Research results

1. Safety Clusters
Ensure Safety (Clusters 0 and 9). Both clusters address general safety insurance. Companies like:
1. VSORA: works on vehicle control which is designed in a way to ensure the highest possible safety.
(https://www.vsora.com/)
2. Savari: their product MobiWAVE eliminates traffic-related fatalities by deploying life-saving V2X applications.
(https://savari.net/)
3. Veniam: data transmission to ensure safety and driver training. (https://veniam.com/)

2. Safety Clusters
Warning alerts (Clusters 1, 4, 6, and 8). These clusters were combined as they have a lot in common about driver warnings due to
different circumstances. Companies like:
1. Eye-net Mobile: works on side-impact alerts which​ identify threats outside the field of view. (https://eyenet-mobile.com/)
2. GEVAS software: accident alerts and road works messages. (https://gevas.eu/)
3. V2X Network: traffic safety & predictive collision warnings. (https://www.v2x.network/)
4. DriverTrust: distance estimation for detection of tailgating and real-time warnings are possible in areas with little or no mobile
network coverage. (https://drivetrust.eu/)
5. Humanising Autonomy: real-time prediction into path planning and forward collision warning.
(https://www.humanisingautonomy.com/)
6. Speareye: collision detection using HD-map. (https://speareye.com/)
7. Marben: wrong-way driving and forward collision warning. (https://www.marben-products.com/)
8. Danlaw: forward collision warning and emergency electronic brake lights warning. (https://www.danlawinc.com/)

3. Safety Clusters
9. Traffica: accident prevention and warning messages. (https://traffica.net/)
10. iSmartways: warning messages. (http://ismartways.com/)
11. Ettifos: software to provide information, alerts, and warnings to drivers. (https://www.ettifos.com/)
12. Evam: warning lights and sirens communicate directly from an event of importance to the car's sound system for
ensuring safety. (https://evam.life/)
13. Essys: crash warning, break/stop warning, and sudden crashes alert. (http://www.essys.co.kr/ko/)
14. Gateworks: collision warning and incident detection system. (https://www.gateworks.com/)
15. Neusoft: detects threats. (https://www.neusoft.com/)
16. Askey: detecting hidden threats beyond anything. (https://www.askey.com.tw/)
17. Swarco: collision protection warning. (https://www.swarco.com/de)
18. Hyundai Motor: forward collision avoidance assist. (https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/)

4. Safety Clusters
9. Ficosa: warn the driver of impending dangers. (https://www.ficosa.com/)
10. Lacroix City: collision warning. (https://www.lacroix-city.com/)
11. Connected Wise: forward collision warning and lane departure warning. (https://www.connected-wise.com/)
12. Eco Partnering Innovation: wrong-way vehicle detection systems. (https://ecopartnering.com/)
13. Xesol Innovation: collision warning. (https://www.xesolinnovation.com/)
Vehicle Assist and Blind spot warning (Cluster 2). This cluster is mainly about assisted driving and detecting what the
driver cannot see in their field of view. Examples are:
1. V2X Network: driver-assist features & skills improvement. (https://www.v2x.network/)
2. DriveTrust: geofencing, aggressiveness, speeding, and road anomalies detection. (https://drivetrust.eu/)
3. Humanising Autonomy: blind-spot monitoring. (https://www.humanisingautonomy.com/)

5. Safety Clusters
4. Vsora: Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). (https://www.vsora.com/)
5. Aptiv: ADAS can help avoid an accident entirely and blind-spot warnings. (https://www.aptiv.com/en/)
6. Simcom: ADAS. (https://www.simcom.com/)
7. Danlaw: left turn assist, intersection movement assistance, blind spot & lane change Warning, left turn assist, and curve speed warning.
8. Marben: intersection movement assist, do not pass warning, left turn assist, and blind-spot warning.
9. Hyundai Motor: forward collision-avoidance assist, lane-keeping assist, ADAS, blind-spot collision-avoidance assist, rear cross-traffic
collision-avoidance assist, parking collision-avoidance assist-reverse, high beam assist, and low beam assist.
10. Continental: detect pedestrians and bikers in the blind spot of the vehicle. (https://www.continental-automotive.com/)
11. Bosch: driver assistance beyond the line of sight. (https://www.bosch-mobility-solutions.com/en/)

6. Safety Clusters
Protecting VRUs (Cluster 3). Protecting VRUs and ensuring their safety. For example:
1. Viziblezone: their product targets pedestrians' mobile phones using Radiofrequency. When they are crossing the street, a
warning is sent to the car using the company's software. (https://www.vizible.zone/)
2. Ettifos: Hardware VRU device to provide safety of vulnerable road users.
3. Eye-net Mobile: protects VRUs through software solutions. (https://eyenet-mobile.com/)
4. Humanising Autonomy: VRU detection.
5. Bercman Technologies: notifying pedestrians and drivers to improve safety. (https://www.bercman.com/)
6. EVAM: accurate detection and tracking of vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRU) and safety conditions.
7. Commsignia: safe roads for VRUs. (https://www.commsignia.com/)
8. Applied Information: their App "TravelSafety" connects the user's phone to a network of traffic intersections, motorists,
cyclists, and pedestrians. (https://appinfoinc.com/)

7. Safety Clusters
9. Huawei: protect VRU. (https://carrier.huawei.com/)
10. Qualcomm: VRU Protection. (https://www.qualcomm.com/)
11. Danlaw: pedestrian warning.
12. Marben: human presence on the road and pedestrian crash avoidance.
13. Hyundai Motor: protect VRUs.
14. Lacroix City: protect VRUs.
15. Chemtronics Automated Driving: protect VRUs. (http://chemtronics-automateddriving.co.kr/)
16. Connected Wise: VRU Warning.
17. Xesol Innovation: Drivox offers VRU protection.

8. Safety Clusters
Cybersecurity, eliminating fatalities, and saving lives (Cluster 5). Cluster 5 is about the security of vehicles. As
connected vehicles depend on data, as well as aiming to save lives. For example:
1. Autocrypt: cybersecurity. (https://autocrypt.io/)
2. V2X Network: automatic emergency calls (eCall) and roadside assistance, and medical emergencies.
3. Essys: vehicle access warning.
4. Escrypt: cybersecurity. (https://www.escrypt.com/)
5. Visteon: cybersecurity. (https://www.visteon.com/)
6. U-blox: cybersecurity. (https://www.u-blox.com/)
7. Danlaw: emergency communications & evacuation information.
8. Marben: emergency Vehicle Approaching.
9. Savari: cybersecurity. (https://savari.net/)

9. Safety Clusters
Dashboard messages, weather alerts, and upcoming hazards warnings (Cluster 7). This cluster is also about warning
messages but relating to extreme weather conditions and dashboards to view the vehicle's functionality. For example:
1. V2X Network: real-time weather & hazard notifications.
2. Wayties: dashboard V2X device, warning, and alerts. (http://www.wayties.com/)
3. iSmartWays Technology: weather alerts.
4. Autotalks: V2X system to alert drivers of upcoming hazards on the road. (https://www.auto-talks.com/)
5. Cohda Wireless: class-leading reaction times to potential hazards and safety-critical scenarios.
(https://www.cohdawireless.com/)
6. Qualcomm: hazard conditions warnings.
7. Danlaw: control loss warning and icy road warning.
8. Marben: adverse weather warning and icy road warning.

10. Traffic Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness Clusters
Traffic Speed, Traffic signs, Signal Detection, Speed Guidance, and Traffic Information (Clusters 1 and 6). These
clusters include products that convey traffic information, including signs, signals, and speed guidance. For example:
1. GEVAS Software: offers speed assistance through the application "Traffic Pilot" which visualizes when the lights will
turn green again, and also, a traffic management system identifies free capacity in the traffic network in advance and
informs the road users, for example, on display boards, using radio messages. (https://gevas.eu/)
2. Humanising Autonomy: recommended speed forward.
3. Bercman Technologies: automatic traffic detection.
4. Continual: highway traffic speed and congestion patterns. (https://continualexperience.com/)

11. Traffic Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness Clusters
5. Visteon: their solution enables self-driving under certain conditions such as well-marked highways and traffic jams.
6. Gateworks: onboard GPS sensors to collect location and speed data. An accelerometer also can detect hard braking.
7. Neusoft: Speed Guidance Based on Signal Light Status.
8. Askey: a traffic management center for vehicle tracking, road safety, and traffic efficiency.
9. Marben: red light violation warning and green light optimal speed advisory.
10. Swarco: traffic light assistance and connect traffic lights.
11. Derq: adaptive traffic signal actuation applications based on observed safety events. (http://en.derq.com/)
12. Applied Information: connects the user's phone to a network of traffic intersections, motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians.
13. Chemotronics Automated Driving: Connect traffic lights.

12. Traffic Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness Clusters
Traffic Predictions (Cluster 2). This cluster is concerned with traffic forecasting/prediction individually or not. For
example:
1. Valerann: AI web-based traffic management platform that produces information about everything that takes place on the
road and system continuously provides insights and predictions.
2. eTrans Systems: decision support through traffic simulation and prediction.
3. Continual: traffic flow analytics and prediction.
4. Swarco: individual forecasts for each vehicle.
5. Kapsch TrafficCom: traffic analytics, decision support through traffic simulation and prediction.
(https://www.kapsch.net/)

13. Traffic Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness Clusters
Traffic Condition, Smart Traffic, Decrease Congestion, Traffic Intersection (Cluster 3). This cluster has
smart/intelligent traffic topics for general traffic conditions and during congestions on the road, especially in
intersections. For example:
1. Traffica: safer and smarter traffic, from traffic congestion to accident prevention.
2. Bercman Technologies: integration via API with any infrastructure.
3. Quon Technology: infrastructure information acquisition and renewal of maps' data. (http://www.quon-tech.com/)
4. Indra: their model allows the use of new management and operational approach, enabling information to be sent and
received directly to and from vehicles and sensors using different technologies. (https://www.indracompany.com/)
5. Continual: places of interest and crowded places.
6. Ipgallery: reduce traffic congestion and escalate the use of public transportation and shared rides.
(https://www.ipgallery.com/)

14. Traffic Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness Clusters
7. Swarco: intelligent road markings.
8. Connected Wise: smart traffic signs.
9. Neusoft: traffic flow.
Real-time Traffic Conditions, Real-time Signs, and Traffic Jams Solution (Cluster 4). This cluster is concerned with
companies that offer real-time traffic solutions. For example:
1. GEVAS Software: their model offers a real-time representation of the current traffic situation.
2. Valerann: real-time, high-resolution information about everything that takes place on the road.
(https://www.valerann.com/)
3. Quon Technology: traffic jam relaxation.

15. Traffic Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness Clusters
4. Wayties: Real-time traffic signs. (http://www.wayties.com/)
5. Eco Partnering Innovations: real-time traffic.
6. Essys: real-time traffic conditions.
7. Continental: real-time traffic updates.
Solar Car charging and Green Cars. (Cluster 5). This cluster addresses environmental friendliness topics. For
example:
1. Dcbel: solar car charging. (https://www.dcbel.energy/)
2. Ipgallery: decrease carbon emission and air pollution.
3. Bosch: their solution enables cooperative driving maneuvers, which improves traffic flow and thus, helps reduce
pollutant emissions.

16. Traffic Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness Clusters
Connected Users Phones (Cluster 7). This cluster gives information about products that convey messages related to the
traffic to the user's phone. For example:
1. Applied Information: connects the user's phone to a network of traffic intersections, motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians.
Traffic Flow (Cluster 8). In this cluster, products enhancing the traffic flow are mentioned. For example:
1. Eco Partnering Innovations: control the vehicle frequency entering the traffic flow by using ramp meters that work as
traffic signals.
2. Continual: traffic flow analytics and prediction.
3. Autotalks: enabling the infrastructure to optimize the flow of traffic.
4. Bosch: enable cooperative driving maneuvers, which improves traffic flow.

17. Autonomous Driving Clusters
Road Mapping, Lane Changing, Real-time Maps, and Online Navigation (Clusters 1, 6, and 9). These clusters address
products that have to do with maps and online navigations in real-time and lane changing. For example:
1. Wayties: turn-by-turn navigation and online map service.
2. Commsignia: enhance navigation.
3. Here: rich map data and services that enhance the functionality of ADAS systems and high-definition, automotive-grade
maps and connected services. (https://www.here.com/)
4. Savari: enables frequent updates of onboard maps for navigations and safety systems.
5. Intellias: Collecting real-time data in HD maps to create a precise picture of the road. (https://intellias.com/)
6. Bosch: indicating to other road users the car's intention to change lanes.

18. Autonomous Driving Clusters
7. Qualcomm: Sharing of local data such as 3D HD maps in real-time.
8. Hyundai Motor: Lane shifting Assistance Control and Biased Lane Keeping.
9. Lacroix City: Integrated mapping.
10. Connected Wise: Real-time Maps.

19. Autonomous Driving Clusters
5G-ready, Overtaking Maneuvers and Real-time Data (Cluster 2). This cluster addresses topics related to technologies
compatible with 5G, which allows for real-time data transfer. As well as overtaking maneuvers and car's behavior. For
example:
1. Ettifos: high data rates for autonomous driving.
2. Valerann: uses machine-learning algorithms to map, track and predict everything that takes place on the road. This
enables a comprehensive, real-time, high-resolution data platform.
3. VSORA: various deep-learning and mathematical approaches are used to handle vast amounts of data in real-time.
4. Aptiv: over-the-air (OTA) capabilities allow you to update vehicle software in the field.
5. Smart Mobile Labs: real-time transmission of video, audio and telemetric data between vehicles and infrastructure and
5G-ready. (http://smartmobilelabs.com/)
6. Autotalks: allowing vehicles to share objects detected by the vehicle's other sensors.

20. Autonomous Driving Clusters
7. Cohda Wireless: enhanced performance data collection.
8. Intellias: real-time road information, OTA updates, and personalized online experience to transform a car into a personal
device.
9. Qualcomm: exchanging intention and sensor data for coordinated driving and 5G-ready.
10. Applied Information: the system leaves a modem slot open for future 5G.
11. Continual: leveraging 5G network slicing with the first end-to-end mobility QoS (Quality of Service) measurement
technology.
12. Savari: 5G-ready.
13. Essys: 5G-ready.
14. Continental: 5G-ready.

21. Autonomous Driving Clusters
Accurate Positioning, Lane Detection, Geo-positions, and Distance Control (Clusters 3 and 4). These clusters
address the positioning of cars and controlling the distance between one another. For example:
1. Commsignia: provide information about the position of each vehicle in or out of sight but also their past and future
movements and location.
2. Savari: peer-to-peer (P2P) communications protocols that enable enhanced situational awareness between a vehicle and
its surroundings.
3. Cohda Wireless: accurate positioning to improve driving tasks.
4. Continental: positioning information.
5. Chemtronics automated driving: high-precision geolocation.
6. Connected Wise: geo positions of vehicles and lane detection.

22. Autonomous Driving Clusters
7. Hyundai Motor: response to vehicles that cut in at a short distance and optimal control of the distance between vehicles
and acceleration/deceleration based on the driver's preference.

23. Autonomous Driving Clusters
Low Latency, Remote Driving, and Geolocation Precision (Cluster 5). This cluster's topics are mainly about remote
driving and control with a low latency network connection and geolocation precision. For example:
1. Ettifos: Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC).
2. V2X Network: remote driving features.
3. Continual: remote control center handover requirements, which need road segments supporting low-latency and high
throughput networks.
4. Huawei: low-latency V2X data broadcast, enables smart transportation and autonomous driving.
5. Intellias: remote vehicle control.

24. Autonomous Driving Clusters
Location awareness, Vehicle Information, Share Location, and Broadcasting Capabilities (Clusters 7 and 8). The
topics of this cluster relate to vehicle information and location awareness and sharing/broadcasting. For example:
1. Speareye: location awareness using dynamic HD-map display with C-V2X broadcasting capabilities, integrated with
radar capabilities and localization using GNSS/HD-GNSS/5G Rel 16 ground antennas. (https://speareye.com/)
2. Aptiv: APIs can help with using rich data, such as post-injection fuel quantity, vehicle weight, and air compressor duty
cycle, to improve applications that track driver scores, fuel optimization, regulation compliance, and other metrics.
3. Commsignia: its product can transmit intersection geometry information to allow secure signal phase broadcasts for
each lane and enable a signal change request.
4. Applied Information: merging vehicle data with temperature, GPS, and other data to provide a situational overview of
the user's transportation assets and alarm on engineered parameters.

25. Autonomous Driving Clusters
5. Autotalks: cars share information such as their speed, location, heading, path prediction, dimensions, vehicle properties,
and acceleration.
6. Essys: collect vehicle status information and provide accurate location information.

26. Convenience Clusters
Crowded Places Guidance, Wallet Feature (Cluster 0). This cluster is concerned with cars having a wallet feature and
finding places of interest. For example:
1. V2X Network: digital car wallet.
2. Continual: places of interest and crowded places.
Entertainment Systems, Voice Recognition, Parking Accuracy and Infotainment (Clusters 1 and 7). These clusters
bundle topics about entertainment and infotainment, as well as voice recognition and parking accuracy. For example:
1. Kotei: parking accuracy. (http://english.kotei-info.com/)
2. Continual: infotainment.

27. Convenience Clusters
3. Mimik: infotainment car unit and adding selfies and videos taken during a trip to a shared library. (https://mimik.com/)
4. Intellias: rear-seat entertainment systems and voice recognition and voice guidance.
5. Gateworks: optimized parking.
6. MuRata: in-vehicle infotainment. (https://www.murata.com/)
7. Continental: infotainment systems keep drivers and passengers always informed about what is going on their routes.
8. Applied Information: intelligent parking guidance system.
OTA Lifetime Upgrades, Monitoring Performance, Real-time Parking Availability, and KPIs (Clusters 2 and 6).
The topics related to these clusters are Software updates, KPIs, and monitoring vehicle information in addition to real-time
parking available spots. For example:

28. Convenience Clusters
1. Connexion: It simultaneously tracks in real-time all key performance indicators in the vehicles.
(https://connexionltd.com/)
2. Eco Partnering Innovations: real-time parking availability.
3. Ipgallery: one view combining all mobility alternatives, parking, and real-time city and transport info.
4. Visteon: software updates.
5. Qualcomm: parking and driver monitoring and over-the-air (OTA) updates, on-demand performance upgrades, or
feature activation over the lifetime of a connected car.
Digital Car ID, Shop Goods and Services, and Payment Applications (Clusters 3 and 8). These clusters' topics are
mainly about giving the car an identity allowing it to execute monetary transactions. For example:
1. V2X Network: digital identity on the network without a need for additional hardware.

29. Convenience Clusters
2. Chorus Mobility: peer-to-peer payments protocols and decentralized applications for connected vehicles.
(https://www.chorus.mobi/)
3. OWiN: digital car identity to shop for goods and services from the car. (https://www.owin.kr/)
4. Ipgallery: share ride options.
Energy Consumption (Cluster 4). This cluster's topic is about efficient energy management. For example:
1. Chargesmith: energy management, vehicle networking, power consumption testing, and infrastructure information.
(https://www.chargesmith.com/)
2. Fermata Energy: utilizes stored energy in the battery of an electric vehicle to supply power to a consumer's home.
(https://www.fermataenergy.com/)

30. Convenience Clusters
Remote Ecalls and health reports (Cluster 5). This cluster's topic is about requesting the car remotely in emergencies
and the car's ability to self-diagnose. For example:
1. Visteon: emergency calls, remote features, and vehicle health reports.
Smartphone Connectivity (Cluster 9). This cluster's topic is about the user connecting to the car and controlling it via
smartphones. For example:
1. Wayties: smartphone connectivity iOS/ Android.
2. Neoway: help the user remotely start the vehicle, turn on the air conditioner, and adjust the seat to the appropriate
position. (http://www.neoway.com/en/)
3. Visteon: phone/internet connectivity.

31. Society and Community Cluster + Additional Categories
Society and Community. This application has only one company in the sample;
1. Chargesmith: shared user's charging report to build community intelligence to make the charging status transparent.
Additional Categories. Some products did not fit the pre-defined applications; they were collected together under newly-
defined categories and analyzed manually rather than using K-means clustering.
Hardware. The topics for this category are mainly about V2X hardware, as seen in Table 9.
1. Antennas. This topic is about Antennas that can support different technologies. For example:
a. Antenum: they design thin conformal antennas that are invisible outside the car, including AM/FM, eliminating
the expensive antenna in the rear windshield. (https://www.antenum.com/)
b. FreeFall: they produce unique mmWave antennas with extended ranges and modular design.
(https://www.freefall5g.com/)

32. Additional Categories clusters
c. Movandi: integrated antenna modules. (https://movandi.com/)
d. Quectel: automotive antennas. (https://www.quectel.com/)
e. WNC: automotive antennas. (https://www.wnc.com.tw/)
f. DENSO: vehicle antennas. (https://www.denso.com/)
g. Harada Industry: V2X antennas. (https://www.harada.com/)
2. Modules. This topic is about V2X modules. For example:
a. Quectel: automotive modules.
b. Unex Technology: V2X system-on-module. (https://www.unex.com.tw/)
c. WNC: automotive modules.
d. LG Innotek: V2X modules. (https://www.lginnotek.com/)
e. Alps Alpine: V2X modules. (https://www.alpsalpine.com/)

33. Additional Categories clusters
1. Onboard Units (OBU). This topic is about OBUs. For example:
a. Nebula Link: advanced V2X onboard communication system VT-Box and rear V2X onboard terminal.
(http://www.nebula-link.com/)
b. Unex Technology: OBUs
c. WNC: C-V2X OBUs.
d. ZTE: OBUs. (https://www.zte.com.cn/)
2. Roadside Units (RSU). This topic is about RSUs. For example:
a. Unex Technology: RSUs.
b. WNC: RSUs.
c. ZTE: RSUs.

34. Additional Categories clusters
3. Onboard Units (OBU). This topic is about OBUs. For example:
a. Nebula Link: advanced V2X onboard communication system VT-Box and rear V2X onboard terminal.
(http://www.nebula-link.com/)
b. Unex Technology: OBUs
c. WNC: C-V2X OBUs.
d. ZTE: OBUs. (https://www.zte.com.cn/)
4. Roadside Units (RSU). This topic is about RSUs. For example:
a. Unex Technology: RSUs.
b. WNC: RSUs.
c. ZTE: RSUs.

35. Additional Categories + Connectivity clusters
1. Miscellaneous. This topic contains all products that did not fit any of the other topics. For example:
a. Movandi: processor interfaces and complete reference platforms.
b. Nebula Link: smart car terminal V-Box II, smart side terminal T-station and x-Cloud Smart Network Connected
Cloud Platform.
c. DENSO: vehicle sensors.
Connectivity. For this category, no topics were extracted due to the small sample size. For example:
1. Husarnet: Peer-to-Peer VPN to connect laptops, servers, or microcontrollers over the internet with zero configuration,
which can be utilized for V2X communication. (https://husarnet.com/)

36. Connectivity Cluster
2. VLNComm: their hybrid Li-Fi – Wi-Fi solution for V2V and V2R communication offers reliable communication over a
wide range of distances with low latency, low interference, and secure bidirectional communication.
(https://vlncomm.com/)
3. FlipsCloud: 5G / Internet of Things( IoT) / V2V ,V2X / Real time Encryption. (https://flipscloud.com/)
4. Simcom: The wireless communications module enables existing conventional vehicles to be quickly connected to the
cloud and make them more environmentally friendly, more efficient, safer, and smarter to use and manage cars.
5. Ericsson: a unique combination of microwave, IP router, and integrated optical solutions. Their mobile transport
solutions deliver the capacity, ultra-low latency, and layer three capability needed to build, scale and service 5G
everywhere. (https://www.ericsson.com/)
6. GoHigh: telecommunications company to accelerate C-V2X applications. (https://about.keysight.com/)

37. Fleet Management Cluster
Fleet Management. For this category, no topics were extracted due to the small sample size. For example:
1. V2X Network: GPS vehicle tracking, driver safety, operational efficiency, and intelligent navigation for fleets.
2. Weeve: fleet management by gathering data on fuel consumption, routes, driver performance, and vehicle behavior to
increase productivity, reduce costs, and improve safety. (https://www.weeve.network/)
3. Dashroad: a fleet management solution that includes a global vehicle tracking dongle designed for mobility companies.
(https://www.dashroad.com/)
4. FleetLink: a reliable fleet management system is crucial for the profitability of the user's fleet.
(https://www.fleetlink.de/)
5. Danlaw: Fleet management.

38. Platooning Cluster
Platooning. For this category, no topics were extracted due to the small sample size. For example:
1. Speareye: platooning.
2. Commsignia: platooning offers many advantages as increasing the capacity of the road, reducing the air drag, improving
safety, and minimizing traffic congestion which results in lowering fuel consumption and harmful emissions.
3. Peloton Technology: platooning hardware to support the driver. Trucks in a platoon are continuously being monitored
through the network operations cloud, which respond to changing weather, traffic, truck, or other conditions with End-
to-End Encryption for communication between trucks. (http://peloton-tech.com/)
4. Bosch: uses V2X communication to form platoons to travel in a perfectly coordinated close convoy with only a small
gap between each vehicle, reducing fuel consumption and, consequently, operating costs.

39. Testing Cluster
Testing. This application has only one company in the sample. For example:
1. PMG Technology: Testing autonomous and connected vehicles and offering consultation services regarding the required
equipment, layout, and connected infrastructure for the development, organization, execution, and logistics of such a
space. (https://www.pmgtest.com/)