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1. ASSIGNMENT
ON
YELLOW FEVER VACCINE
Submitted to:
Dr. Preeti Jain [PJa]
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
North South University
Submitted by:
Saikat Islam
ID: 1911162649
PHR223 [Section: 01]

2. Yellow fever vaccine: Yellow fever vaccine is a vaccine that protects against yellow
fever. Yellow fever is a viral infection that occurs in Africa and South America. There is no
medicine to treat or cure yellow fever. Yellow Fever vaccine prevents against Yellow Fever, a
viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the transmission of a flavivirus through the bite of an
infected mosquito. Most people begin to develop immunity within 10 days of vaccination and 99
percent are protected within one month, and this appears to be lifelong.
It is injected subcutaneously in the upper arm [just under the skin] or into a muscle.
Yellow Fever Vaccine is composed of two live, attenuated strains of yellow fever virus, 17D-204
and 17DD, which have been shown to elicit an immune response identical to that induced by
wild-type infection. Vaccination with Yellow Fever vaccine is considered to be the most
important and effective measure to protect against Yellow Fever, with protective immunity
developing within 10 days after vaccination.
Type: The 17D vaccine, which is based on a live, attenuated viral strain, is the only
commercially available yellow fever vaccine. It is given as a single subcutaneous injection.
Yellow fever vaccine is highly effective (approaching 100%).
Production: The attenuated live YF 17D vaccine strain is derived from a wild-type YF
virus (the Asibi strain) isolated in Ghana in 1927 and attenuated by serial passages in chicken
embryo tissue culture. Two substrains of the 17D vaccine virus are currently used for vaccine
production in embryonated chicken eggs, namely 17D-204 and 17DD. Some vaccines are also
prepared from a distinct substrain of 17D-204 (17D-213). Sorbitol and gelatin are commonly
used as stabilizers.
How long does yellow fever vaccination last: For most people, one
dose of the vaccine provides long-lasting protection. Certain people may benefit from another
dose of the vaccine either because they have problems with their immune system.

3. Storage: Ti is stored at 2° to 8°C (35° to 46°F). It should not freeze. Should not use vaccine
after expiration date. YF-VAX does not contain a preservative. Half-life is reduced from
approximately 14 days at 35° to 37°C to 3-4.5 days at 45° to 47°C.
USES: It is given as a single shot. One dose provides lifelong protection for most people.
The vaccine is administerd as the single dose of 0.5 mL subcutaneously using a suitable sterile
needle sterile syringe. Only registered Yellow Fever Vaccination Centers like Passport Health
can give the yellow fever vaccine and provide the International Certificate of Vaccination
(“yellow card”) to travelers and other individuals.
Indication: Yellow Fever Vaccine is indicated for active immunization for the prevention
of yellow fever in persons 9 months of age and older in the following categories:
Persons Living in or Traveling to Endemic Areas: Greater risk is associated with living in or
traveling to areas of South America and Africa where yellow fever infection is officially reported
at the time of travel and with traveling outside the urban areas of countries that do not officially
report the disease but that lie in a yellow fever endemic zone.
Persons Travelling Internationally Through Countries with Yellow Fever: Some countries
require an individual to have a valid International Certificate [YELLOW CARD] of Vaccination
or Prophylaxis (ICVP) if the individual has been in countries either known or thought to harbor
yellow fever virus. The certificate becomes valid 10 days after vaccination with Yellow Fever
Vaccine.
Laboratory Personnel: Laboratory personnel who handle virulent yellow fever virus or
concentrated preparations of the yellow fever vaccine virus strains may be at risk of exposure by
direct or indirect contact or by aerosols.
Who should not get yellow fever vaccine: Infants younger than 6 months
of age should not get the vaccine. In addition, anyone with a severe allergy to any part of the
vaccine, including eggs, chicken proteins, or gelatin should not get the vaccine. Anyone who has

4. had a severe reaction to a previous dose of yellow fever vaccine should not be vaccinated again.
Moreover-
 HIV/AIDS or other disease that affects the immune system
 Thymus disorder
 Adults 60 years of age and older
 Infants 6 – 8 months of age
 Pregnant women and nursing mothers
 Breastfeeding
 Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of yellow fever vaccine, or has any
severe, life-threatening allergies.
 Has a weakened immune system.
 Has gotten any other vaccines in the past 4 weeks.
Side effects of yellow fever vaccination: Reactions to yellow fever vaccine
are generally mild and include headaches, muscle aches, and low-grade fevers. Rarely, people
develop severe, sometimes life-threatening reactions to the yellow fever vaccine, including:
 Allergic reaction, including difficulty breathing or swallowing (anaphylaxis)
 Swelling of the brain, spinal cord, or the surrounding tissues (encephalitis or meningitis)
 Guillain-Barré syndrome, an uncommon sickness of the nervous system in which a
person’s own immune system damages the nerve cells, causing muscle weakness, and
sometimes, paralysis.
 Internal organ dysfunction or failure.