The answer is C.
This question is taken from paper 11 of May/June 2013.
The answer is C.
This question is taken from paper 11 of May/June 2013.
Put the students into groups and give each group a whiteboard & marker. Have them spend 5 minutes creating a word web for everything that they already know about energy. Afterward, discuss the word webs.
Image from:
http://avatars.imvu.com/DaveandJoce
EXPLAIN: Physics typically defines energy as the ability to do work or cause change. This period will use loose the definition of the ability to cause pain to help imagine if objects have energy and what factors influence how much energy an object has.
ASK: If the puncher was really tired, if he had no energy, would he be able to hurt the man he was punching?
Image from:
http://www.geeksandcleats.com/2014/11/woman-attacked-telling-mother-calm-child-video/
Energy is like money. It can be stored in different types of accounts in a bank, or it can be taken out and used. When its stored, we call it potential energy.
Image from:
http://epilepsyu.com/blog/how-could-an-international-data-bank-improve-epilepsy-care/
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards how the energy was stored. (Gravity.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfvmbDOeo70
Gravitational energy is energy stored in objects that have been raised.
Take out two balls (one heavier than the other). Place the lighter one on the floor in front of a student. Ask if it could hurt them. (No.) Ask if it has energy. (No.) Pick it up and hold it above their head. Ask if it could hurt them. (Yes.) Ask if it has energy now. (Yes.) Why does it have energy now? (Did work to the ball when lifted it.) Hold it higher above their head and ask if it would hurt more now? (Yes.) Why? (It is higher, height affects gravitational potential energy.) Show the student the other ball and hold it at the same height of the first. Ask if the heavier one would hurt more. (Yes.) Ask why. (It has more mass/weight, mass/weight affects gravitational potential energy).
Image from:
http://ipolitics.ca/2015/01/30/why-you-really-need-to-stop-worrying-about-terrorism/
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards how the energy was stored. (Elastic)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cfeTZNcA3g
Elastic energy is energy stored in objects that have been stretched or compressed.
Take out two rubber bands (one thicker than the other) or two springs (one with a larger spring constant). Place the small one on a desk in front of a student. Ask if it could hurt them. (No.) Ask if it has energy. (No.) Pick it up, stretch it, and point it at them. Ask if it could hurt them. (Yes.) Ask if it has energy now. (Yes.) Why does it have energy now? (Did work to the band/string when it was stretched.) Stretch it more and ask if it would hurt more now? (Yes.) Why? (It is stretched more, distance stretched affects elastic energy.) Show the student the other band/spring and stretch it the same length as the first. Ask if the second one would hurt more. (Yes.) Ask why. (It is thicker or has a larger spring constant, spring constant affects elastic energy).
Image from:
http://blogs.amdocs.com/network/2013/05/03/elastic-pcrf-stretch-data-services/#.VhO2As595yo
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards how the energy was stored. (Chemical bonds.)
Original video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgf1bijFQ0w
Chemical energy is the energy stored in chemical bonds. It includes food eaten, batteries, and fuel burned.)
Images from:
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-difference-between-gasoline-diesel-fuel-and-fuel-oil.htm
http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-images-close-up-fresh-orange-fruit-image24069659
http://www.srpe.ca/battery-101-myths-vs-facts/
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards how the energy was stored. (In the nucleus.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjnm3V0xYjI
Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. It can be release by nuclear fusion or nuclear fission.
Images from:
https://forums.robertsspaceindustries.com/discussion/122726/nuclear-bombs-atomic-war
http://www.fusion.kit.edu/english/79.php
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards how the energy was stored. (Magnet.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmErU7nEvyk
Magnetic energy is the energy stored by a magnet in an external magnetic field.
Image from:
http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/212_spring2011.web.dir/John_Dutton/Page_1.html
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards if the boy had energy and what kind. (Movement.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPR9p21ev9s
Kinetic energy is the energy of moving objects. Objects can have linear and rotational kinetic energy.
Image from:
http://www.scott-eaton.com/2010/bodies-in-motion-ii
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards what kind of energy the machine had. (Mechanical.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp4tGTNNi1I
In physics, mechanical energy includes gravitational potential, elastic, and kinetic energy.
Image from:
http://download.autodesk.com/us/autocadmechanical/productivity/1771_Autodesk_AutoCad_Mechanical_Electrical_Tools_AutoCAD_Mechanical_Tool_051107_1179162976849/fla/
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards what kind of energy it was. (Electricity.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdkCcaXOst4
Electrical energy can be electrical potential energy if it is static, but electricity is caused by moving electrons.
Image from:
http://lanceschonberg.com/2015/07/21/30-days-of-gratitude-day-21-electricity/
WARNING: The video does contain blurred nudity, you should review it before deciding how much to show your class.
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards what kind of energy it was. (Heat.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48bwQVa0AQc
Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of vibrating atoms/molecules. Heat often results from friction and is a way that energy is dissipated within a system.
Image from:
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/national-geographic-sustainability/carbon-footprint/
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards what kind of energy it was. (Light.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrje73EyKag
Radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves. It is also called electromagnetic radiation.
Image from:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/environment/climatechange/8870407/China-to-phase-out-energy-inefficient-light-bulbs.html
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards what kind of energy it was. (Wind.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I077NPMMos
Wind energy is the energy of moving air.
Image from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards what kind of energy it was. (Wave.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA_UgVm9bvU
Mechanical wave energy is the energy. Water can also have tidal energy and potential energy.
Image from:
http://www.emerald-energy.co.uk/wave-energy/
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards what kind of energy it was. (Sound.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2BUvWRCBGM
Sound is a mechanical wave. It is one way that energy is dissipated within a system.
Image from:
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/automotive/car-audio-system-sound1.htm
Tell the students that you will show them a video and ask them afterwards what kind of energy it was. (Geothermal.)
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0Zbj7S22zs
Geothermal energy is thermal energy stored in hot rocks underground. Geo- means Earth, -thermal means heat.
Image from:
http://www.buzzfeed.com/ashleyperez/there-is-a-hot-springs-in-japan-where-monkeys-relax-all-day
Quick check – The following six slides allow individuals/groups a chance to check their understanding.
Image from:
http://educationvoyager.com/blog/2013/10/12/quiz-2
Chemical Energy
Images from:
http://johnrieber.com/2015/06/30/2015-july-4th-burger-fireworks-bonanza-the-best-bacon-cheeseburger-recipes/
Electrical Energy
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrdblID5as4
Gravitational (Potential) Energy
Image from:
http://www.theliberaloc.com/2013/01/02/house-democrats-pull-country-back-from-fiscal-cliff/
Wind Energy
Video from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40PG96EojFI
Elastic Energy
Image from:
http://www.hickorees.com/brand/the-original-tree-swing/product/old-time-sling-shot
Kinetic Energy
Image from:
https://www.tumblr.com/search/slow%20motion%20bullet
The additional practice can be found in the Cambridge IGCSE Physics (Second Edition) written by David Sang.
More information about this coursebook can be found here:
http://education.cambridge.org/as/subject/science/physics/cambridge-igcse-physics-%28second-edition%29/cambridge-igcse-physics-coursebook-with-cd-rom-%28second-edition%29
