This Power point presentation is about Earthquake in the North East part of India basically focusing On Tripura.

1. EARTHQUAKES
A MENACE WITH SPECIAL REFERANCE TO India
Department: Electrical
Year: 1ST Year (2nd Semester)
Created by: Sanjukta Banik (20UEE082)
GUIDED BY: SHASHWATI SOUMYA PRADHAN

2. DISASTERMANAGEMENTDEFINATIONS AND CONCEPTS
• DISASTER: Disaster is an event, man-made or
natural, sudden or progressive, causing widespread
human, material or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the effected area to cope
using its own resources.
• FLOODS: A flood occurs when water flows or rises
above and beyond its normal level or course in a
river.
• CYCLONES: It is a swirling atmospheric disturbance,
accompanied by powerful winds , which occurs in the
hot oceans of temperate and tropical latitudes.
• EARTHQUAKES: The shaking of the surface of the
Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in
the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
“ IT TAKES AN EARTHQUAKE TO REMIND US THAT WE ARE WALKING ON THE
SURFACE OF AN UNFINISHED PLANET.”

3. What is EARTHQUAKE??
• An Earthquake is the result of a sudden release of
energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic
wave.
• The seismic activity of an earthquake refers to
the frequency, type and size of earthquakes
experienced over a period of time.
• Intensity of earthquake is determined from
effects on people, human structures and the
natural environment.
• Major earthquakes can be preceded by foreshocks
and followed by aftershocks.
• Energy release → Vibrations → Earthquakes

4. Terms Related to Earthquake
• Focus(Hypocenter): The hypocenter is the point within
the earth where an earthquake rupture starts.
• Epicenter: The point on the Earth’s surface vertically
above the focus of an earthquake that is directly
above the true center of the seismic disturbance.
• Fault line: A fault line is the surface trace of a fault,
the line of intersection between the earth’s surface.
• Fault plane: The flat surface along which two blocks of
the earth’s crust suddenly slip past one another during
an earthquake.
• Fault Scrap: A fault scrap is the topographic expression
of faulting attributed to the displacement of the land
surface by movement along faults.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

5. Causes of Earthquake
• Most earthquakes are caused by movement of the Earth’s
tectonic plates.
• Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological
faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity,
landslides.
• Violent Volcanic eruptions may cause earthquakes.
• If meteorite strikes the earth.
• When rocks cannot withstand the stress any longer, they
creak or shift and energy is released.
• Open cast mining(quarry) causes earthquakes through re-
bounding.
“PEOPLE ARE NOT JUST KILLED BY EARTHQUAKE ALONE, BUT BY COLLAPSED
BUILDING.”

6. SEISMICZONESOF INDIA
SEISMIC ZONES INTENSITY ON M.M SCALE
Zone-II( Low-Intensity Zone) 6(or less)
Zone-III(Moderate Intensity Zone) 7
Zone-IV( Severe Intensity Zone) 8
Zone-V(Very-Severe Intensity Zone) 9 or above

7. PLACESIN THE ZONES
• Zone V: The region of Kashmir, the
western and central Himalayas, North and
Middle Bihar, the North-East region and
the Rann of Kutch
• Zone IV: Indo-Gangetic Basin and Delhi,
Jammu and Kashmir,parts of Gujarat. In
Mumbai, the Patan area( Koyananagar), In
Bihar, the northern part of the state like
Raksaul, Near the border of India and
Nepal
• Zone III: The Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, parts of Kashmir, Western
Himalayas, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
West Bengal, Karnataka.
• Zone II: Covers remaining parts of the
country.

8. WHENTHE EARTH SHOOK:
• More than 13,000 people were killed, at least 15
lakh injured, 3.4 lakh buildings damaged, and about
7.8 lakh houses destroyed in the Gujarat
earthquake on 26th January 2001.
• This earthquake with its epicenter at Bhuj occurred
along a fault in the east-west direction.
• The stress that caused this earthquake was due to
the Indian plate pushing northward in the Eurasian
plate .The earthquake measured 7.7 in the Richter
scale.
• The earthquake destroyed around 40% of homes,
eight schools, two hospitals and 4km of road in
Bhuj, and partly destroyed the city’s historic
Swaminarayan temple and historic forts, Prag Mahal and Aina Mahal .
In Ahmedabad, approximately 7 million, as many as
50 multi-storey buildings collapsed and several
hundred people died.

9. NORTHEASTIN REDZONE
• The 1950 Assam- Tibet earthquake, also known as
the Assam earthquake, occurred on 15th August and
had a magnitude of 8.6.
• The epicenter was located in the Mishmi Hills, south
of the Kangri Garpo and just east of the Himalayas
in the NEFA part of Assam, India. The earthquake
was destructive in both Assam and Tibet, and
approximately 4,800 people were killed.
• In addition to the extreme shaking, there were
floods where when the rivers rose high after the
earthquake bringing sand, mud, trees etc.
• After the 2001 Bhuj Earthquake, it was calculated
that 70% of the Himalayas could experience an
extreme powerful earthquake. In 2015, the
Himalayas were hit by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake
with an epicenter in the further east of Nepal.

10. DISASTER IN TRIPURAAT A GLANCE
●Earthquake – High ● Landslide – Low
●Cyclone –Moderate ● Hail Storm – Moderate
●Flood – Moderate
• A magnitude 5.7 earthquake struck India 20 km (12 m) east
north-east of Ambasaa in the state of Tripura on 3rd January
2017 with a maximum observed intensity of 6-7 EMS.
• At least 50 houses were damaged due to landslides that occurred
in Dhalai district, while roads were blocked after trees were
uprooted.
• At least 6,727 buildings were damaged in Tripura in the districts
of Dhalai and Unakoti.
• Shaking was felt in many parts of north-eastern India including as
far as Kolkata. The tremor was also felt in neighboring
Bangladesh, where two people died and three others were injured
• The earthquake caused Iiquefaction on the banks of the Manu
river in Tripura and along the Dhalai river in adjacent parts of
Bangladesh, in particular in the Kamalganj area.

11. REMEMBER

12. TO DO’S AFTERTHE TREMORSUBSIDE
• At first we should check for injuries and then treat
ourself first. Then help others.
• Expect aftershocks
• If smell gas, turn that off.
• Extinguish small fires.
• Inspect home for damage
• Tune to Emergency Alert Systems(EAS)

13. THANK YOU…
AND DON’T FORGET TO DROP,
COVER, HOLD ON.
“SHAKE OUT, DON’T FREAK OUT”
(SAVE YOURSELF DURING EARTHQUAKE)