This document provides an overview of theodolite surveying and the main parts of a theodolite. It discusses how a theodolite can measure both horizontal and vertical angles, allowing surveyors to triangulate object positions. The key parts of a theodolite are then described in detail, including the telescope, horizontal and vertical scales, support frame, upper and lower plates, plate levels, leveling and shifting heads, magnetic compass, tripod, and plumb bob. In total, the document outlines the function and use of theodolites for surveying applications and identifies the primary components that make up a theodolite.

1. SURVEYING PRESENTATION
MD. SHAFIUL IMAM - 231022015
MD.YOUNUS RAKIB - 231022022
KAZI MASHUDUR RAHMAN - 231022002
FAHAD NUR - 231022001
EMAMUL HAQUE - 231022023
9/29/2023

2. THEODOLITE SURVEYING
The theodolite is an instrument that can measure both horizontal and vertical angles,
which allows surveyors to “triangulate” the position of objects in a specific area.

3. THEODOLITE :
The Theodolight is a most accurate surveying instrument mainly used for:
1.Measuring Horizontal and vertical angek.
2.Locating points on a line.
3.prolong ging survey line.
4.Finding difference of level.
5.Setting out grade .
6.Ranging cuves
7.Tachometric Survey

4. Parts of a Theodolite
Knowing the parts of a theodolite is important. The parts should be accustomed to
each other. Without regulation of the parts cannot be worked accurately. Whenever
theodolite uses in sites, each part takes seriously. Depends on placing the parts, the
measuring result could be changed or stabled. Theodolite consists of some main parts.

6.  These theodolite parts are discussed briefly below.
Telescope - It is used to see the object. It rotates about a horizontal axis in the
vertical plane. It can be up to an accuracy of 20 degrees.

7. Horizontal Scale (Circle)- It is used for measuring the horizontal angle.
Vertical Scale (Circle) - It is used for measuring the vertical angle.

8. Index frame- The frame consists of horizontal and vertical wings. This frame is
additionally called a t-frame or vernier frame. The horizontal wing helps to require the
measurement of vertical angles and the vertical wing helps to grip the telescope at the
wanted level.
Support Frame- Standards look like 'A' shaped and for that, it is known as A-frame.
The standards’ frames support the telescope and allow it to spin about the vertical axis.

9. The upper plate- It is the bottom on that standard and vertical settled. It also helps to
rotate the standards and telescope regularly for correct measurement. the upper plate
must be horizontal to the alidade axis and coordinate to the trunnion axis. The
instrument must be leveled and this leveled is achieved by adjustment of three-foot
screws and perceptive an explicit tube bubble. The bubble is understood as a plate
bubble and located within the upper plate.
The lower pale- The lower plate is that the base of the entire instrument. It homes the
foot screws and the carrying for the vertical axis. it is strictly connected to the tripod-
escalating assembly and does not modifier or shift. Horizontal angles are measured
with this plate.

10. Plate level- Plate levels are lifting by the upper plate that is the proper angles to every
different with one they are coordinate to trunnion axis. Plate levels facilitate the
telescope to mend incorrect vertical points.

11. The leveling head- The leveling head consists of two parallel triangular plates called
tribrach plates. The upper one is called as upper tribrach plate and is used to level the
upper plate and telescope with the help of equalizing screws provided at its three ends.
The lower one is called a lower tribrach plate and is connected to the tripod stand.
The shifting head- Shifting head conjointly consists of two parallel plates that are
modified one over the opposite among a limited range. Shifting head lies below the
lower plate. It is helpful to centralize the complete instrument over the positioning.
Magnetic compass- A circular box compass or magnetic compass is mounted on the
vernier scale between the standards. It is provided for taking the magnetic bearing
points.

12. Tripod- The theodolite is mounted on a powerful tripod once getting used within the
field. The tripod’s legs are sturdy or framed. At the lower ends of the legs, pointed
steel shoes are provided to urge them pushed into the bottom. The tripod head has
male screws on that the trivet of the leveling head is screwed.

13. Plumb bob- To center the instrument precisely over a station mark, a plumb bob is
suspended from the hook fitted to the rock bottom of the central vertical axis.
The theodolite has other more parts are - Level tube, Foot Plate, Standard
Frame, Upper Clamp, Trunnion Axis, Lower Clamp, Vernier Frame, Inner Axis,
Outer Axis, Altitude Level, Leveling Screw, Clamp Screw. Tangent Screw..

15. THANK YOU…….