THIS PRESENTATION IS ABOUT CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS

1. NAME :
MUNEEB AHMAD
ROLL NO :
2022-BAE-27

2. BUILDING MATERIALS
➢BUILDING MATERIAL IS ANY MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSE
SUCH AS MATERIALS FOR HOUSE BUILDING. WOOD, CEMENT, AGGREGATES,
METALS, BRICKS, CONCRETE, CLAY ARE THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF
BUILDING MATERIAL USED IN CONSTRUCTION.
❑ TYPES
1. NATURAL BUILDING MATERIALS : THE MATERIALS THAT OCCUR NATURALLY AND
ARE USED FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ARE KNOWN AS NATURAL
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS. NATURAL BUILDING MATERIALS INCLUDE ROCKS,
WOOD, ETC.
2. ARTIFICIAL BUILDING MATERIALS : THE MATERIALS MANUFACTURED
ARTIFICIALLY AND USED IN THE DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ARE
KNOWN AS ARTIFICIAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS. EXAMPLES OF ARTIFICIAL
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ARE BRICKS, CEMENT, STEEL, GLASS, AND
PLASTICS, ETC.

3. 1.STONES
❑ TYPES OF STONES
IGNEOUS ROCKS,SEDIMENTRY ROCKS, METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FORMED AS A RESULT OF COOLING MOLTEN
ROCK TO SOLID STATE.
• SEDMENTRY ROCKS ARE FORMED FROM DEPOSITS OF PRE-EXSISTING
ROCKS OR PIECES OF LIVING ORGANISM.
• METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE FORMED WHEN ROCKS ARE SUBJECTED
TO HIGH HEAT AND HIGH PRESSURE.
❑ PROPERTIES
STRENGTH&DURABILITY,PERMEABILITY,HARDNESS ETC.
❑ USES
• FOR CONS.TRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL & PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
• CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS,COLUMS,DAMS ETC.

4. 2.BRICKS
➢A BRICK IS A TYPE OF BLOCK USED TO BUILD WALLS,PAVEMENTS
AND OTHER ELEMENTS IN MASONARY.
❑ TYPES
BURNT CLAY BRICKS,ENGINEERING BRICKS,CONCRETE BRICKS
❑ STANDARD DIMENSION OF BRICK
THE NORMAL SIZE OF BRICK IS 8.75”X4.25”X2.75” WITHOUT CEMENT.
THE BRICK SIZE WITH CEMENT MORTAR IS 9”X4.5”X3”.
❑ USES
• BRICKS ARE USED IN WALL MASONARY CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING.
• USED IN BRICK LINTEL CONSTRUCTION.
• BROKEN BRICKS ARE USED AS A BALLAST MATERIAL FOR RAILWAY
TRACKS AND ALSO AS A ROAD METAL.
• BRICKS ARE EXTENSIVELY USED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LOAD-BEARING
WALLS AND PARTITION-WALLS.
• BRICKS ARE ALSO USED FOR FACE-WORK WHEN ARTISTIC
EFFECT IS REQUIRED.

5. 3.STEEL
➢STEEL IS AN ALLOY OF IRON AND NUMBER OF OTHER
ELEMENTS,MAINLY CARBON.
❑ TYPES
• STAINLESS STEEL: STEEL COMBINED WITH CHROMIUM AND
SOMETIMES NICKEL. STAINLESS STEEL GENERALLY DO
NOT FORM RUSTON THEIR SURFACES.
• GALVANIZED STEEL:A ZINC CIATED STEEL THAT IS RESISTANT TO
CORROSION.
• WEATHERING STEEL:HAS A RUST LIKE APPEARANCE THAT CAN RESIST
CORROSION,BY FORMING A PROTACTIVE SURFACE LAYER.
❑ USES
• STEEL IS USED IN RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION.
• STEEL IS ALSO USED ON BENCH TOPS,IN BATHROOMS.
❑ PROPERTIES
• DUCTILE
• TOUGH
• CORROSION RESISTANT

6. 4.TIMBER/WOOD
➢ANY WOOD CAPABLE OF YIELDING A MINIMUM
DIMENSIONAL SIZE CAN BE TERMED AS TIMBER.
❑ TYPES
• BAMBOO TIMBER:A BAMBOO TREE IS A NATURAL ORGANIC
TREE.BAMBOOS ARE FAST GROWING AND HIGH-YIELDING.
• BIRCH TIMBER:BIRCH IS ONE OF SUPERIOR CRAFT-WOOD.IT IS A MAJOR
SOURCE FOR GETTING HARDWOOD.
• CEDAR TIMBER:CEDAR IS ONE OF HIGH QUALITY TYPES OF WOOD.IT IS
MANUFACTURED FROMDIFFERENT TREES KNOWN AS CEDARS.
• MAHOGANY TIMBER:IT HAS HIGH QUALITY.MAHOGANY IS MAJORLY
USED FOR THE FURNITURE AND CABINET BUILDING INDUSTRY.
❑ USES
• TIMBER FLOORING.
• ROOFS,PARTITION WALLS,FURNITURE ETC.
❑ PROPERTIES
• FLEXIBILITY&STRENGTH
• TOUGHNESS&DURABILITY

7. 5.GLASS
➢ GLASS IS AN INORGANIC SOLID MATERIAL THAT IS
USUALLY TRANS PARENT OR TRANSLUCENT AS WELL
AS HARD&BRITTLE.
❑ TYPES
• ANNEALED GLASS
• TEMPERED GLASS
• INSULATED GLASS
• LAMINATED GLASS
• COATED GLASS
❑ USES
• USED IN WINDOWS AND DOORS
• AS INSULATION MATERIAL
• FACADES
• REINFORCEMENT STRUCTURES

8. 6.SAND
➢SAND IS A NATURALLY
OCCURING GRANULAR MATERIAL MADE
UP OF FINE ROCK PARTICLES. THE MOST
COMMON CONSTITUENT OF SAND IS
SILICA.
❑ TYPES
• PIT SAND
• RIVER SAND
• SEA SAND
❑ USES
• SAND IS OFTEN A PRINCIPAL COMPONENT OF THE
AGGREGATE USED IN THE PREPARATION OF CONCRETE.
• BRICK MANUFACTURING PLANTS USE SAND AS AN
ADDITIVE WITH A MIXTURE OF CLAY AND OTHER
MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS.
• IT IS THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT
IN GLASS MANUFACTURING.

9. 7. AGGREGATES
➢AGGREGATES REFER TO IRREGULAR AND GRANULAR
MATERIALS SUCH AS SAND, GRAVEL, OR CRUSHED
STONE, AND ARE USED FOR MAKING CONCRETE .
❑ TYPES
• COARSE AGGREGATE
• FINE AGGREGATE
❑ USES
• AGGREGATES ARE USED IN CONSTRUCTION TO PROVIDE
DRAINAGE, FILL VOIDS, PROTECT PIPES, AND TO PROVIDE
HARD SURFACES.
• THEY ARE ALSO USED IN WATER FILTRATION AND SEWAGE
TREATMENT PROCESSES.

10. 8. CEMENT
➢A CEMENT IS A BINDER, A SUBSTANCE USED FOR
CONSTRUCTION THAT SETS, HARDENS, AND
ADHERES TO OTHER MATERIALS TO BIND THEM
TOGETHER.
❑ TYPES
• Ordinary Portland Cement.
• Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC).
• Rapid Hardening Cement.
❑ USES
1.IT IS USED IN MORTAR FOR PLASTERING, MASONRY
WORK, POINTING, ETC.
2.IT IS USED FOR MAKING JOINTS FOR DRAINS AND
PIPES.
3.IT IS USED FOR WATER TIGHTNESS OF STRUCTURE.

11. 9.PAINTS
➢A SUBSTANCE COMPOSED OF SOLID COLORING
MATTER SUSPENDED IN A LIQUID MEDIUM AND
APPLIED AS A PROTECTIVE OR DECORATIVE
COATING TO VARIOUS SURFACES.
❑ TYPES
• ENAMEL PAINT
• EMULSION PAINT
• CEMENT PAINT
• BITUMINOUS PAINT
• MATTPAINT
❑ USES
• PROTECTING SURFACES FROM INSECTS, RAIN, SOLAR
RADIATION AND OTHER EXTERNAL FACTORS.
• SIMPLER MAINTENANCE: WELL PAINTED SURFACES ARE
EASIER TO KEEP CLEAN AND SAFE.
• INCREASING THE VISUAL APPEAL OF A SURFACE.

12. 10.TILES
➢TILES ARE MANUFACTURED FURNISHING
MATERIALS COMMONLY USED TO COVER
INTERNAL WALLS, CEILINGS AND FLOORS. THEY
CAN BE SIMPLE AND FUNCTIONAL OR
DECORATIVE AND ELABORATE.
❑ TYPES
• CERAMIC TILE
• PORCELAIN TILE
• GLASS TILE
• MARBLE TILE
• GRANITE TILE
❑ USES
• THEY ARE USED IN HOUSES RESTAURANTS, OFFICES, SHOPS,
AND SO ON, AS KITCHEN, AND BATHROOM SURFACES.
• ARE USED FOR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FLOORING

13. 11.CLAY/MUD
➢Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material
that, along with other materials such as stone and
wood, has been used as for construction.
❑ TYPES
• Brick clay
• Stoneware clay
• Bentonite clay
• Potter's clay
❑ USES
• Clay IS used for making pottery, both utilitarian and
decorative.
• CLAY IS USED IN construction products, such as bricks, walls,
and floor tiles.

14. 12.PLASTIC
➢PLASTICS ARE A WIDE RANGE OF
SYNTHETIC OR SEMI-SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS THAT USE POLYMERS AS A
MAIN INGREDIENT.
❑ TYPES
• Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE)
• High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl)
• Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
• Polypropylene (PP)
❑USES
• Plastic is used across almost every sector, including to produce
packaging, in building and construction, in textiles, consumer
products, transportation, electrical and electronics and industrial
machinery.

15. 13.FOAM CONCRETE
➢Foam concrete is a type of lightweight
concrete that has many advantages
compared to conventional building
materials, for example low density and
thermal insulation characteristics.
❑ TYPES
• Gap Filling Foams.
• Foam Adhesives.
• Low Isocyanate and Isocyanate-Free Foams.
• Rigid Foams.
• Fire Resistant Foams.
• SPRAY FOAM

16. 14.FABRIC
➢FABRIC STRUCTURES ARE FORMS OF
CONSTRUCTED FIBERS THAT PROVIDE END
USERS A VARIETY OF AESTHETIC FREE-FORM
BUILDING DESIGNS.
• Fabric structures are flame retardant, weather-
resistant, and natural forces such as earthquakes.
• Fabric structure is basically acts as a tensile
structure.
• In the fabric structure, the fabric is used is coated
and laminated with synthetic materials in order to
increase its strength, durability, and environmental
resistance.

17. 15.TATCH
➢ WITH THE HELP OF DRY VEGETATION
SUCH AS STRAW, WATER REED, SEDGE,
RUSHES, HEATHER, OR PALM
BRANCHES ROOF OF THE BUILDING IS
CRAFTED IS KNOWN AS THE THATCHING.
❑ USES
• DUE TO THATCHING, THE SHADED WATER DOES
NOT COME TO THE INNER ROOF.
• DUE TO DENSELY PACKED VEGETATION IS USED
FOR THE THATCHING IT WORKS AS INSULATION.
• THATCHED IS ALSO USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF MODERN ROOFS THAT ARE KNOWN AS
THATCHED ROOFS.

18. 16.GYPCRETE
➢As a new building material, gypcrete
or gypsum concrete is a mixture
of gypsum plaster and fiberglass roving.
❑ USES
• It is used as a floor underpayment.
• Gypcrete is generally used in
the building in a wood frame and
concrete construction with properties
of fire ratings, sound
reduction, radiant heating,
and floor leveling.

19. 17.BLOCKS
➢CONCRETE BLOCKS ARE A PREFABRICATED
MATERIAL MAINLY USED TO BUILD WALLS.
LIKE BRICKS, THE BLOCKS ARE STACKED
TOGETHER AND JOINED WITH A MORTAR,
USUALLY CONSISTING OF CEMENT, SAND,
AND WATER. THE BLOCKS ARE HOLLOW
INSIDE TO ALLOW FOR STEEL BARS AND
MORTAR FILLING.
❑ USES
• USED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES SUCH AS THE
CONSTRUCTION OF LOAD-BEARING WALLS,
RETAINING WALLS, PARTITIONS, AND
FOUNDATIONS.

20. 18.LIME
➢LIME IS A CALCIUM-CONTAINING
INORGANIC MATERIAL COMPOSED
PRIMARILY OF OXIDES, AND
HYDROXIDE, USUALLY CALCIUM
OXIDE AND/OR CALCIUM
HYDROXIDE.
❑ USES
• USED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES SUCH AS THE
CONSTRUCTION OF LOAD-BEARING WALLS,
RETAINING WALLS, PARTITIONS, AND
FOUNDATIONS.

21. 19.BITUMEN
➢BITUMEN IS A MATERIAL OBTAINED BY
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE
PETROLEUM AS AN END PRODUCT.
BITUMEN IS A NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLID
OR VISCOUS MATERIAL HAVING
ADHESIVE PROPERTIES DERIVED FROM
OIL EITHER BY NATURAL OR REFINERY
PROCESS.
❑ USES
• BITUMINOUS MATERIALS ARE USED FOR
ROAD CONSTRUCTION, ROOFING, AND OTHER
APPLICATIONS.

22. THANK
YOU
ALLAH
HAFIZ