Glycyrrhizin is a major glycoside extracted from the roots of the liquorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It has a molecular formula of C42H62O16 and molecular weight of 822.94 gm/mol. Glycyrrhizin is 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose and can be isolated from liquorice roots using alcohol or ammonia extraction methods due to its solubility properties. It has a variety of medicinal uses and is estimated quantitatively using techniques like TLC-densitometry, colorimetric assays, and HPLC.

1. Glycosides :
Glycyrrhizin
Presented by:
Miss Shruti Ashok Salve
M. Pharmacy 1st Year
Dept of Pharmacognosy
Submitted to:
Miss Tanuja Wankhede
Dept of Pharmacognosy
PHYTOCHEMISTRY

2. Liquorice

3. Chemical Constituents of Liquorice
Liquorice or Glycyrrhiza Chemical Constituents:
 Glycyrrhizin/ glycyrrhizic acid (major glycoside)
 Glycyrrhitic acid (aglycone)
 Glucoronic acid
 Liquiritoside, iso-liquiritoside, liquiritin, isoliquiritin
(Flavonoid/ Chalcone glycosides)
 Sugars- Glucose, mannitol
 Resin, Volatile oil, Starch

4. Literature Review
Damle, M., 2014. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)- A potent
medicinal herb. International journal of herbal medicine, 2(2)
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linnis a plant used in traditional medicine
across the world for its ethnopharmacological value. It contain
important phytoconstituents such as glycyrrhizin, glycynhizinic acid,
glabrin A and B and isoflavones. It is effectively used as anti-
inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anti- viral,
anti-ulcer, anti-oxidant, skin whitening agent. The present article is
literature on Glycyrrhiza glabra with respect to its traditional uses,
bioactive constituents and pharmacologic activities.

5. Introduction to Glycyrrhizin
 Glycyrrizin is a plant glycoside extracted from roots of liquorice plant.
 It is 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose.
 Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn is one of the most extensively used medicinal
herb.
 The word Glycyrrhiza is derived from the Greek term glykos (meaning
sweet) and rhiza (meaning root).
 Glycyrrhizin have a long history of medicinal value and are used in the
treatment of peptic ulcer, especially glycyrrhetinic acid (triterpene
derivative).

7. Biosynthesis
Glycyrrhizin

8. Characterization of Glycyrrhizin
 Biological Sources: Liquorice, it is the
dried, peeled or unpeeled, roots, rhizome of
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
 Family: Leguminosae
 IUPAC Name: (38,18a)-30-hydroxy-11,30-
dioxoolean-12-en-3-yl 2-0-0-0-
glucopyranuronosyl-B-D-
glucopyranosiduronic acid
 Molecular formula: C42H62O16
 Molecular weight: 822.94 gm/mol

9. Isolation of glycyrrhizin
 The isolation of glycyrrhizin from glycerrhiza is based on its
solubility.
 Glycyrrhizin is soluble in hot water, alcohol, but slightly soluble in
cold water and insoluble in ether.
 The methods of isolation are:
1. Alcohol extraction method
2. Ammonia extraction method

10. Alcohol extraction method
PROCEDURE:
1. Weigh 50g of powdered drug into 500 ml beaker & add 100ml
methanol then mix it.
2. Add another 100ml methnol & left it for 24hrs
3. Filter and collect the filtrate.
4. Extract this methnolic extract with 3 portions of petroleum ether,
subsequently with benzene, ethyl acetate chloroium and solvent ether.
5. Transfer methnolic layer into porcelain dish & evaporate it to get
glycerrhizin.

11. Ammonia extraction method
PROCEDURE:
1. Glycerrhiza is extracted with hot water and filtered.
2. Filtrate is acidified with con H2SO4 to pH 2.8
3. Ppt is dissolved in dil.NH4OH and poured into acetone to ppt
ammonium glycerrhizinate.
4. The ppt is dissolved in hot water and evaporated to get ammonium
glycerrhizinate.

12. Estimation methods
Estimation of the glycyrrhizin can be done by following methods:
1. TLC-densitometry
2. Colorimetric method
3. UV-spectroscopic method
4. HPTLC method
5. Preparative HPLC method

13. Colorimetric method:
 Glycerrhizin gives purple color with anisaldehyde in the presence of
H2SO4.
 This forms the basis of estimation.
 The intensity of color developed is proportional to the amount of
glycerrhizin, which is measured at 556 nm.

14. Medicinal Uses

15. References
1. Prof Dr. Ali Esmail, Glycyrrhiza glabra: A phytochemical and pharmacological
review, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, Volume 8, Issue 6 Version I (June2018)
2. Shadma Wahab, Sivakumar Annadurai, Mohd Amir, Glycyrrhiza glabra
(Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological
Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology, Plants (Basel), 2021 Dec 14;
10(12):2751
3. Wang, C., Chen, L., Xu, C., Shi, J., Chen, S., Tan, M., Chen, J., Zou, L., Chen,
C., Liu, Z. and Liu, X., 2020. A comprehensive review for phytochemical,
pharmacological, and biosynthesis studies on Glycyrrhiza spp. The American
journal of Chinese medicine, 48(01)
4. Sawai, S. and Saito, K., 2011. Triterpenoid biosynthesis and engineering in
plants. Frontiers in plant science

16. Thank You