3. TEACHING
ο Teaching is science as well as art. For
effective teaching, teacher has to follow
some specific principles based on certain
precise knowledge.
ο In this sense, teaching is science. In
order to teach effectively, teacher has to
adopt varied circumstances by using
different techniques.
ο teacher has to develop or cultivate his or
her own style of teaching in order to
become an efficient teacher
4. DEFINITION
ο Burton : βTeaching method is the stimulation,
guidance , direction and encouragement for
learning.β
ο Yokam and simpson : βTeaching is the means
whereby the society trains the young in specific
or selected environment to adjust themselves
to the world in which they live as quickly as
possible.β
ο -
ο Flander: βTeaching is an interaction process.
Interaction means participation of both teacher
and student and both get benefit by this. The
interaction takes place for achieving desired
objectives.β
5. OBJECTIVE OF TEACHING
ο Aims at developing love for work
ο Inculcates the desire to do work with
maximum efficiency which one is
capable of
ο Develop the capacity of clear thinking
ο Provides adequate opportunities for
participation
6. Contβ¦
β’ Expand students interest
β’ Provide opportunities to pupils to
apply practically the knowledge and
skills
β’ They should adapt to the 3Aβs age,
ability, and aptitude of the student.
β’ Eagerness of the inspectorates
β’ General support of the profession
7. CONTβ¦
ο Teamwork and a sense of security
ο Mastery of the subject matter
ο Provision for a good library and
teaching learning material
ο Role of teacher training institutes
ο Cooperation of the parents.
8. Methods of teachingβ¦
ο Inspirational method: based on high
activity on the part of the teacher e.g.
simulation and microteaching
ο Expository methods: cognitive
emphasis is high while student activity
and emphasis on experience is low
e.g. lecture method
9. Methodsβ¦.
ο Natural learning method: learning
takes place in a natural way e.g. field
trip
ο Individualized method: main
emphasis is for the each learner to
earn at his own place e.g.
programmed instruction, self study,
case method, and computer oriented
instruction.
ο Group method: e.g. project method,
10. Methodsβ¦
ο Encounter method: providing
experience through confrontation or
through encounter effective of change in
basic behavioral pattern and developing
new ways of looking at thing e.g. role
play, simulation.
ο Discovery method: these methods are
high on all dimensions like learner
activity, experience, and experimentation
by learner and cognitive understanding
e.g. problem solving technique.
11. Characteristics
ο Imparting knowledge in an efficient
manner
ο Inculcates desirable values and proper
attitude and habits of work in the
student
ο Create a genuine attachment to work
and desire to it as efficiently, honestly
and thoroughly as possible
12. Characteristics
ο The principal of verbalism and
memorization activity and project
method should be assimilated in
school practice
ο Provide opportunities for students to
learn actively and to apply practically
the knowledge that they have acquired
in the class room
13. Characteristics
ο Clear thinking and clear expression
both in speech and writing has to take
place
ο Train the learner in the technique of
the study methods of acquiring
knowledge through personal efforts
and initiatives
14. Characteristics
ο A well thought out attempt should be
made to adopt method of instruction in
order to benefit all categories of
student
ο Opportunity of the student should be
provided to work in groups and to
carry out project and activities to
develop in them the qualities
necessary for group life and for
cooperation work
15. Principles of teaching..
ο Principal of motivation: the best
teacher one who inspires the teacher.
ο The human mind is like the parachute
and it works only when it opens so
though teaching teacher should try to
unleash the talent of the student by
motivating them.
16. ο Principles of activity: Teacher should
also participate in various activities
along with student like discussion or
conducting research.
ο Teacher must provide various types of
activities such as assignment or
project to enhance creative skill of
students.
17. Teacher should arouse interest in
student
ο To make student respective teacher has
to elicit interest by adopting suitable
method like telling story, citing an
example or by asking question
ο for example when teaching moist heat
sterilization teacher can elicit interest of
student by advising them to take iidli for
breakfast while travelling not only
because iddli is the combination of
pulses and cereals but also it is
prepared in steam i.e. moist heat which
is considered as one of the best method
of sterilization.
18. ο There should be well defined
objective:. If you are planning to take
class on lecture method the following
objective will serve the purpose after
attending the class student will acquire
knowledge regarding the practice of
lecture method
19. ο Principle of individual difference:
good teaching always respect the
individuality of student by considering
each student as unique individual
teacher can pay attention to the
individual difference
20. ο Principle of creativity: by applying
creativity teacher can convert a
passive teaching learning situation
into an active one.
ο Through creativity teacher can arouse
students natural motivation to learn
and this will turn convert a usually
teacher centered classroom into more
desirable learner centered classroom.
21. ο Principle of selection: teacher
should select an appropriate content,
teaching method, media of instruction,
AV aids, textbook, and general article
for teaching a particular subject matter
in order to make teaching more
meaningful and comprehensible to
students.
22. ο Principle of division: particular teaching
activity should have definite division based
on valid reason. Teacher should be aware
about the division and present content to
the student in well organized step.
ο Teacher has to divide the content into clear-
cut divisions like definition, classification,
etiology, pathology, clinical features,
investigation, line of management,
complication and prognosis and nursing
management and teach each division
thoroughly before proceeding to the next by
giving adequate weightage to the nursing
management.
23. ο Principle of revision and practice:
during a teaching session teacher has
to revise in the middle and in the end.
Revising of summarizing the content
in the end of a teaching session is
called as recapitulation.
ο In addition to recapitulation the
teacher has to motivate the student to
practice the learned lesion periodically
to enhance easy recollection.
24. ο Principle of correlation: the function
of teaching is to share knowledge
development of understanding and
skills.
ο While teaching teacher has to take
care of that transferred knowledge will
not remain segregated and as far as
correlate with previous or related
knowledge.
25. ο Principle of connecting with life:
relationship between the life and
education is proved undoubtfully
teaching as an integral part of
education so all the teaching activities
are connected with life.
ο For instance the maximum attention
span of human being at a stretch is 40
to 45 minutes and based on this fact
usually a teaching session is planned
for 45 minutes.
26. Qualities of good teaching..
ο Good teaching recognizes individual
difference
ο Good teaching is cause to learn
ο Good teaching provide opportunities
for activity
ο Good teaching involves in guiding and
learning
ο Good teaching is kindly and
sympathetic
27. ο Good teaching reduces distance
between teacher and learner
ο Good teaching is flexible
ο Good teaching incorporate
cooperativeness and suggestiveness
ο Good teaching is democratic
ο Good teaching provide desirable and
selective information
ο Good teaching helps the client to
adjust himself in the environment
28. ο Good teaching is progressive
ο Good teaching always consider the
level of the student
ο Good teaching leads to emotional
stability
ο Good teaching is stimulating
ο Good teaching should be on the basis
of previous knowledge of the student
ο Good teaching is carefully planned in
advance
29. Maxims of teaching
ο Known to Unknown: The teacher has to
correlate the learning of the student with their
experience and the pervious knowledge.
Teacher has to start with something which is
known to the student and then proceed to
unknown.
ο For example: A class in geriatric nursing
could be more convincing, if the teacher start
the class by inviting the student opinion
regarding the particularities or need of the
old age people from their own experience
and then proceeding to further detail which
are unknown to them.
30. ο Simple to Complex: It is always
better to teach the most simple lesson
first and then the complex one.
ο While conducting class on pediatric
nursing the teacher has to teach the
simple topics like pediatric nursing and
adult nursing before complex
procedure and disease condition.
31. ο Concrete to Abstract: Concrete things
are solid things and they can be touched
with five senses. But abstract things can
only be imagined.
ο On the other hand, if we teach the
students with the help of concrete
objects, they will never forget the subject
matter.
ο For example: while teaching the central
nervous system teacher should first
teach the brain with the help of the
specimen or model (concrete aspect)
and then each about the function of the
brain.
32. ο Analysis of synthesis: Analysis means
breaking a problem into its convenient
parts while synthesis means grouping of
these separated parts into one complete
whole. A complex problem can be made
simple and easy by dividing into different
parts.
ο For example: cardiac arrest can be
taught to student by splitting the
components like definition, etiology,
pathology, clinical features, medical or
surgical management, nursing
management, rehabilitation. So student
can easily synthesis these aspects while
caring the patient of cardiac arrest in
clinical setting.
33. ο Particular to General: While
teaching, the teacher should first of all
take particular statements and then on
the basis of those particular cases,
generalization should be made.
ο For instance the role of protein in body
building and repair has to specify
before generalizing the consequences
of under nutrition.
34. ο Empirical to Rational: Empirical
knowledge is gained through
observation and experience. Rational
knowledge is build upon the scientific
basis is more dignified than the
empirical knowledge.
ο For example: while teaching the
nursing management of hyperpyrexia
to first year Bsc students teacher has
to convert empirical knowledge to a
rational one by explaining the scientific
principle of placing the wet cloth on
forehead for reducing the temperature.
35. ο Induction to Deduction: Induction
means drawing a conclusion from a
set of examples whereas deduction is
its opposite. The teacher should
proceed from induction to deduction.
ο Psychological to Logical: While
teaching, the teacher should first keep
in mind the interest, aptitudes,
capacities, development level etc. of
the children during selection of subject
matter and then on to its logical
arrangement.
36. ο Actual to Representative: For
teaching excellently, actual objects
should be, shown to the children as far
as possible. It gives them concrete
learning which is more desirable.
ο Representative things in the form of
pictures, models; etc. should be used
for the grownups or the seniors who
are already familiar with the actual
objects.
37. ο Near to Afar: Every child is able to
learn well in the surroundings to which
he belongs.
ο So the child should be acquainted fully
with his immediate environment.
Gradually he may be taught about
those things which are far from his
immediate environment.
ο This principle, if kept in view, will
smoothen the leaching-learning
process considerably.
38. ο Whole to Part:
ο Whole is meaningful to student.
ο The whole approach help the student to
understand the relationship between the
different part and resulting correlation
makes learning easier and meaningful.
ο For example: for teaching osteology,
anatomy teacher has to give a brief
description of skeletal system by
mentioning its function, total number of
bone etc before dealing with the different
individual bone or parts of the skeletal
system like clavical, humerous etc this
will help the student to learn individual
bone in relation to the whole skeletal
system in more meaningful way.
39. ο Definite to Indefinite: In teaching,
definite things should be taught first
because the learner can easily have faith
in them. Then afterwards he should give
the knowledge of indefinite things.
ο First year nursing student posses only
some indefinite and vague ideas about
nursing and a talented teacher
transforms these ideas to a definite one
by providing details of nursing such as
definition of nursing, history of nursing,
qualities of good nurse, etc.
40. Qualities of a good teacher..
1. Friendliness and Congeniality
ο The most important characteristic of a
good teacher can have is to be
friendly and congenial with his
students. It is a plus if his students can
share their problems with him, without
being afraid or hesitant.
41. 2. A Good Personality
ο A good teacher has a very good
personality
ο Students always get attracted to
teachers with good personality which
leads to better communication,
understanding, and ultimately good
results.
ο Everyone can have a good, decent,
likable, and presentable personality. Just
dress sensibly well, smell good, and be a
little gentle and kind.
42. 3.Deep Knowledge and a Great
Education
ο Another important characteristic of a
good teacher is his knowledge and own
education. There is a saying that 'a
teacher is only as good as his
knowledge is.' After all, he is doing a
teacher's job, which is to teach.
ο If he himself lacks in the knowledge of a
certain subject that he teaches, he is
never going to make a name for himself.
43. 4. A Good Communicator
ο One of the very important characteristics of a
good teacher is his communication skills. He
should be a very good speaker. This
characteristic will provide benefits in several
ways.
For example:
ο If his communication skills are good, he can
convey his lectures with better skill and
results.
ο If he is a good speaker, his class strength
increases automatically. People love to hear
a person who he can speak well enough
44. 5. A Good Listener
ο Apart from being a good communicator,
a good teacher should also have the
characteristic of being an even better
listener.
ο "If speaking is silver; then listening is
gold."
ο A good listener will always have many
friends and fans.
ο And when a good teacher develops this
patience quality in him, he starts to
become a great teacher.
45. 6. A Good Sense of Humor:
ο So, a good teacher is the one who can
keep up with his sense of humor, and
with his strong communication skills
and personality, can also maintain the
discipline of the class.
46. 7.Kindness
ο The last but obviously one of the most
important characteristics to have in his
box of qualities: he should be a gentle,
kind, chivalrous, and benevolent
person. Students should love him, and
when they do love him, they idolize
him.
47. SUMMARY:
Till now we have discussed about the
ο Definition of teaching.
ο Objective of method of teaching.
ο Classification of method of teaching.
ο Characteristics of method of teaching.
ο Principle of teaching.
ο Qualities of good teaching.
ο Maxims of teaching in education.
ο Qualities of a good teacher
48. Conclusion
ο Teaching is an interaction process.
Interaction means participation of both
teacher and student and both are benefit
by this.
ο The interaction takes place for achieving
desired objective.
ο Teaching is an intimate contact between
teacher and student. In this process of
education, teacher helps in developing in
the studentβs personality by this intimate
contact.
49. BIBLIOGRAPHY
ο B Shankarnarayan, B Sindhu.
Learning and Teaching Nursing. 4th
ed. New Delhi: Jaypee
publication;2012. p. 94-109.
ο Shebeer P. Basheer. Textbook of
nursing education. 1st ed. New Delhi:
EMMESS medical publisher; 2015. p.
367-70
