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10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase-com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sur ...

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10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon.
00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through.
00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and
the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM
00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49 Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are.
00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33
We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22 Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30
And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase-
com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48
And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38
His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipula ted? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on?
00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle w hich brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps. 00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong?
00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people.
00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22
What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common
agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58 New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on
customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View.. . 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater
amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47
Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace.
00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM EXAMPLE ONLY: DO NOT COPY INFORMATION Research Project Exceptional Students Mild to Moderate Autism Name Central State
University Abstract This is a research project that will aim to explain in-depth each of the thirteen disability categories recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA. For each of the categories, I will define, give characteristics, causes, explain prevalence, how they are identified and assessed, how to plan and provide for each, educational approaches, and the process of educational placement. Autism Spectrum Disorder Definition and Classification According to the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), Autism is defined as a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely
affects a child’s educational performance (IDEA, 2004). Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Characteristics Autism Spectrum Disorder has a range of symptoms. This prompted the change in the term from Autism to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Signs of ASD tend to appear early in life. The most prevalent indicators of ASD are impairments involving communication and social interaction. Other characteristics that are often seen in students with ASD are repetitive patterns of behavior, fixations, or rituals. Repetitive behaviors can include speech patterns such as echolalia or non-verbal behaviors such as repeatedly opening and closing a door. Flapping or flicking limbs are also common characteristics of ASD (Heward et al., 2018). Causes Currently, there is no proven cause linked directly through
evidence. There are suspected links that are tied to ASD as potential risk factors. Some of the risks include genetics, mother’s age at birth, environmental toxins, fragile x syndrome, and metabolic imbalances (Heward et al., 2018). Prevalence In 2018, the CDC determined that 1 in 59 children are diagnosed with ASD. Research indicates that boys are 4 times more likely than girls to be diagnosed. Of those diagnosed with ASD, 31% are also identified as having an intellectual disability. ASD has been identified across all ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds. However, those from minority groups tend to be identified later in life, which inhibits their access to early intervention. Identification and Assessment At this time there is no medical test that will detect autism. Evaluation is reliant upon direct assessment, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Developmental screening, in young children, can be used to identify potential ASD indicators.
However, because of the nature of ASD and the range in symptoms, not all children are diagnosed early (Hardman et al., 2001). Evaluation combines all of the above techniques in a combination of developmental screening and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation which includes a team of experts. Planning and Providing Special Education Services One common concept for the intervention for those with ASD is early intervention. Research has shown that those who are identified early and begin autism-appropriate interventions are more likely to thrive in society and acquire appropriate social skills (ASDF, 2019). As a result of early intervention, children with ASD are able to qualify for services before they reach school age. This includes early access to preschool services and in some cases, access to specifically designed schools for children with ASD. Once a child reaches elementary age, in many cases they are placed in the school setting
with an individualized education plan (IEP) in place. The IEP will provide the student with accommodations and modifications that will allow them to thrive. In many cases, the IEP will provide the student with related services (Heward et al., 2018). These services include speech, physical therapy, occupational therapy, adapted physical education, and functional skills training. Collaborating with Parents and Families As with all disability categories collaboration with the family is vital to the success of the student. Students who have been identified as having autism will require therapy and accommodations both in and out of the educational setting. Families can provide important information about outside approaches being used as well as the child’s strengths and challenges. A child is more likely to succeed when the family and IEP team are working together to ensure that all of the student’s needs are being met. Educational Approaches and Placement
Due to many of the symptoms and behaviors of autism, these students can present challenges in the classroom. Sensory input and stimulation can cause outbursts or behaviors that could cause harm to themselves or disrupt others. As a result of these challenges, it is important that the IEP is working and assessing constantly to ensure the student is thriving in the given environment. According to Exceptional Children: An Introduction to Special Education, 31% of students with autism were educated in the general education classroom, with 18% served in resource room programs and 40% in separate classrooms (Heward et al., 2018). Placement will vary depending upon the severity of the behaviors and to best meet the needs of the learner. Strategies can be used in the educational setting to assist the student with appropriate behaviors and to access the general curriculum. Some such strategies include applied behavior analysis,
sensory input support, and visual supports. Bibliography Hardman, M. L., Drew, C. J., & Egan, M. W. (2011). Human exceptionality: society, school, and family. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. HEWARD, W. I. L. L. I. A. M. L. (2018). Exceptional Children: an introduction to special
education. UPPER SADDLE RIVER: PEARSON. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (2004) 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence.
00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it.
00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics.
00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas.
Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49 Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers.
00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with.
00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22 Because those are the demands in the real world.
00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot
of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42
They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals. 00:07:33
Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped
than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps. 00:08:57
First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected
parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values.
00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05
It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58 New issues are going to be coming up all the time.
00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans.
00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term. 00:13:37
Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come
down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before.
00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14
And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptati ons. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or
justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and
manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute?
00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49 Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07
So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57
Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22 Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that
really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20
You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing
with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve.
00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29
I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps. 00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM
00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we
work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness,
honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training.
00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58 New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30
Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay.
00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more
for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46
[MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find
that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42
They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26
You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25
There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49
Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while
and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22
Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03
I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process.
00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals.
00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15
Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps.
00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15
Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own
list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it' s a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing.
00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58
New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and
very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term.
00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to
come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than
ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford.
00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07
When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01
Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33
Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49 Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly.
00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis.
00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22 Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39
So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own.
00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental
implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50
German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that?
00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps. 00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM
00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to
our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28
And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22
We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58 New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods.
00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13
You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54
And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up.
00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM Instructions For this assignment, you will watch a series of short video segments from the film Business Ethics: A 21st-Century Perspective. In combination with the assigned reading, provide a response to the questions that follow. In order to access the video segments, you must first log into the myCSU Student Portal and access the Films On Demand database within the CSU Online Library. Daly, F., White, T., & Vogel, D. (Writers). (2000). Business ethics: A 21st-century perspective [Video file]. Retrieved from https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS &url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866 &xtid=10685 After locating the video, complete the steps below: · Watch the video segment titled "Business Problems/Ethics." How does the globalization of business affect how you would analyze the ethical issues surrounding the use of child labor around the world? · Watch the video segments titled "Temptations vs. Ethical Dilemmas" and "Resolution Principles." Discuss the difference between a temptation and an ethical dilemma in the context of an experience you have had, and describe how you resolved the matter. · Watch the video segment titled "Future Business Dilemmas."
Identify and discuss an issue confronting 21st century businesses today, and explain how you would analyze and resolve the issue. For example, what questions and/or research would you employ, and on what basis would you make your determination? The Unit I Essay should be at least 500 words in length, double- spaced, and written in Times New Roman, 12-point font. Be sure to cite and reference all paraphrased and quoted material using APA style. 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethi cs for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43
Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42
They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26
You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation.
00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49
Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24
Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22
Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns.
00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40
And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two
very different individuals. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means.
00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps.
00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives.
00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11
At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03
But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58
New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41
I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the
longer term. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better
decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM

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10685000022Business in the 21st century is moving fa

  • 1. 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon.
  • 2. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through.
  • 3. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and
  • 4. the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM
  • 5. 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49 Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are.
  • 6. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33
  • 7. We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22 Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30
  • 8. And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase-
  • 9. com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48
  • 10. And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38
  • 11. His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipula ted? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on?
  • 12. 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle w hich brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps. 00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong?
  • 13. 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people.
  • 14. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22
  • 15. What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common
  • 16. agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58 New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on
  • 17. customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View.. . 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater
  • 18. amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47
  • 19. Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace.
  • 20. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM EXAMPLE ONLY: DO NOT COPY INFORMATION Research Project Exceptional Students Mild to Moderate Autism Name Central State
  • 21. University Abstract This is a research project that will aim to explain in-depth each of the thirteen disability categories recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA. For each of the categories, I will define, give characteristics, causes, explain prevalence, how they are identified and assessed, how to plan and provide for each, educational approaches, and the process of educational placement. Autism Spectrum Disorder Definition and Classification According to the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), Autism is defined as a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely
  • 22. affects a child’s educational performance (IDEA, 2004). Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Characteristics Autism Spectrum Disorder has a range of symptoms. This prompted the change in the term from Autism to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Signs of ASD tend to appear early in life. The most prevalent indicators of ASD are impairments involving communication and social interaction. Other characteristics that are often seen in students with ASD are repetitive patterns of behavior, fixations, or rituals. Repetitive behaviors can include speech patterns such as echolalia or non-verbal behaviors such as repeatedly opening and closing a door. Flapping or flicking limbs are also common characteristics of ASD (Heward et al., 2018). Causes Currently, there is no proven cause linked directly through
  • 23. evidence. There are suspected links that are tied to ASD as potential risk factors. Some of the risks include genetics, mother’s age at birth, environmental toxins, fragile x syndrome, and metabolic imbalances (Heward et al., 2018). Prevalence In 2018, the CDC determined that 1 in 59 children are diagnosed with ASD. Research indicates that boys are 4 times more likely than girls to be diagnosed. Of those diagnosed with ASD, 31% are also identified as having an intellectual disability. ASD has been identified across all ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds. However, those from minority groups tend to be identified later in life, which inhibits their access to early intervention. Identification and Assessment At this time there is no medical test that will detect autism. Evaluation is reliant upon direct assessment, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Developmental screening, in young children, can be used to identify potential ASD indicators.
  • 24. However, because of the nature of ASD and the range in symptoms, not all children are diagnosed early (Hardman et al., 2001). Evaluation combines all of the above techniques in a combination of developmental screening and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation which includes a team of experts. Planning and Providing Special Education Services One common concept for the intervention for those with ASD is early intervention. Research has shown that those who are identified early and begin autism-appropriate interventions are more likely to thrive in society and acquire appropriate social skills (ASDF, 2019). As a result of early intervention, children with ASD are able to qualify for services before they reach school age. This includes early access to preschool services and in some cases, access to specifically designed schools for children with ASD. Once a child reaches elementary age, in many cases they are placed in the school setting
  • 25. with an individualized education plan (IEP) in place. The IEP will provide the student with accommodations and modifications that will allow them to thrive. In many cases, the IEP will provide the student with related services (Heward et al., 2018). These services include speech, physical therapy, occupational therapy, adapted physical education, and functional skills training. Collaborating with Parents and Families As with all disability categories collaboration with the family is vital to the success of the student. Students who have been identified as having autism will require therapy and accommodations both in and out of the educational setting. Families can provide important information about outside approaches being used as well as the child’s strengths and challenges. A child is more likely to succeed when the family and IEP team are working together to ensure that all of the student’s needs are being met. Educational Approaches and Placement
  • 26. Due to many of the symptoms and behaviors of autism, these students can present challenges in the classroom. Sensory input and stimulation can cause outbursts or behaviors that could cause harm to themselves or disrupt others. As a result of these challenges, it is important that the IEP is working and assessing constantly to ensure the student is thriving in the given environment. According to Exceptional Children: An Introduction to Special Education, 31% of students with autism were educated in the general education classroom, with 18% served in resource room programs and 40% in separate classrooms (Heward et al., 2018). Placement will vary depending upon the severity of the behaviors and to best meet the needs of the learner. Strategies can be used in the educational setting to assist the student with appropriate behaviors and to access the general curriculum. Some such strategies include applied behavior analysis,
  • 27. sensory input support, and visual supports. Bibliography Hardman, M. L., Drew, C. J., & Egan, M. W. (2011). Human exceptionality: society, school, and family. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. HEWARD, W. I. L. L. I. A. M. L. (2018). Exceptional Children: an introduction to special
  • 28. education. UPPER SADDLE RIVER: PEARSON. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (2004) 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence.
  • 29. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it.
  • 30. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics.
  • 31. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas.
  • 32. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49 Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers.
  • 33. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with.
  • 34. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22 Because those are the demands in the real world.
  • 35. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot
  • 36. of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42
  • 37. They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals. 00:07:33
  • 38. Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped
  • 39. than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps. 00:08:57
  • 40. First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected
  • 41. parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values.
  • 42. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05
  • 43. It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58 New issues are going to be coming up all the time.
  • 44. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans.
  • 45. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term. 00:13:37
  • 46. Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come
  • 47. down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:51 PM 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before.
  • 48. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14
  • 49. And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptati ons. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or
  • 50. justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and
  • 51. manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute?
  • 52. 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49 Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07
  • 53. So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57
  • 54. Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22 Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that
  • 55. really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20
  • 56. You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing
  • 57. with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve.
  • 58. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29
  • 59. I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps. 00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM
  • 60. 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we
  • 61. work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness,
  • 62. honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training.
  • 63. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58 New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30
  • 64. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay.
  • 65. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more
  • 66. for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46
  • 67. [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:48 PM 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find
  • 68. that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42
  • 69. They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26
  • 70. You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25
  • 71. There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49
  • 72. Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while
  • 73. and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22
  • 74. Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03
  • 75. I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process.
  • 76. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals.
  • 77. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15
  • 78. Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps.
  • 79. 00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15
  • 80. Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own
  • 81. list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it' s a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing.
  • 82. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58
  • 83. New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and
  • 84. very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term.
  • 85. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to
  • 86. come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:50 PM 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than
  • 87. ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethics for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43 Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford.
  • 88. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42 They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07
  • 89. When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26 You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01
  • 90. Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33
  • 91. Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49 Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly.
  • 92. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24 Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis.
  • 93. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22 Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39
  • 94. So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own.
  • 95. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40 And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental
  • 96. implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two very different individuals. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50
  • 97. German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that?
  • 98. 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps. 00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM
  • 99. 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to
  • 100. our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11 At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28
  • 101. And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03 But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22
  • 102. We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58 New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods.
  • 103. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41 I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13
  • 104. You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the longer term. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54
  • 105. And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up.
  • 106. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:52 PM Instructions For this assignment, you will watch a series of short video segments from the film Business Ethics: A 21st-Century Perspective. In combination with the assigned reading, provide a response to the questions that follow. In order to access the video segments, you must first log into the myCSU Student Portal and access the Films On Demand database within the CSU Online Library. Daly, F., White, T., & Vogel, D. (Writers). (2000). Business ethics: A 21st-century perspective [Video file]. Retrieved from https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS &url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866 &xtid=10685 After locating the video, complete the steps below: · Watch the video segment titled "Business Problems/Ethics." How does the globalization of business affect how you would analyze the ethical issues surrounding the use of child labor around the world? · Watch the video segments titled "Temptations vs. Ethical Dilemmas" and "Resolution Principles." Discuss the difference between a temptation and an ethical dilemma in the context of an experience you have had, and describe how you resolved the matter. · Watch the video segment titled "Future Business Dilemmas."
  • 107. Identify and discuss an issue confronting 21st century businesses today, and explain how you would analyze and resolve the issue. For example, what questions and/or research would you employ, and on what basis would you make your determination? The Unit I Essay should be at least 500 words in length, double- spaced, and written in Times New Roman, 12-point font. Be sure to cite and reference all paraphrased and quoted material using APA style. 10685 00:00:22 Business in the 21st century is moving farther and faster than ever before. 00:00:27 The new global marketplace will bring with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. 00:00:32 How we face these challenges will define the business ethi cs for the new century. 00:00:38 For increasingly, business problems are ethical problems. 00:00:43
  • 108. Sometimes the issue is kids' stuff, as when video designers find that increased sales means increased violence. 00:00:51 Other times it's a matter of life or death, as when the demand for clean energy results in the near extinction of Northwest salmon. 00:01:00 Or sometimes the issue will be overseas where third-world development ends up supporting worker exploitation. 00:01:08 Some may view business and ethics as incompatible, a luxury businesses cannot afford. 00:01:14 And yet the case for business ethics in the 21st century is a strong one. 00:01:26 I think ethics is an approach towards decision making in which one tries to think about the moral principles that underlie decisions. 00:01:37 In my experience, nine times out of 10, what happens is that people made a bad decision. 00:01:42
  • 109. They rushed it. 00:01:43 They didn't see some of the consequences of what were going to happen and then down the road the consequences hit them and they say, oh, I just wish I had thought this thing through. 00:02:00 Ethical dilemmas are different than moral temptations. 00:02:03 Temptation is a clear case of right versus wrong. 00:02:07 When we find a wallet lying in the street, there is no good or justifiable reason for taking it. 00:02:13 It is tempting to pocket it and run but the right answer is to return it to its owner. 00:02:18 The choice is clear, right versus wrong. 00:02:22 With an ethical dilemma, the right choice is not so obvious. 00:02:26
  • 110. You have two acceptable alternatives, right versus right, a matter of ethics. 00:02:32 In the business world, this might mean a choice between long range and short range goals, between loyalty to a coworker versus loyalty to the company, between the quest for profits and the need for public accountability. 00:02:53 What we're doing and what we're testing frequently involves the safety of people's lives and so there's a higher principle. 00:03:01 Northrop Grumman in Los Angeles designs, develops, and manufactures aircraft and electronic systems for military use. 00:03:09 The competition in this industry is intense and the public accountability, strict. 00:03:15 Here, business ethics is a high priority. 00:03:19 After a while, it becomes clear that the rules don't cover every situation.
  • 111. 00:03:25 There are a number of gray areas. Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 1 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM 00:03:27 So managers would frequently raise the issue as to, what do I do in this particular situation? 00:03:33 Hi, Frank, do you have a minute? 00:03:34 Yeah, sure, come on in. 00:03:35 Someone who's a supplier to the company wants to give you a gift. 00:03:39 And you have a business relationship but you also like the person and you want to seem polite and the question is, can you accept the gift? 00:03:49
  • 112. Essentially what our the company program policy is, is that we don't accept anything from suppliers. 00:03:55 It sends the message to people that there is this resource out there and that we are interested in listening and in hearing what your concerns are. 00:04:04 Hello, you've reached the corporate open line. 00:04:05 This is Frank Daly. 00:04:07 So, let me ask you, does anyone else know about this that you know of-- Frequently people who call the open line to report something are very nervous. 00:04:13 They want to get what they say out quickly and get off the line quickly. 00:04:17 So it's really important for us, I think, when we talk to them to reassure them. 00:04:24
  • 113. Because it may be something that they've carried for a while and haven't known what to do with. 00:04:28 So it isn't a question that we're operating a policing function. 00:04:33 We're rather trying to encourage the vast majority of our employees who bring good values to work every day to follow them in the workplace. 00:04:46 When you're faced with an ethical dilemma, especially a difficult one, one of the things that you have to do is to engage in a fair amount of systematic analysis. 00:04:57 Here at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, students participate in an annual team competition that explores key issues in business ethics. 00:05:06 This team is arguing the case against doing business in China. 00:05:11 Their job is to understand the legal, the financial, and the ethical dimensions of the case and to propose a solution which makes sense legally, financially, and ethically. 00:05:22
  • 114. Because those are the demands in the real world. 00:05:24 We have a number of teams and the judges then evaluate how the teams do. 00:05:30 And we have cash prizes for the winning teams. 00:05:34 It gives them a little more realistic understanding of what it is that will be expected of them. 00:05:39 So that on the job, they aren't going to make some mistakes that really could be career enders. 00:05:44 So I've worked for a number of years in accounting and I've seen very unethical behavior. 00:05:52 I've left jobs because of and I refused to do them. 00:05:56 It's up to us to choose to make the right decision and stick to our guns.
  • 115. 00:06:03 I'm glad that I'm going to be entering the workforce with a lot of other students from this university that have been through a curriculum that stresses ethical analysis of situations. 00:06:16 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 2 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM It's very hard to think through these moral issues and cope with them on your own. 00:06:20 You really need to be able to engage in dialogue and develop a sense of community with other people and talk to them about these issues, talk to them about dilemmas, the alternatives. 00:06:30 And at the end of the day, hopefully that discussion will result in a more informed decision. 00:06:34 I think for many students who haven't thought about these issues it's a really eye-opening experience. 00:06:40
  • 116. And they become quite engaged in the process. 00:06:42 They become persuaded that these issues are important and that they need to think about them as managers. 00:06:48 And that's really, I think, where the payoff lies. 00:06:50 The value of studying ethics in business school is that what it does is that it highlights for business school students that the impacts of their decisions not only affect their bottom line, but rather it shows them what the social and environmental implications are of those decisions, that business school students and everyone in society will be increasingly dealing with them and thinking about them in years to come. 00:07:15 There are two classic and contrasting resolution principles you can use to evaluate ethical dilemmas. 00:07:23 One is ends based, the other, rules based. 00:07:26 These two very different approaches were articulated by two
  • 117. very different individuals. 00:07:33 Nineteenth century English philosopher John Stuart Mill was also a businessman. 00:07:38 His ends based approach went for practical results. 00:07:41 Mill believed ethical decision should be made on a cost/benefit basis, the greatest good for the greatest number. 00:07:50 German philosopher Immanuel Kant believe how we act is more important than what we achieve. 00:07:55 In his critique of pure reason, he emphasizes absolute standards that outweigh practical results. 00:08:01 This rules based approach says that we all have principles that should not be sacrificed, that ends don't justify means. 00:08:09 To make an ethical business decision often requires an examination of both ends and means.
  • 118. 00:08:15 Just because something produces more people getting helped than hurt doesn't mean that the action itself is right and wrong, is it the case where someone's being manipulated? 00:08:24 Is there lying going on? 00:08:25 Is there cheating? 00:08:27 Is there something questionable about that? 00:08:29 I think that's the critical issue in business ethics is figuring out when it's appropriate to weigh the interests of various stakeholders, and be bound by the overall cost and benefits. 00:08:39 And when one says, this is an issue which strikes to a core principle and value which I share, my company shares, my culture shares, my religion shares, and this is a principle which brooks no compromise. 00:08:53 Addressing an ethical dilemma can begin with three simple steps.
  • 119. 00:08:57 First, identify the problem. 00:08:59 Is this an issue of right versus right, or right versus wrong? 00:09:03 A temptation or a dilemma? Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 3 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM 00:09:05 Then, identify the stakeholders. 00:09:08 Who is effected? 00:09:09 And to what degree is each effected? 00:09:11 And finally, identify alternatives.
  • 120. 00:09:15 Often finding the right answer means involving the effected parties. 00:09:21 Companies used to be private entities but large companies, for example, are institutions that have impact on a lot of people. 00:09:29 What we generally calls stakeholders are the shareholders and we have an obligation to them. 00:09:34 We have an obligation to our employees, to our customers, to our suppliers, because all of these people are effected by decisions that are made and to the communities in which we work. 00:09:45 So there is, many times, competing interests. 00:09:58 In a global marketplace, not only is it increasingly difficult to determine stakeholders, it's increasingly difficult to establish communal values, especially when your community is the world itself. 00:10:11
  • 121. At Northrop Grumman, workers were asked to devise their own list of core values. 00:10:16 We had 2,000 people across the corporation involved in focus groups and we asked them two questions. 00:10:22 What are the important values that you bring to work every day? 00:10:25 And, how would you like your company to be known? 00:10:28 And with all of the data and all the responses that we get back from that, they converged on six themes actually, fairness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, are kinds of thing that we share where ever we go across the globe. 00:10:42 It's of course true that there are cultural differences and that in some countries other than the United States, for example, it's a perk or a benefit you get that one of your siblings or member of your family automatically gets a job in the company that you're working in, which offends the sense in the United States of equal opportunity, et cetera. 00:11:03
  • 122. But that's a cultural thing. 00:11:05 It's not necessarily an ethical thing. 00:11:07 And I think when push comes to shove, there is a common agreement everywhere about some basic values even though the conditions of implementation may be very different. 00:11:19 We certainly have all kinds of training classes. 00:11:22 We have electronic training. 00:11:25 We have brochures, and pamphlets, and books that we print for employees. 00:11:31 In some areas, we have computer based training where folks can go to a computer terminal and sit down and interactively learn, for example, about the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, of the Truth in Negotiations Act, or about time and labor charging, or export control, or any of those subjects that they need to know about. 00:11:58
  • 123. New issues are going to be coming up all the time. 00:12:01 The internet, the explosion of the internet, especially as it relates to privacy matters is going to continue to be very important, the gathering of information, the selling of information on customers. 00:12:17 Biotechnology is another area where the progress has been explosive in the last decade, genetic engineering, cloning, genetic manipulation of foods. 00:12:30 Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 4 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM A couple of supermarket chains recently said they are not going to be selling food that has any genetic manipulation. 00:12:38 Technology as it applies to food. 00:12:41
  • 124. I think another area that we're going to see some interesting and very important areas have to do with the relationship between humans and non-humans. 00:12:50 As scientific research, for example on dolphins, or elephants, or primates, has been going along, we're discovering that they are more like us then we had thought, that they have a greater amount of intellectual and emotional sophistication. 00:13:04 And that means and they probably deserve more consideration than we've been giving them. 00:13:13 You ask the question about does ethics pay. 00:13:18 I believe it does, obviously. 00:13:20 And in the short term, there may be instances where it doesn't. 00:13:24 But in the long term, profit then becomes not so much the fact that you won on the single transaction, but the fact is that someone continues to put a value on what you do for them for the
  • 125. longer term. 00:13:37 Companies that respect their employees, respect their customers, respect one another are seen as positive forces in their environment. 00:13:47 Those are the companies that the best people want to work for. 00:13:51 And those are the companies that customers want to do business with. 00:13:54 And most people, over the long term, will in fact even pay more for a product or in some cases work under more difficult conditions because they're working for a company that they can believe in and they're doing business with other people whom they also believe in. 00:14:11 So one of the real benefits of ethics, and this is one of the things that I try to convince my students of regularly, is that there are tangible benefits in how clearly we perceive problems. 00:14:23 And then once we decide what the right thing to do is, we get more comfortable with our decision and we make better
  • 126. decisions because there are fewer surprises that are going to come down the road. 00:14:35 Business ethics can make a difference in the workplace. 00:14:38 So, stop and think and make your own decisions using business ethics. 00:14:44 It is a profitable way to go, no matter how you add it up. 00:14:46 [MUSIC PLAYING] cielo24 | what’s in your video? | cielo24.com Firefox https://fod-infobase- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/p_View... 5 of 5 8/24/2021, 2:45 PM