Hormonal interplay, puberty, menopause

1. Interplay between the ovarian &
Hypothalamic- Pituitary Hormones,
Puberty, Menopause & Fertility
Dr. Sara Sadiq
(MBBS, M.Phil)

6. Anovulatory Cycles
• If the preovulatory surge of LH is not of sufficient, ovulation will
not occur
• Lack of ovulation causes failure of development of the corpus
luteum
• No secretion of progesterone
• Cycle’s rhythm remain continue
• The first few cycles after the onset of puberty are usually
anovulatory

7. Puberty and Menarche
• Puberty  onset of adult sexual life
• Menarche  beginning of the cycle of menstruation
• Onset of puberty and menstruation between ages 11 and 16 years in girls

10. Menopause
• The period during which the cycle ceases and the female sex
hormones diminish to almost none is called menopause
• The cause of menopause is “burning out” of the ovaries
• The gonadotropins FSH and LH  produced in large quantities, but
as the remaining primordial follicles become atretic so the
production of estrogens by the ovaries falls virtually to zero

11. Menopause
• The loss of estrogens often causes
1. Hot flushes
2. Psychic sensations of dyspnea
3. Irritability
4. Fatigue
5. Anxiety
6. Decreased strength and calcification of bones

12. Female Fertility
• The ovum remains viable and capable of being fertilized up to 24
hours after it is expelled from the ovary
• A few sperm can remain fertile in the female reproductive tract for
up to 5 days.
• Period of female fertility during each month is short—about 4 to 5
days.

13. Female Sterility
1. Failure to ovulate
• Hyposecretion of gonadotropic hormones
• Abnormal ovaries that do not allow ovulation
• Anovulatory cycle  lack of progesterone  decrease Pragnanediol in urine
2. Endometriosis
• Endometrial tissue grows in the pelvic cavity surrounding the uterus,
fallopian tubes, and ovaries
• Endometriosis causes fibrosis throughout the pelvis so ovum can not release
3. Inflammation of fallopian tube  Fibrosis