This compiled ppt has various topics related to geography NCERT class 9 prepared by students of DAV Public School, MCL, Ja, Dera, Talcher

1. Welcome to our project
Prepared by students of IX ‘A’ from roll no. 49 to 60
Compiled by Vivek Ranjan Sahoo (Group leader)

2. Contents
Sr. No. Topic Roll no. Made by
1. MANGROVE FORESTS & MAP WORK 56 Subhendu Pradhan
2. MONTANE FORESTS 55 Subhashree Pati
3. TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS 52 Stithi Pragyan Nanda
4. NATURAL VEGETATION & WILD LIFE -INTRODUCTION 49 Soubhagya Chandran Pradhan
5. FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL VEGETATION
AND WILD LIFE-CLIMATE
51 Soumyalipta Mishra
6. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS 53 Subhalaxmi Jena
7. IMPORTANCE OF WILDLIFE & CAUSES OF THEIR DEPLETION 58 Tanishka Samant
8. WILD LIFE –PRESENT STATUS & DISTRIBUTION 57 Sudha Chandran Kar
9. STEPS TAKEN TO CONSERVE WILDLIFE 59 Vansh Sharma
10. MIGRATORY BIRDS IN INDIA & MEDICINAL PLANTS 60 Vivek Ranjan Sahoo

3. MANGROVE FOREST AND MAP WORK
Presented By
Subhendu Pradhan
Roll No. - 56
Supervised By
Mrs. Sabita Mishra
Subject – Geography
D.A.V. Public School MCL Jagannath Area
Dera
3

4. 1. MANGROVE FOREST :
• Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs that lives in the costal intertidal
zone.
• There are about 80 different species of mangrove trees. All of these trees
grow in areas with low-oxygen soil, where slow-moving waters allow fine
sediments to accumulate. Mangrove forests only grow at tropical and
subtropical latitudes near the equator because they cannot withstand
freezing temperatures.
• Many mangrove forests can be recognized by their dense tangle of prop roots
that make the trees appear to be standing on stilts above the water. This
tangle of roots allows the trees to handle the daily rise and fall of tides, which
means that most mangroves get flooded at least twice per day. The roots also
slow the movement of tidal waters, causing sediments to settle out of the
water and build up the muddy bottom.
• Mangrove forests stabilize the coastline, reducing erosion from storm surges,
currents, waves, and tides. The intricate root system of mangroves also
makes these forests attractive to fish and other organisms seeking food and
shelter from predators.
4

5. [Dense mangrove forest line the many waterways of the Sunderbans, the estuary of the rivers
Ganges and Brahmaputra]
5

6. 2. WILDLIFE :
• Mangrove roots provide support for filter-feeders like sponges, mussels,
oysters, and barnacles. These play an important role in keeping the water
clear.
• Ferns, vines, orchids, lilies, terns, herons, plovers, kingfishers, egrets, ibises,
cormorants, snakes, lizards, spiders, insects, snails and
mangrove crabs thrive on land or upper parts of the mangrove plants.
• Wallabies, bandicoots, antechinus, possums, dingoes, pigs and cattle as well
as a number of rodent species have all been known to visit mangroves,
usually at low tide.
• Besides sheltering animals and birds, mangroves also provide protected areas
for fish, crabs, shrimps and all sorts of small critters. They contribute to
the mangrove food web and provide a rich environment for many
marine species.
6

7. [A tiger in the Sunderbans national park] [ Sundarbans sanctuary expansion]
[Colorful sponges cling to mangrove roots][Barnacles]
7

8. 4. MAP WORK :
8

9. MONTANE FOREST
DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, MCL, JA, DERA
PREPARED BY - SUBHASHREE PATI
CLASS- IX A
ROLL NO. - 55
SUBJECT- GEOGRAPHY
GUIDED BY- SABITA MISHRA MAM
9

10. COMMON ANIMALS
These are extensively used for grazing
by nomadic tribes like the gujjars and t
he Bakarwals.
OTHER FEATURES
These forests cover mostly the southern
slopes of Himalayas , places having high
altitudes in southern and north- east India.
OCCURRENCE
Pine, oak, chestnut, deodar, cedar,
slver fir, spruce, juniper, etc .
COMMON PLANTS
In mountainous forest areas , the decrea
ses in temperature with increasing altitud
es leads to the corresponding changes in
the natural vegetation.
VARIATION
Kashmir stag, spotted dear, wild sheep, jack rabbit,
tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard, squirrels, shag
gy horn wild ibex, bear, red panda and goats.
10

11. Add your title
1000- 20
00 metres
1500- 3000
metre At higher altitudes generally more
than 3600 metres above the
sea level , temperate forests
and grasslands give way to the
Alpine vegetation.
more than
3600 m
Wet temperate type fore
st are found between th
e elevation of 1000-200
0 metres.
Between 1500- 3000
m , temperate forests c
ontaining coniferous tr
ees are found. 11

12. TROPICAL EVERGREEN
FORESTS
Name - Sthiti Pragyan Nanda
Roll no- 52
Class- 9
Section-A
Guided by :- Sabita Mishra mam
12

13. Tropical Evergreen
Forests
Tropical Evergreen forests of India are found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Western
Ghats,which fringe the Arabian Sea, the coastline of peninsular India, and the greater Assam region in
the north-east.Small remnants of evergreen forest are found in Odisha state.Semi-evergreen forest is
more extensive than the evergreen formation partly because evergreen forests tend to degrade to
semi-evergreen with human interference. There are substantial differences between the three major
evergreen forest regions.
The Western Ghats monsoon forests 𝐨ccur both on the western (ghats)margins of the coastal and on
the eastern side where there is less rainfall. These forests contain several tree species of great
commercial significance (e.g. Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia), Malabar Kino (Pterocarpus
marsupium), teak (Tectona grandis) and Indian laurel (Terminalia crenulata)), but they have now been
cleared from many areas. In the evergreen forests, there is an enormous number of tree species; at
least 60 percent of the trees of the upper canopy are of species which individually contribute not
more than one percent of the total number. Clumps of bamboo occur along streams or in poorly
drained hollows throughout the evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of south-west India, probably
in areas once cleared for transporting agriculture.
The tropical vegetation of north-east India (which includes the states of Assam, Nagaland, Manipur,
Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya as well as the plain regions of Arunachal Pradesh) typically occurs at
elevations up to 900 metres (3,000 ft). It embraces evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, moist
deciduous monsoon forests, riparian forests, swamps and grasslands. Evergreen forests are found in
the Assam Valley, the foothills of the eastern Himalayas and the lower parts of the Naga Hills,
Meghalaya, Mizoram and Manipur, where the rain fall exceeds 2,300 mm (91 in) per annum. In the
Assam Valley the giant Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus) and Shorea assamica occur singly,
occasionally attaining a girth of up to 7 metres (23 ft) and a height of up to 50 metres (160 ft). The
monsoon forests are mainly moist sal (Shorea robusta) forests, which occur widely in this region.
The Andaman and Nicobar islands have tropical evergreen forests and tropical semi-evergreen
forests as well as tropical monsoon forests.[3] The dominant species of Keruing wood is
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus in hilly areas, while Dipterocarpus kerrii is dominant on some islands in the
southern parts of the archipelago. The monsoon forests of the Andamans are dominated by the
Andaman Redwood (Pterocarpus dalbergioides) and Terminalia spp.
Tropical forests in India's east present a total contrast with the pine and coniferous woodland of the
Western Himalayas. The natural cover of India varies with altitude; these evergreen forests are
bounded with high alpine meadows nearer to the snowline and temperate forests of short stout trees
at lower elevations. In the Himalayan foothills are deciduous trees, with shrubs, bamboo, ferns and
grass. 13

14. Tropical Evergreen
Forests
India's northern plains, the course of the holy rivers Ganges
and Yamuna; the Thar Desert in the west; the Sundarbans, the
marshy swamplands, in the delta of the Ganges and the
Brahmaputra, in the east; the Deccan Plateau, lying in the rain
shadow of the hills and the Western Ghats with their dense;
luxuriant forests – all provide fascinating variations in
habitats. These forests sustain 350 species of mammals,
2,100[citation needed] kinds of birds (both local and
migratory), nearly 350 species of reptile and countless insects.
Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life
support systems-water,air and soil. It helps reserve the
genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of
species. The need for conservation of the environment and
the forests has exercised the minds of Indian rulers from the
earliest of times. In recent times, it was the administrators
and princely rulers who demarcated and reserved forests as
private preserves. Today many of the forested regions form
the nucleus of India's wildlife sanctuaries and parks. Still,
increasing population, hunting and encroachments continues
to threaten India's forest lands.
14

15. NATURAL VEGETATION AND
WILDLIFE
NAME-SOUBHAGYA CH PRADHAN
CLASS-IX
SEC-A
ROLL NO. -49
15

16. INTRODUCTION
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF TREES BUSHES GRASSES ANDREW BIRDS IN THE FIELDS AND PARKS IN AND
AROUND THE SCHOOL ARE THEY SIMILAR OR THERE ARE VARIATIONS INDIA BEING A VAST COUNTRY
YOU CAN IMAGINE THE TYPE OF BIO FORMS AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY
OUR COUNTRY IS ONE OF THE 12 MEGA BIO DIVERSITY COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD WITH ABOUT
47000 PLANT SPECIES INDIA OCCUPIES TENTH PLACE IN THE WORLD AND FOURTH IN ASIA IN PLANT
DIVERSITY THERE ARE ABOUT 15000 FLOWERING PLANTS IN INDIA WHICH ACCOUNT FOR 6 PERCENT IN
THE WORLD TOTAL NUMBER OF FLOWERING PLANTS
16

17. INDIA ALSO HAVE APPROXIMATELY 90,000 SPECIES OF ANIMALS AS WELL AS MARINE
ANIMALS NATURAL VEGETATION REFERS TO PLANT COMMUNITY WHICH HAS GROWN
NATURALLY WITHOUT ANY HUMAN AID AND HAS BEEN LEFT UNDISTURBED BY
HUMANS FOR A LONG TIME
THE TERM FLORA IS USED TO DENOTE PLANTS OF PARTICULAR REGION OR PERIOD.
SIMILARLY THE SPECIES OF ANIMALS ARE REFERRED TO AS FAUNA…. …..
17

18. Factors affecting distribution of
natural vegetation and wildlife
climate.
Name :Soumyalipta Mishra
Class:9’A’
Roll. No:51
18

19. RELIEF
 Land: Land affect the natural vegetation directly and
indirectly the nature of land influences the type of
vegitation. The fertile level is generally devoted to
agriculture the undulating and rough terrains are
areas where grass land and woodlands develop and
give a shelter to a verity of wildlife.
 Soil: The soils also variety over space. Different types
of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation.
The Sandy soils of the desert supports cactus and
thorny bushes while wet has, marshy, Detroit soil
supports mangrove and deltaic vegetation.
19

20. CLIMATE
 Temperature: The characterand extent of vegetation
are mainly determined by temp along with humiditiy
in the air precipitation and soil. On the slope of the
Himalayas and the hills of the peninsular above the
height of 915m, the fall in the temperature affects the
types of vegetation and it’s growth, and changes it
from tropical to subtropical temperate and alpine
vegetation.
 Photoperiod : the variation in duration of sunlight at
different places is due to differences in latitude altitude
season and duration of the day. Due to longer duration
of sunlight, trees grow faster in summer.
 Precipitation: In India almost the entire rainfall is
brought in by the advancing southwest monsoon and
retreating northeast monsoons. Areas of heavy rainfall
have more dense vegetation as compared to other area
of less rainfall.
20

21. ECOSYSTEM
 Plants occurs In distinct group of community in areas
having similar climatic condition.
 When the vegetation is altered, the animal life also
changes. All the plants and animals in an area are
Interdependent and interrelated to each other in the
Environment. Thus forming an ecosystem.
 Some trees found in this region are Teak, Shisham, Sal,
Neem, and Cinchona etc. In India, parts that are
covered with Tropical Deciduous forests are Odisha,
Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, UP, Chhattisgarh,
and parts of Maharashtra. Animals found in this area
are deer, porcupines, fox, etc.
21

22. Tropical deciduous
forests
Presented By- Subhalaxmi Jena IX ‘A’
Roll no.-53
Guided By-Sabita Ma’am
22

23. Tropical deciduous forests
23

24. Importance of deciduous forests
24

25. Tropical deciduous forests in India
25

26. PRESENTATED BY:
TANISHKA SAMANT
CLASS - 9'A'
ROLLNO.58
SUBJECT - GEOGRAPHY
GUIDED BY: SABITA MAM
IMPORTANCE OF
WILDLIFE AND CAUSES
OF THEIR DEPLETION
26

27. IMPORTANCE OF
WILDLIFE
• Research and Education
• Recreational value
• Cultural value
• Scientific value
• Economic value
• Environmental value
• Sport value
• Diet value
• Ecological
• Service(Jobs,benefits)
27

28. CAUSES OF WILDLIFE
DEPLETION
Natural factors usually
occur at a slower rate
than human factors and
therefore cause a lower
extinction rate.Human
activities occur at a faster
rate and cause higher
extinction rates.
28

29. • Natural Factors:Climate
Heating and cooling,
Natural disasters,Acid rain,
Disease,Low Birth Rate,
Low genetic diversity.
• Human Factors: Poaching and
Hunting,Habitat
Destruction,Wildlife
Trade,Pollution.
29

30. Welcome to the geography Subject enrichment
activity
Name – Sudha Chandran Kar
Class-IX’A’
Roll no -57
30

31. Wild Life- Its present status and its distribution
• What is wildlife?
Wild life consists of Wild animals (Fauna) and plants(Flora). They
helps in maintaining the nature. Flora can make their own food
while fauna cannot and are dependent upon the plants and
animals as well.
Present status of Wildlife
Like it’s flora, India is also rich in its fauna. It has approximately
90,000 animal species. The country has about 2000 species of
birds. They constitute 13 persent of the world’s total. There are
2,546 species of fish, which accounts for nearly 12 persent of the
world’s stock.It also shares between 5 and 8 persent of the world’s
amphibians, reptiles and mammals.
31

32. • India is a home to a large variety of wild
animals.It is a biodiversity hotspot with its
various ecosystem. Ranging from the
Himalayas in the north to the evergreen rain
forest in the south.The desert sands of the
west and the marshy mangrove in the
east.India is lying within the Indomalayan
realm, which is home to about 7.6 persent of
mammals 14.7 persent of amphibians,6
persent of birds, 6.2 persent of reptiles and
6.0 persent of floweing plants. India’s
forests land nurtures about 500 species of
mammals and 2000+ bird species.
32

33. India is one of the most biodiverse region of the world and contain
three of the 36 world’s Biodiversity hotspot of the world – The
western ghats, the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-burma hotspot.
It is one of the megadiverse Countries. The country has seven
Natura World Heritage sites, eleven Biosphere reserve in the world
network of biosphere reserves and 37 Ramsar wetland.
The elephants are the most majestic
animals among the mammals. They are found in the hot wet forests
of Assam , Karnataka and Kerela. One-horned rhinoceroses are the
other animals, which live in swampy and marshy lands of Assam
and West bengal. Arid areas of the Rann of Kachchh and the Thar
desert are the habitat for wild ass and camels respectively. Indian
bison, nilgai (blue bull), chousingha, hazel and different species of
deer are some other animals found in India.
33

34. 34

35. 35

36. Area.
Animals found in this area
• Gir Forest, Gujrat.
Asiatic Lions
• Assam.
Elephants and one horned Rhino
• Great Indian desert
Camel and Wild Ass
• Himalayan Region. Wild
goats, snow leopards,Bears
36

37. STEPS TO CONSERVE WILDLIFE
MADE BY-VANSH SHARMA
ROLL NO-59
CLASS IX A
37

38.  1. Adopt. From wild animals to wild places, there’s an option for
everyone. Get together with classmates to adopt an animal from
a wildlife conservation organization such as the World Wildlife
Fund (WWF). Symbolic adoptions help fund organizations.
 2. Volunteer. If you don’t have money to give, donate your
time. Many organizations and zoos have volunteer programs. You
can help clean beaches, rescue wild animals or teach visitors.
 3. Visit. Zoos, aquariums, national parks and wildlife refuges are
all home to wild animals. Learn more about our planet’s species
from experts. See Earth’s most amazing creatures up close.
 4. Donate. When you visit your local accredited zoos and nature
reserves, pay the recommended entry fee. Your donations help
maintain these vital conservation areas.
 5. Speak Up. Share your passion for wildlife conservation with
your family. Tell your friends how they can help. Ask everyone
you know to pledge to do what they can to stop wildlife
trafficking.
38

39.  6. Buy Responsibly. By not purchasing products made from endangered animals
or their parts, you can stop wildlife trafficking from being a profitable enterprise.
 7. Pitch In. Trash isn’t just ugly, it’s harmful. Birds and other animals can trap
their heads in plastic rings. Fish can get stuck in nets. Plus, trash pollutes
everyone’s natural resources. Do your part by putting trash in its place.
 8. Recycle. Find new ways to use things you already own. If you can’t reuse,
recycle. The Minnesota Zoo encourages patrons to recycle mobile phones to
reduce demand for the mineral coltan, which is mined from lowland gorillas’
habitats.
 9. Restore. Habitat destruction is the main threat to 85 percent of all threatened
and endangered species, according to the International Union for Conservation of
Nature. You can help reduce this threat by planting native trees, restoring
wetlands or cleaning up beaches in your area.
 10. Join. Whether you’re into protecting natural habitats or preventing wildlife
trafficking, find the organization that speaks to your passion and get involved.
Become a member. Stay informed. Actively support the organization of your
choice.
 World Wildlife Day, held March 3, celebrates the diversity of the planet’s plants
and animals.
39

40. MIGRATORY BIRDS
IN INDIA &
MEDICINAL PLANTS
PREPARED BY VIVEK RANJAN SAHOO
STANDARD IX A
ROLL NO. 60
DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, MCL, JA, DERA, TALCHER
40

41. 1.Siberian Cranes.
2.Amur Falcon.
3.Greater Flamingo.
4.Demoiselle Crane.
5.Bluethroat.
6.Black Winged Stilt.
7.Blue Tailed Bee Eater.
8.Bar Headed Goose.
9.Rosy Starling.
10.Great White Pelican.
MIGRATORY BIRDS IN INDIA
Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway,
between breeding and wintering grounds. India is a winter home for most of the Siberian birds, also
numerous species of birds from other region of the world. These beautiful birds migrate to India every
year during the winter and summer season for food, breeding and nesting.
41

42. MEDICINAL PLANTS
1.Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
2.Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)
3.Aloe Vera (Aloe vera)
4.Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
5.Beth root (Trillium erectum)
6.Aconite (Aconitum)
7.Sushni (Marsilea quadrifolia)
8.Wooly Lamb’s Ear (Stachys byzantina)
9.Solomon’s Seal (Polygonatum)
10.Elecampane (Inula helenium)
Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine
practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions
including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals.
4233

43. ALLOTTED TOPICS ROLL NO. WISE
ROLL
NO
TOPIC Status DATE OF SUBMISSION
49 NATURAL VEGETATION & WILD LIFE -INTRODUCTION Given (13/09/2020)
50 FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE-
RELIEF
-
51 FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE-
CLIMATE
Given GL-VIVEK RANJAN
SAHOO
52 TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS Given
53 TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS Given
54 THORN FOREST & SCRUBS -
55 MONTANE FORESTS Given
56 MANGROVE FORESTS & MAP WORK Given
57 WILD LIFE –PRESENT STATUS & DISTRIBUTION Given
58 IMPORTANCE OF WILDLIFE & CAUSES OF THEIR DEPLETION Given
59 STEPS TAKEN TO CONSERVE WILDLIFE Given
60 MIGRATORY BIRDS IN INDIA & MEDICINAL PLANTS Given
43

44. Thank You
Guided by Sabita Mishra ma’am