nursing theory of goal attainmemt

2. INTRODUCTION TO THEORIST

3. KING'S CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
IT INCLUDES :
•SEVERAL BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
•THREE INTERACTING SYSTEMS
•SEVERAL CONCEPTS RELEVANT FOR EACH SYSTEM

4. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
• NURSING FOCUS IS THE CARE OF HUMAN BEING.
• NURSING GOAL IS THE HEALTH CARE OF INDIVIDUALS & GROUPS.
• HUMAN BEINGS: ARE OPEN SYSTEMS INTERACTING CONSTANTLY WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
• INTERACTING SYSTEMS:
PERSONAL SYSTEM
INTERPERSONAL SYSTEM
SOCIAL SYSTEM
• CONCEPTS ARE GIVEN FOR EACH SYSTEM

5. CONCEPTS OF INTERACTING SYSTEM
PERSONAL SYSTEM
PERCEPTION
SELF
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
BODY IMAGE
SPACE
TIME
INTERPERSONAL SYSTEM
INTERACTION
COMMUNICATION
TRANSACTION
ROLE
STRESS
SOCIAL SYSTEM
ORGANIZATION
AUTHORITY
POWER
STATUS
DECISION MAKING

6. PERSONAL SYSTEM
•PERCEPTION: EACH PERSON’S REPRESENTATION OF REALITY.
•SELF: IT REFERS TO PERSON’S SUBJECTIVE ENVIRONMENT WHICH CONSTITUTE EVERYTHING
INCLUDES IDEAS, VALUES.
•GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT: CONTINUES CHANGE IN INDIVIDUAL.,, HELPS INDIVIDUALS MOVE
TOWARDS MATURITY
•BODY IMAGE: IT REFERS TO THE MANNER IN WHICH ONE PERCEIVES ONE’S BODY
•SPACE: EXISTING IN ALL THE DIRECTIONS., SAME EVERYWHERE
•TIME: SEQUENCE OF EVENTS., MOVING ONWARDS TO THE FUTURE

7. INTERPERSONAL SYSTEM
•INTERACTION: A PROCESS OF PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION .,, BETWEEN
PERSON AND ENVIRONMENT.
•COMMUNICATION: INFORMATION FROM PERSON TO PERSON.
•TRANSACTION: PURPOSEFUL INTERACTION LEADING TO GOAL ATTAINMENT.
•ROLE: A SET OF BEHAVIORS EXPECTED OF PERSON’S OCCUPYING A POSITION IN A
SOCIAL SYSTEM.
•STRESS: DYNAMIC STATE.,, HUMAN BEING INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT.

8. SOCIAL SYSTEM
• ORGANIZATION: BEING MADE UP OF HUMAN BEINGS WHO HAVE PRESCRIBED ROLES & POSITIONS & WHO MAKE USE OF
RESOURCES TO MEET GOALS.
• AUTHORITY: TRANSACTIONAL PROCESS CHARACTERIZED BY ACTIVE, RECIPROCAL RELATIONS IN WHICH MEMBERS’
VALUES, BACKGROUNDS, AND PERCEPTIONS PLAY A ROLE IN DEFINING , VALIDATING, AND ACCEPTING THE AUTHORITY
OF INDIVIDUALS WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION.
• POWER: A PROCESS WHEREBY ONE OR MORE PERSONS INFLUENCE OTHER PERSONS IN A SITUATION.
• STATUS: THE POSITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN A GROUP OR A GROUP CONCERNING OTHER GROUPS IN AN
ORGANIZATION.
• DECISION MAKING: A DYNAMIC AND SYSTEMATIC PROCESS BY WHICH GOAL-DIRECTED CHOICE OF PERCEIVED
ALTERNATIVES IS MADE AND ACTED UPON BY INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS TO ANSWER A QUESTION AND ATTAIN A GOAL

9. PROPOSITIONS OF KING’S THEORY
•IF PERCEPTUAL INTERACTION ACCURACY IS PRESENT IN NURSE CLIENT INTERACTIONS,
TRANSACTION WILL OCCUR.
•IF NURSE AND CLIENT MAKE TRANSACTION, GOAL WILL BE ATTAINED.
•IF GOALS ARE ATTAINED, SATISFACTION WILL OCCUR.
•IF TRANSACTIONS ARE MADE IN NURSE CLIENT INTERACTIONS, GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT WILL BE ENHANCED.
•IF ROLE EXPECTATIONS AND ROLE PERFORMANCE AS PERCEIVED BY NURSE AND CLIENT
ARE CONGRUENT, TRANSACTION WILL OCCUR.

10. CONTI……
•IF ROLE CONFLICT IS EXPERIENCED BY NURSE OR CLIENT OR
BOTH, STRESS IN NURSE-CLIENT INTERACTION WILL OCCUR.
•IF THE NURSE WITH SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE SKILL COMMUNICATE
APPROPRIATE INFORMATION TO CLIENT, MUTUAL GOAL SETTING
AND GOAL ATTAINMENT WILL OCCUR.

11. NURSING PARADIGM
NURSING
ENVIRON
MENT
HEALTH
PERSON

12. HUMAN BEING

13. HEALTH

14. ENVIRONMENT

15. NURSING
‘’A PROCESS OF ACTION, REACTION AND INTERACTION BY WHICH NURSE AND CLIENT SHARE
INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR PERCEPTION IN NURSING SITUATION’’ AND ‘’ A PROCESS OF HUMAN
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NURSE AND CLIENT WHEREBY EACH PERCEIVES THE OTHER SITUATION,
AND THROUGH COMMUNICATION, THROUGH COMMUNICATION, THEY SET GOALS, EXPLORE MEANS,
AND AGREE ON MEANS TO ACHIEVE GOALS.’’
ACTION: IS DEFINED AS A SEQUENCE OF BEHAVIORS INVOLVING MENTAL AND PHYSICIAN
ACTION.
REACTION: NOT SPECIFIED, BUT MIGHT BE CONSIDERED AS INCLUDED IN THE SEQUENCE OF
BEHAVIORS AS DESCRIBED IN ACTION.

16. CONTI….
IN ADDITION KING DISCUSSED:
GOAL OF NURSE
DOMAIN OF NURSE
FUNCTION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE
GOAL OF NURSE: TO HELP INDIVIDUALS TO MAINTAIN THEIR HEALTH SO THEY CAN FUNCTION IN THEIR ROLES.
DOMAIN OF NURSE: INCLUDES PROMOTING, MAINTAINING, AND RESTORING HEALTH, AND CARING FOR THE SICK,
INJURED AND DYING.
FUNCTION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE: TO INTERPRET INFORMATION IN NURSING PROCESS TO PLAN, IMPLEMENT AND
EVALUATE NURSING CARE.

17. THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT AND NURSING PROCESS
ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSIS
PLANNING
IMPLEMENT
EVALUATION

18. ASSESSMENT
•KINS INDICATES THAT ASSESSMENT OCCUR DURING INTERACTION.THE NURSE
BRINGS SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS WHERE AS CLIENT BRINGS KNOWLEDGE
OF SELF AND PERCEPTION OF PROBLEMS OF CONCERN, TO THIS INTERACTION.
•DURING ASSESSMENT NURSE COLLECTS DATA REGARDING CLIENT .
•PERCEPTION IS THE BASE FOR COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.
•COMMUNICATION IS REQUIRED TO VERIFY ACCURACY OF PERCEPTION, FOR
INTERACTION AND TRANSACTION.

19. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
THE DATA COLLECTED BY ASSESSMENT ARE USED TO MAKE
NURSING DIAGNOSIS IN NURSING PROCESS.
ACCORDING TO KING, IN THE PROCESS OF ATTAINING GOAL ,THE
NURSE IDENTIFIES THE PROBLEMS,CONCERNS AND
DISTURBANCES ABOUT WHICH PERSON SEEK HELP.

20. PLANNING
•AFTER DIAGNOSIS, PLANNING FOR INTERVENTION TO SOLVE THOSE
PROBLEMS IS DONE.
•IN GOAL ATTAINMENT PLANNING IS REPRESENTED BY SETTING GOALS AND
MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT AND BEING AGREED ON THE MEANS TO
ACHIEVE GOALS.
•THIS PART OF TRANSACTION AND CLIENT’S PARTICIPATION IS
ENCOURAGED IN MAKING DECISION ON THE MEANS TO ACHIEVE THE
GOALS.

21. IMPLEMENTATION
•IN NURSING PROCESS IMPLEMENTATION INVOLVES THE
ACTUAL ACTIVITIES TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS.
•IN GOAL ATTAINMENT IT IS THE CONTINUATION OF
TRANSACTION.

22. EVALUATION
•IT INVOLVES TO FINDING OUT WHETHER GOALS ARE
ACHIEVED OR NOT.
•IN KING’S DESCRIPTION EVALUATION SPEAKS ABOUT
ATTAINMENT OF GOAL AND EFFECTIVENESS OF
NURSING CARE.

23. LIMITATIONS OF KING’S THEORY
•LACK OF CLEAR DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENT.
•LIMITED IN SETTINGS IN REGARD TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.
•REPEATED DEFINITION OF CONCEPT.
•SOCIAL SYSTEM IS NOT CLEARLY CONNECTED TO THE THEORY WHICH LEADS TO
LIMITATIONS OF UTILIZING THE THEORY IN NURSING CARE WITH GROUPS,
FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES.