An assessment of environmental impact of sugar mills

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The document analyzes the environmental impact of sugar mills in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Water and soil samples were collected from 5 sugar mills and tested for parameters like EC, calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonates, SAR, pH, and chlorides. Testing found that levels of many parameters exceeded permissible limits, indicating pollution from sugar mill effluents. The pollution affects nearby water sources and soils through seepage and irrigation, degrading habitat and ecological balance. The study concludes strict enforcement of environmental regulations is needed to control pollution from the sugar industry.

Business Technology

An Assessment of Environmental Impact of Sugar Mills in District Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.

Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Materials and Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sampling Sites ,[object Object],[object Object]

Sampling Duration and Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

RESULTS 1. WATER ANALYSIS PARAMETERS: EC, Calcium, Magnesium, Available Na + , Bicarbonates, Available Na + , SAR, Chloride 2. SOIL ANALYSIS PARAMETERS: EC, pH, SAR

JDW Sugar Mills: Water Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HUMZA SUGAR MILLS: Water Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

UNITED SUGAR MILLS:Water Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ETTEHAD SUGAR MILLS: Water Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Soil Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Soil Analysis: JDW Sugar Mills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Soil Analysis: JDW Sugar Mills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Soil Analysis: Humza Sugar Mills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Soil Analysis: Humza Sugar Mills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Soil Analysis: United Sugar Mills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Soil Analysis: Ettehad Sugar Mills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 3: Showing monthly variation of sodium in water at JDW Sugar Mills (Pvt.) Limited

Figure 4: Showing Monthly variation of Bi-carbonate in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

EC at 6” EC at 12” EC at 18” EC at 24” EC at 30” EC at 36” EC at 48” Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites. Depth wise Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites.

Figure 5: Showing monthly variation of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

Figure 6: Showing monthly variation of Chloride in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

Figure 7: Showing monthly variation of EC in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

Figure 8: Showing monthly variation of Ca++, Mg++ in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

Figure 9: Showing monthly variation of Chlorides in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

Figure 10: Showing Monthly variation of sodium in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

Figure 11: Showing monthly variation of SAR in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

Figure 12: Showing monthly variation of Bi-carbonates in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

Figure 13: Showing monthly variation of overall Parameters in water at United Sugar Mills.

Figure 14: Showing monthly variation of overall water Parameters at Ettehad Sugar Mills.

Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites.

DISCUSSION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CONCLUSION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

RECOMMENDATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object]

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An assessment of environmental impact of sugar mills

1. An Assessment of Environmental Impact of Sugar Mills in District Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.

3. RYK. AT A GLANCE

7. JDW Sugar Mills

10. Saim- Nullah near Humza Sugar Mills

11. Disposal pond of Ettehad Sugar Mills

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13. RESULTS 1. WATER ANALYSIS PARAMETERS: EC, Calcium, Magnesium, Available Na + , Bicarbonates, Available Na + , SAR, Chloride 2. SOIL ANALYSIS PARAMETERS: EC, pH, SAR

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51. Figure 3: Showing monthly variation of sodium in water at JDW Sugar Mills (Pvt.) Limited

52. Figure 3: Showing monthly variation of sodium in water at JDW Sugar Mills (Pvt.) Limited

53. Figure 4: Showing Monthly variation of Bi-carbonate in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

54. EC at 6” EC at 12” EC at 18” EC at 24” EC at 30” EC at 36” EC at 48” Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites. Depth wise Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites.

55. Figure 5: Showing monthly variation of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

56. Figure 6: Showing monthly variation of Chloride in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

57. Figure 7: Showing monthly variation of EC in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

58. Figure 8: Showing monthly variation of Ca++, Mg++ in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

59. Figure 9: Showing monthly variation of Chlorides in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

60. Figure 10: Showing Monthly variation of sodium in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

61. Figure 11: Showing monthly variation of SAR in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

62. Figure 12: Showing monthly variation of Bi-carbonates in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

63. Figure 13: Showing monthly variation of overall Parameters in water at United Sugar Mills.

64. Figure 14: Showing monthly variation of overall water Parameters at Ettehad Sugar Mills.

65. Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites.

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An assessment of environmental impact of sugar mills

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