Yellow Fever is a serious viral infection that’s usually spread by a type of daytime biting mosquito known as the Aedes aegypti. It can be prevented with a vaccination. Know more: https://www.travel-doc.com/service/yellowfever/

1. Yellow Fever Vaccination
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Yellow Fever is a serious viral infection that’s usually spread
by a type of daytime biting mosquito known as the Aedes
aegypti. It can be prevented with a vaccination.
Yellow fever mainly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa (countries
to the south of the Sahara desert), South America
(especially the Amazon) and in parts of the Caribbean.
Yellow fever can be fatal. About 8% of people who get
yellow fever die from it.

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Luckily, there is a very effective vaccination for yellow
fever. Some countries require proof of vaccination (a
certificate) against yellow fever before they let you enter
the country.
Vaccination is the single most effective way of preventing
yellow fever.In the UK, Stamaril (produced by Sanofi
Pasteur MSD) is the only licensed yellow fever vaccine. A
single dose of the yellow fever vaccine will protect against
yellow fever for life. It is no longer recommended to have
a booster dose every 10 years (WHO, World Health
Organisation, July 2016).
Ideally, you should have the yellow fever vaccination at
least 10 days before your travel. This will allow enough
time for your body to develop protective antibodies
against the yellow fever infection.

4. The yellow fever vaccination is recommended for:
Anyone traveling to, or living in, areas or countries where
yellow fever is endemic
Anyone traveling to a country where an International
Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP) against
yellow fever is required for entry.
You must have a yellow fever vaccination at least 10 days
before you travel. This will allow enough time for your
body to develop protective antibodies against the yellow
fever infection.
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5. Certificate of proof of vaccination
Under regulations set out by the World Health
Organization (WHO), anyone traveling to a country or
area where the Aedes aegypti mosquito is found must
have the vaccine or have an International Certificate of
Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP). You can find a list of
all the countries that require you to have an ICVP in the
WHO International travel and health guide. You can also
search the country information on NaTHNaC to find out
whether the places you are visiting require an ICVP.
If you have been traveling in an “at-risk” area during the
past month, it is a good idea to carry your certificate with
you. This will help avoid potential problems with
immigration. It is possible for travelers without a valid
yellow fever vaccination certificate to be vaccinated and
held in isolation for up to 10 days. An ICVP is not
required for entry into the UK.
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6. If you lose your certificate, you may be able to get
another one reissued as long as you have details of the
vaccination batch number and the date you had the
vaccination.
Always consult staff at a designated vaccination centre if
you are planning to travel to an area where there is a risk
of getting yellow fever. If you tell them where you are
traveling to, they will be able to advise you about whether
you need to be vaccinated against yellow fever and
whether you need an ICVP.
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7. People who should not have the yellow fever vaccination
include:
Babies under nine months of age – babies who are six to
nine months old should only be vaccinated if the risk of
getting yellow fever during travel is unavoidable
Pregnant women – unless the risk of yellow fever is
unavoidable
Breastfeeding women – unless the risk of yellow fever is
unavoidable
People whose immune systems are lowered
(immunosuppressed) – such as people with HIV and
those receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy
People who are allergic to eggs – the vaccine contains
small amounts of egg white protein, albumin.
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Who should not be vaccinated?

8. People who have had a severe allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of the yellow fever
vaccine
People who are allergic to any of the ingredients in the
vaccine (including eggs)
People who have a condition that affects the thymus
gland (part of your immune system that is located in your
upper chest)
People who are currently very unwell (such as with a high
fever) – this is to avoid confusing the diagnosis of your
current illness with any side effects from the vaccine
Yellow fever naïve travellers – those who have not been
previously exposed to the vaccine who are 60 years of
age or over should be individually assessed by the travel
doctor or nurse.
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In cases where having a yellow fever vaccination is not
advised, your GP may be able to issue you with an
exemption letter. The letter should be written on headed
notepaper and include the practice details. It may be
accepted by some immigration authorities although this
is not guaranteed. If you are traveling from an area
where there is a risk of yellow fever without a valid
yellow fever certificate, immigration officials are legally
entitled to quarantine you for a period of at least seven
days at the point of arrival into a country.
Exemption letters

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After having the yellow fever vaccine, 10-30% of people
will have mild side effects such as: headache, muscle
pain, soreness at the injection site and mild fever
Reactions at the injection site usually occur one to five
days after being vaccinated, although other side effects
may last for up to two weeks.
An allergic reaction to the vaccine occurs in one case
out of every 130,000 doses of the vaccine that are
given. Yellow fever vaccine-associated neurological
disease (YEL-AND)
Side effects of the vaccine

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Rarely, the yellow fever vaccine is associated with a
neurological condition known as yellow fever vaccine-
associated neurological disease (YEL-AND).
Neurological means that it affects the nerves and the
nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
YEL-AND occurs in around four cases out of every 1
million doses given. However, for people who are 60
years of age or over and yellow fever vaccine naïve, the
incidence of YEL-AND increases to around one in every
50,000. This needs to be balanced against the risk of
acquiring the disease.

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As well as getting the yellow fever vaccination before
traveling, you should also take steps to avoid being bitten
by mosquitoes.
The mosquitoes that carry yellow fever bite during daylight
hours. Although it may not always be possible, you should
try to:
Preventing mosquito bites

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Avoid places where mosquitoes live, such as swamps,
forests and jungles
Choose air-conditioned accommodation. Mosquitoes do not
like air-conditioned spaces.
Choose accommodation with mesh screening over the
windows and doors.
Wear loose fitting, long-sleeved tops and trousers, even in
the heat of day.
Use insect repellent containing DEET on exposed skin, such
as Jungle Formula. 50% DEET is sufficient.
Burn a mosquito coil or use a plug-in device that releases
insecticide in your accommodation.
Use a mosquito net where possible, especially in bedrooms
that are not air-conditioned.

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