful with
simple ornaments.Liketheirsimple,plainandcarefree wayof life,theirdressisalsoverysimple.
Santal dressesare calledpanchi,panchatatandmatha. The Santal womenwearcoarse homespun
cotton sareesof bright coloursthatbarelyreach theirknees,while the upperendisflungoverthe
shoulders.Santal menandwomenweartattoosontheirbodies.Mostof theirhousesare usually
neatand cleaneventhoughbuiltof mud.Theirhomesteadoftenincludesagarden.The peculiarity
of the housesisthattheyhave small and low doorsand almostnowindow.
It isalso characterisedbydancing,singingandmusic.The Santalscremate theirdeadbodies.But
nowadays,manyof themburythe dead.Whenan inhabitantof avillage dies,the villageheadman's
dutyis to presenthimself atthe place of the departedandarrange for the last riteswithdue
respect.
Khasia
The Khasi are an indigenousortribal people,the majorityof whomlive inthe State of Meghalayain
north eastIndia,withsmall populationsinneighbouringAssam, andinpartsof Bangladesh.[10] They
call themselvesKi Hynñiewtrep,whichmeans"the sevenhuts"inthe Khasi language.Their
language Khasi isthe northernmostAustroasiaticlanguage.Thislanguage wasessentiallyoral until
the arrival of Europeanmissionaries.
Jaintia
Jaintia,anethnicgrouplivinginSylhetregionandalsoknownasSyntengorPnar,have a very rich
traditionandpolitical history.Once theylivedinthe northernareaof Sylhet.Butafterthe Partition
of Bengal in1947, majorityof themmigratedtothe JaintiaHillsinAssamwhere mostof themare
nowsettled.A small sectionof themare now livinginJaintapurUpazilainSylhet.The Jaintiasin
Bangladeshconstitute anethicgroupnumberingabouttwentythousand.
Rice is the staple foodof the Jaintiasandtheytake it withvariousvegetables,fishandmeat.Porkis
theirfavourite dish.Theyalsolikemutton,chicken,milkandmilkproducts.Theyare alsousedto
drinktea,and theyentertainguestswithbetel leaf andnuts.Locallybrewedwine,knownaskiadis
popularamongthem.Theylike all the seasonal vegetables,especiallybulbousplantsandesculent
roots.Theyconsiderdriedfishasa delicacy.Theycooktheirfoodlike the Bengalis.
Jaintiasalsobelieve thatGodhadsentsome gods andgoddessesonearthto control the
indisciplinedhumanbeing.Theykeepthemintheircontrol byimposingillnessanddiseases.Jaintias
alsoworshipthose godsandgoddessestomitigate theirrage.Theyhave theirownconceptionof
sinsand piety,heavenandhell,crime andpunishment.However,some of themhave embraced
Christianity.
Garos
The Garos are an indigenousTibeto-Burmanethnicgroupfromthe Indiansubcontinent,notably
foundinthe Indianstatesof Meghalaya,Assam, Tripura,Nagaland,andneighboringareasof
Bangladesh,notablyMymensingh,Netrokona,Jamalpur,SherpurandSylhet,whocall themselves
A·chik. The Garos are one of the fewremainingmatrilineal societiesinthe world.The individuals
take theirclan titlesfromtheirmothers.The Garotribal religionispopularlyknownasSongsarek
(Pagan).Theybelieve inthe sun,moonandnature.However,due toChristianmissionariesthat
colonisedIndiaandBangladesh,theyare now mostlyfollowersof Christianity.Eventhoughtheyare
Christians,inordertoacknowledge the people andtheirpast,theycelebrate Wangalafestivalin
Bangladesheveryyearwiththe newspiritasathanksgivingtothe creator.
