2. NAME OF DENIM
Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes
under two or more warp threads. This twill weaving produces a
diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck. While a
denim predecessor known as dungaree has been produced in India
for hundreds of years, denim itself was first produced in the French
city of Nîmes under the name “serge de Nîmes
3. ETYMOLOGY AND
ORIGINDenim has been used in the United States since
the mid-19th century. Denim initially gained
popularity in 1873 when Jacob W. Davis, a tailor
from Nevada, manufactured the first pair of rivet-
reinforced denim pants. At this time, clothes for
Western laborers, such as teamsters, surveyors,
and miners, were not very durable. His concept for
making reinforced jeans was inspired when a
female customer requested a pair of durable and
strong pants for her husband to chop wood. When
Davis was about to finish making the denim jeans,
he saw some copper rivets lying on a table and
used the rivets to fasten the pockets. Soon, the
popularity of denim jeans began to spread rapidly
and Davis was overwhelmed with requests. He
soon sold 200 pairs to workers in need of heavy
work clothing. Nevertheless, because of the
production capacity in his small shop, Davis was
struggling to keep up with the demand. He then
wrote a proposal to dry goods wholesaler Levi
Strauss & Co. that had been supplying Davis with
bolts of denim fabric. Davis's proposal was to
patent the design of the rivet-reinforced denim
pant, with Davis listed as inventor, in exchange
for certain rights of manufacture. Levi Strauss &
4. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT ON EXPORT OF RMG AND
TOTAL EXPORT OF BANGLADESH
YEAR
EXPORT OF RMG
TOTAL EXPORT OF
BANGLADESH
% OF RMG’S TO TOTAL
EXPORT
(IN MILLION US$) (IN MILLION US$)
2016-17 28149.84 34655.9 81.23
2017-18 30614.76 36668.17 83.49
VALUE OF TOTAL APPAREL EXPORT
Fiscal Year Basis
YEAR
TOTAL APPAREL EXPORT IN MN.US$
WOVEN KNIT TOTAL
2016-2017 14392.59 13757.25 28149.84
2017-2018 15426.25 15188.51 30614.76
Data Source Export Promotion Bureau, Compiled by BGMEA
Source: EPB, Compiled by: RDTI Cell, BGMEA
BANGLADESH'S RMG EXPORTS TO WORLD, FY 2016-17 & 2017 18
Month
ALL COUNTRIES
Woven Growth Knit Growth
Total (Woven+Knit)
Growth
Year Rate Year Rate Rate
2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18
Total 14392.59 15426.25 7.18 13757.25 15188.51 10.4 28149.84 30614.76 8.76
5. OVERVIEW OF
BANGLADESH
DENIM
The wide consumption of denim by
fashion connoisseurs globally has created
a new opportunity for Bangladesh. The
industry in Bangladesh presently has 25
denim producing factories with total
investment of over USD 834 million. [1]
The monthly productions of denim stands
at 30 million yards per month while the
demand of nearly 60 million yards. To
fulfill the balance demand, imported 30 to
35 million yards per month from
countries like China, India & Pakistan
which average value is USD 75 million.
The total investment in the denim sub-
sector is USD 900 Million according to
BTMA data.
6. Moreover global Market for Denim is forecast to reach USD 64.1
billion by 2020. In 2013-2014, export of denim products to the USA
and EU markets rose by roughly 25 percent and day by day it is
increasing. The total denim production of the whole world are
approximate 7 billion meters and within these total 70% fabric is
produced in Asia.
The future of Bangladesh’s denim industry is bright. To meet the
growing demand of denim fabric to International market, the local
mills are investing hugely on state-of-the-art imported machineries
especially on the weaving & processing side and setting up large
plants in the country.
7. TAKE A LOOK
OVERVIEW OF
BANGLADESH
DENIM.
Growth opportunity
As of now, Bangladesh is the largest exporter of denim
products to Europe with a 27% market share topping
China, the largest exporters of clothing products to both
Europe and the US. With a 14.20% market share,
Bangladesh now is also the third largest exporter of
denim products in the US after Mexico and China.
According to Eurostat, statistics directorate of the
European Commission, Bangladesh in 2017 exported
denim products worth of €1.30 billion – a 0.54% hike
from 2016’s €1.29 billion. However, Bangladesh's closest
competitor Turkey has posted a 4.36% growth to $1.12
billion in the same period. Bangladesh earned $507.92
million – a 9.55% growth – exporting denim products to
the US markets in 2017, which was $463.61 million in
2016, according to data from the Office of Textiles and
Apparel (Otexa) in the US. China earned $921.90 million
with 1.41% negative growth, while second largest
exporter Mexico registered 7.9% negative growth by
earning $793.42 million. Meanwhile, Pakistan and
Vietnam, the two closest competitors of Bangladesh,
posted positive growths by over 13% earning $213.78
million and nearly 20% earning $207.28 million,
respectively. Bangladesh currently exports Blue Denim
Trousers WG, Blue Denim Trousers MB, Blue Denim Skirts,
Blue Denim Jackets, Blue Denim Suit Type Coats MB,
Playsuits, and Sunsuits, among other products, to the
international markets. The major global retailers to which
8. According to market research and advisory firm Technavio, the global
denim and jeans market is worth about $60 billion. However, the
denim industry is expected to grow at a compound annual growth
rate (CAGR) of over 6.5% by 2020. Asia Pacific Countries (APAC) is
expected to be the fastest growing market for denim jeans, said
Technavio data, and China is the fastest growing country in the
region. Since Bangladesh is now the largest exporter to the EU and
holds a large share in US markets, there is an enormous opportunity
to grow - especially in premium denim jeans market, which is
expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.23% by 2020 in the region. "There
is hardly any adult in the world whose wardrobe does not contain at
least one pair of jeans. Moreover, jeans are now worn and loved by
women and children across the world. So the prospect of
Bangladesh's denim export growing in the coming years is
undoubtedly bright.
9. STATISTICS
COMPARISON
BETWEEN TOP TEN
DENIM
EXPORTERS IN EU.Bangladesh has overtaken China to become the
largest denim supplier to the European Union --
a development that would give confidence to the
country's garment sector as it looks to hit $50
billion in exports by 2021.
In the January-June period of 2016, Bangladesh
exported €567.97 million worth of denim
products to the 28-nation bloc -- enough to
secure a 21.18 percent market share, the highest.
In 2014, the size of the global denim market
stood at $56.20 billion, Mostafiz said. By 2020,
the global denim market will reach $64.1 billion,
while Bangladesh's denim export is forecasted to
reach $7 billion by the end of 2021.
It is estimated that the global denim market will
grow by about 8 percent a year until 2020,
Mostafiz said citing data from the Cotton Inc USA.
10. OVER VIEW OF
BANGLADESH
JEANSBangladesh is the second largest exporter of jeans
after China to the EU market and for USA it holds
third position. Bangladesh boasts of having around
400 jeans sewing factories and where jeans
exports around to 120 countries all over the world.
The exported jeans worth at least USD 3.5 billion
annually to the USA and EU market. For better
quality and competitive price range more than 66
international brands including C&A, Charles
Vogele, G-Star, GAP, H&M, Jack & Jones, s.Oliver,
PVH and River Island have turned to Bangladesh in
the last couple of years.
The annual demand of jeans ran to 214 million
pieces in 2013-2014, of which 74 million went to
the EU and 140 million to the USA market. [3] In
this period, the countries garments makers
exported nearly 180 million pieces of denim jeans
in men’s, boys and women categories to the world
market where as 150 million jeans were produced
for the men’s and boy’s category and 30 million
11. The global jeans distribution is 194 million
pieces for the EU and 304 million for the USA
market. Bangladesh’s denim jeans share in the
EU market on volume basis for men’s jeans
bottom wear is around 28 percent, while in the
women’s category it is 19 percent. In the USA,
the country enjoys a 10 percent share in men’s
bottom and 5 percent in women’s jeans bottom
wear segment by volume.
Bangladesh jeans are not only competitive in
price but can also make high fashion jeans.
Bangladesh estimates that it would make four
out of five jeans items for the EU market by
2020. EU and USA Buyers are already showing
interest in sourcing jeans from Bangladesh by
passing China, Pakistan, India and Vietnam,
exploiting its good price range and quality.
12. Name of Denim fabric How to identify Physical View
Raw denim or dry
denim:
Raw denim or dry denim is not
washed after being dyed during
its production. So raw denim is
dark, stiff and very durable.
Such type of denim color will
fade over time, which many
people like.
Selvedge denim:
Selvage denim is a unique kind
of denim. It forms a clean
natural edge that does not
unravel. It’s made by one
continuous cross-yarn: quite
an advanced process that leads
to a strong, durable piece of
clothing. The selvage edge is
usually stitched with colored
thread: green, white, brown,
yellow, and red (red is the most
common). This type of denim is
more expensive as compared
to other types of denims.
13. Stretch denim:
Stretch denim is one of them most
comfortable form of denim. It is closest
to pure denim. To manufacture stretch
denim 2 to 3% spandex material are
used. So it allows moving more freely
than other denim fabrics. It is widely
used to make women jeans.
Poly denim:
Poly denim looks like a dressier denim.
To make casual wear poly denim is used.
It is lightweight and easy to wash and
dry. It is comfortable to wear and still
maintain a professional look. This fabric
is more resistant to wrinkling.
14. Ramie cotton denim:
Ramie denim is blended with other
fabrics such as cotton, polyester and
spandex. Which reduces wrinkling and it
keeps its shape. This denim has a silky
luster look, which makes for perfect
casual denim dress, tops, and overalls.
Cotton serge denim:
Serge denim is considered as traditional
type denim. It is made with 100% cotton
serge. Serge is actually a fabric having a
diagonal pattern. It is known for being
sturdy and resilient
15. Colored denim:
Colored denim is manufactured with dyed
yarn either warp or weft. Now it is trend.
Colored denim is a great way to bring
interest, femininity, and sunny personality
to regular jeanswear. This type of denim
can be obtained by piece dyeing process.
Technically, colored denim is really twill
and not denim. "Denim" specifically refers
to the indigo-and-white fabric that is
traditionally used for jeans.
Bubblegum denim:
Bubble gum denim is lycra containing
denim that has between 35 to 50% stretch.
Bubblegum denim is widely used to make
women items like as shorts.
16. Denim from fox fiber:
This denim fabric manufactured by
colored cotton fiber. Developed and
patented by California cotton breeder,
Salley Fox. NITRA, India has also done
work on this line.
Crushed denim:
Crushed denim is woven with an over
twist weft yarn. This denim that looks
permanently wrinkled. The fabric then
shrinks when washed. The effect can
also be improved by using bleach and
stone.
17. Vintage denim:
Vintage denim is old looked denim.
Normal denim is treated with stone wash
or organic enzyme cellulose wash with
bleach results in torn and old looking
texture over a denim.
Ecru denim:
Denim that has not been dyed indigo.
This denim contains single color yarn
(mostly gray colored yarn is used) in its
weft and wrap.
18. Marble denim:
This is also called acid washed denim.
Marble denim is washed with a strong
bleach solution.
Reverse denim: In reverse denim face side and reverse
side is same.
19. Bull denim:
A heavy weight denim weave (14oz.
Plus). Bull denim is durable and heavy,
takes dye well with very good results.
This denim is perfect for slipcovers,
upholstery, draperies, pillow covers,
headboards and much more.
Printed denim: That has been printed with a pattern-a
batik, stripe or floral.
20. Slub denim:
Slub denim is denim that has been
woven using uneven, or slub, yarn for
both the warp and weft threads. It is a
more rare type of denim and develops a
unique crisscrossed pattern as it fades.
It is also called crosshatch denim.
Sanforized Denim:
This is denim fabric which is processed
so that it does not shrink after wash.
Most of the denim other than raw denim
is Sanforized. Sanforized denim is made
from cloth that has been stretched, fixed
and shrunk in length at the mill. The
result of sanforization leads to 1-3%
shrinkage, as opposed to 10% shrinkage
with unsanforized (shrink to fit) denim
21. Waxed reverse Denim:
This is denim fabric which has a coating
of wax on the reverse side for water
resistance. It is mostly used to make
outdoor gear and bags
Thermo denim:
Thermochromism refers to the color
change in a substance’s property due to
temperature shifts. The most popular
example of this is the mood ring, but if
that’s too retro for your fashion taste
22. TR stretch denim
fabric:
Stretch knitted Fabric,
weft knitted Composition: cotton 72.8%,
poly21.4%, rayon 4.4%, spandex:1.4%
Fabric weight: 6 oz to 12.5 oz before
washing
Better hand feeling than TC stretch
denim.
Terry/Knit Denim
Fabric:
French terry denim is the hottest trend
on the denim market right now.Knitted
denim fabric having good wrinkle
resistance and improved extensibility or
stretch to better accommodate body
movement and provide comfort. After
denim fabric knitting, the differentially
colorable yarns may be dyed to
selectively color one or more of the yarn
groups as desired.
23. Flower Pattern Denim: It’s a decorative denim fabric, it’s also
fusion trends now a days.
Satin Denim Fabric:
With the exception of denims and casual
fabrics with a soft, washed hand. Fabrics
treated with a stain repellent finish
should cause liquid spills to bead up on
the surface for easy blotting before a
stain is created. The effectiveness of
stain repellents is reduced by normal
wear and abrasion over time.
24. Recycled denim fabric:
Recycling and reusing products is the
need of the hour. Denim apparels have
become an inevitable part of every
individuals wardrobe. Old and used
denims can be creatively recycled into
unimaginable, creative, and useful
products.
Flaw Pattern Denim: N/A
Snake Pattern Denim
Fabric:
N/A
25. KEY CHALLENGES FOR BANGLADESH TO CAPTURE
MORE GLOBAL DENIM MARKET SHARE
Bangladesh has an enormous opportunity to grow
in the RMG export markets. Denim products have
emerged as major players in the global markets.
Their contribution to overall RMG exports is
increasing rapidly. But, there are challenges for
Bangladesh to capture more global denim market
share. Bangladesh is already the number one denim
sourcing country for Europe. We are also among the
top five sourcing countries for the US. Yes, we have
potential to grow our share further though we have
some limitations. Infrastructure is a major
challenge for Bangladesh although the government
is trying its best to improve the situation.
Inefficiency in ports, inadequate rail and road
networks, gas and electricity crisis and the need for
a deep sea port are some of the major challenges
for Bangladesh. These are also the root causes of
why Bangladesh is among the highest lead time
countries. We must take steps to improve our
infrastructure and lead time. Another major
challenge is dependence on external sources for
fabrics. We still have to import about 60% denim
fabrics. We also have to focus on value rather than
volume, and need to put emphasis more on
