4. Nonrenewable energy resources removed from
the earthโs crust include: oil, natural gas, coal,
and uranium
www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt
5. NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear fission uses
uranium to create
energy.
Nuclear energy is a
nonrenewable
resource because
once the uranium is
used, it is gone!
7. Three Mile Island
โข March 29, 1979, a reactor near Harrisburg, PA lost
coolant water because of mechanical and human
errors and suffered a partial meltdown
โข 50,000 people evacuated & another 50,000 fled
area
โข Unknown amounts of radioactive materials
released
โข Partial cleanup & damages cost $1.2 billion
โข Released radiation increased cancer rates.
www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt
8. Chernobyl
โขApril 26, 1986, reactor explosion (Ukraine) flung
radioactive debris into atmosphere
โขHealth ministry reported 3,576 deaths
โขGreen Peace estimates32,000 deaths;
โขAbout 400,000 people were forced to leave their
homes
โข~160,000 sq km (62,00 sq mi) contaminated
โข> Half million people exposed to dangerous levels of
radioactivity
โขCost of incident > $358 billion
www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt
10. Fukushima disaster โ Japan, March 2011
Earthquake, followed by tsunami โ
subsequent loss of power to cool reactors,
plus fire at plant
before
11. COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and natural
gas are considered
nonrenewable because they
can not be replenished in a
short period of time. These
are called fossil fuels. They
are made of hydrocarbons.
โข Oil and natural gas can
provide three times as much
energy as an equal mass of
wood
13. Advantages and Disadvantages of Coal
Pros
โข Most abundant fossil fuel
โข Relatively cheap
โข Major U.S. reserves โ contributes to energy independence
โข 300 yrs. at current consumption rates
โข High net energy yield
โข Can be burned directly to produce a lot of heat in a stove, train engine
or factory
Cons
โข Dirtiest fuel (produces particulate matter, carbon dioxide and sulfur
dioxide)
โข Mining causes major environmental degradation
โข Major threat to health
ยฉ Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP
www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt
14. Natural gas
โข Natural gas is a mixture of methane and
other gases.
โข Used to produce electricity, heat homes
and water, Industry (heat for warmth and
producing things), Vehicles, cooking
โข Advantages: produces large amounts of
energy but lower levels of many air
pollutants than coal or oil, easy to
transport
โข Disadvantage: highly flammable
15. Oil/Petroleum
โข Deposits of crude oil often are
trapped within the earth's crust and
can be extracted by drilling a well
โข Used in industry to power machinery
and in transportation
19. RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are
natural resources that can
be replenished in a short
period of time.
โ Solar โ Geothermal
โ Wind โ Biomass
โ Water
21. GEOTHERMAL
Energy from Earthโs
heat.
Advantage: unlimited
source of cheap energy.
Disadvantage: There are
only a few places where
magma comes close to
Earthโs surface.
Elsewhere, very deep
wells are needed to tap
this energy and that is
expensive.
25. Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency โ the amount of useful energy
produced compared to the amount wasted as heat;
built into the device or system, unavoidable waste
Examples of levels of energy efficiency:
human body:
20-25%
incandescent lightbulb:
5%
internal combustion engine:
20-25%
steam turbine:
45%