psc

1. PsfO M !
lzIffsf] kl/ro / g]kfnsf] z}lIfs ljsf;

2. !=! lzIffsf] :j¿k, p2]Zox¿ / sfo{x¿
!=@ lzIffsf] cfw'lgs k|j[lQ -dfWolds txsf nflu dfq_
!=# g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs z}lIfs Oltxf;
cfwf/e"tsf nflu
!=# z}lIfs ;+u7g / ;+/rgf
k|Zg M cfwf/e"t txsf nflu @ / dfWolds !s

3. !=!= lzIffsf] cy{, kl/efiff,
:j?k, p2]Zo / sfo{x?

4. lzIffsf] cy{
!= lzIffsf] zflAbs cy{
• Education sf] zflAbs cy{ E+duco af6 cfPsf] xf], h;sf]
cy{ leqaf6 aflx/ Nofpg' xf] .
• g]kfnL efiffdf lzIff eGg] zAb ;+:s[t efiffsf] lzIf wft' (Verb)
af6 c–k|Too nfu]/ ag]sf] ;+:s[t zAb xf], h;sf] cy{ l;sfpg'
cyf{t JolQmdf 1fg, u'0f / ;Lksf] ljsf; u/fpg' xf] .

5. lzIffsf] cy{
!= lzIffsf] zflAbs cy{
• c+u|]hL efiffsf] 'Education' zAb Nofl6g (Latin) efiffsf tLg zAbx¿–
Educatum, Educere / Educare af6 ag]sf] xf] h;sf] cy{ lgDgfg';f/
5g M
(i) Educatum : Edu+Catum, Edu sf] cy{ cfGtl/s (Internal) /
Catum sf] cy{ aflx/ lgsfNg' (Lead out) x'G5 . cyf{t JolQmdf
cGtlg{lxt zlQmnfO{ lzIf0f sfo{ (Teaching/Training) åf/f aflx/ u/fpg]
sfo{ g} lzIff xf] .
(ii) Educere : E+ducere, E sf] cy{ Out of / ducere sf] cy{
Lead out -cu'jfO ug'{ jf aflx/ lgsfNg'_ x'G5 . cyf{t Educere sf] cy{
JolQmsf] leqL zlQmsf] ljsf; u/L ;Ifd agfpg' g} lzIff xf] .
(iii) Educare : E+ducare, E sf] cy{ Out -aflx/ lgsfNg'_ / ducare
sf] cy{ To bring up or to raise -dfly p7fpg'_ o;sf] cy{ klg
afnsnfO{ lzIff lbO{ p;df cGtlg{lxt zlQmsf] ljsf; u/fpg' g} lzIff xf] .

6. lzIffsf] cy{
@= ;+s'lrt cy{
• ljBfnosf] 3]/fleq lbOg] k|df0fkqd'vL lzIff .
• pQL0f{ / cg'QL0f{sf] k|df0fkq ljt/0f u/L JolQmx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs hLjgofkg
ug{ /f]huf/L lbnfpg] dfWod .
• l6=/]dG6sf cg';f/ æk':tsLo 1fgÆ
• lstfa k9g ;Sg] dflg;nfO{ lzlIft JolQm a'emg', ljBfno Joj:yfkgåf/f
lgwf{l/t ;do kf7oqmd / k4ltaf6 lzIf0f ul/g] k|lqmof g} lzIff xf] .
• lzIffsf] ;+s'lrt cy{leq cf}krfl/s lzIffnfO{ /fVg ;lsG5 .
• lzIffsf] ;+s'lrt cy{df k|fWofks 8«]e/Lsf] egfO 5– …lzIff eg]sf] o:tf]
k|lqmof xf] h;df afnaflnsfx¿sf] 1fg, rl/q / Jojxf/ lgwf{/0f / lglb{i6
ul/G5 .Ú
• lzIffnfO{ ljBfnodf k|bfg ul/g] 1fg, ;Lk jf k9fO;Fu ;DalGwt u/fP/
;Lldt cy{ nufof}+ eg] o;nfO{ lzIffsf] ;+s'lrt cy{ elgG5 .

7. lzIffsf] cy{
#= Jofks cy{
• JolQmn] cfkmgf cg'ejaf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ hLjg pkof]uL 1fg .
• o; k|lqmofdf lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / kf7oqmdsf] cGt/lqmofåf/f dfgj Jojxf/df kl/jt{g
x'G5 .
• k|To]s dflg;n] hGdb]lv d[To';Ddsf] hLjg ofqfdf h]–h] af6 l;Sb5, h] h;/L cg'ej
u5{, To;nfO{ g} lzIffsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
• hLjgko{Gt rln/xg] k|lqmof
• hf]g l8j]n] lzIffnfO{ hLjg / hLjgnfO{ lzIffsf ¿kdf x]/]sf] kfOG5 . pgsf cg';f/
lzIff hLjg xf], hLjg eg]sf] j[l4 xf], To;}n] lzIff eg]sf] j[l4 xf] .
• Dumvile sf] egfO 5– …Jofks cy{df lzIffcGtu{t tL ;a} s'/fx¿ k5{g h;n]
JolQmnfO{ hGdb]lv d[To'ko{Gt k|efj kfb{5g .Ú
• o;/L dflg;n] cfkmgf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjgsfndf 3/kl/jf/, ljBfnoleq jf aflx/ h], h;/L,
hlxn], h;af6 1fg, u'0f / ;Lk cfh{g u/L k"0f{tf k|fKt ub{5 h;af6 pm cfkmgf] efjL
k|lt:kwf{Tds ;fdflhs hLjg lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] x'G5, ToxL g} lzIffsf] Jofks cy{ xf] .
• Comenius eGg'x'G5– Pp6f l;+uf] dflg;sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljsf; g} lzIff xf] .

8. lzIffsf] cy{
$= jf:tljs cy{
• hLjg pkof]uL b[li6af6 cYof{pg'
• JolQmsf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf; u/fpg ;xof]u ug'{
• h'g lzIffn] JolQmdf cfTdfg'e"lt, cfTdlge{/tf, :jfledfgh:tf
u'0fx¿ eb{5, ToxL jf:tljs lzIff xf] .
• JolQmdf kl/k"0f{tf Nofpg'
• lzIff k|fKt ug'{ eg]sf] JolQmdf ;Dk"0f{tf jf kl/k"0f{tf k|fKt ug'{
xf] . cyf{t ;jf{ªuL0f ljsf; u/fpg . To; k|sf/sf] lzIffnfO{
jf:tljs lzIff elgG5 .

9. lzIffsf] cy{
%= ljZn]if0ffTds cy{
• lzIffsf] cy{ ljBfnodf lzIffdf dfq ;Lldt 5}g,
• afnssf] cGtlg{lxt zlQmsf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf; ug]{ k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf
lzIff -afns]lGb|t ¿kdf eGg] cy{df d'Vo k|jt{s ?;f]_
• lzIff Ps lqd'vL k|lqmof -lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / kf7oqmd_
• lzIff Ps ultzLn k|lqmof
• lzIff ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] k|lqmof
• lzIff dfgjLo Jojxf/sf] kl/dfh{gsf ¿kdf

10. lzIffsf] kl/efiff
lzIffljb kl/efiff
Vivekanand dflg;df ePsf ;Dk"0f{tfx¿sf] klxrfg
Comenius dflg;sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljsf;
Rousseau afgLx¿sf] lgdf{0f
Vier Kant ;Dk"0f{tfx¿sf] ljsf;
John
Dewey
jftfj/0fnfO{ lgoGq0f u/L cfkmgf ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfx¿sf]
ljsf;
Socrates ;fj{ef}d a}wtfsf] ljrf/nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg'
Mackenzi hLjge/ /xg] k|lqmof h'g hLjgsf k|To]s cg'ejaf6 a[l4 x'Fb} hfG5
Gandhi z/L/, dg / cfTdfdf /x]sf c;n s'/fx¿nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf aflx/ lgsfNg'
Butler cfWoflTds :j¿kdf JolQmx¿sf] qmlds ;dfof]hg
Dumvile hGdb]lv gd/];Dd JolQmnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ ;Dk"0f{ s'/f
Pestalozzi cfGtl/s zlQmx¿sf] :jfefljs, qmlds / k|ultzLn ljsf;
Frobel cfGtl/s u'0fnfO{ aflx/ k|sfzdf Nofpg'

11. lzIffsf] :j?k
• lzIffsf] :j?k M Pp6f ?kaf6 x]bf{ ;fwf/0f / ljlzi6, k|ToIf /
ck|ToIf, JolQmut / ;fd"lxs
• csf]{ ¿kaf6 x]bf{ lzIffsf # :j¿kx¿ cf}krfl/s lzIff, cgf}krfl/s
lzIff / clgoldt lzIff x'g .
• ;fwf/0f :j¿k M ;a}sf nflu cfwf/e"t lzIff lzIff -df}lns xssf]
¿kdf_, ljlzi6 :j¿k M bIf hgzlQmsf] ljsf;
• k|ToIf lzIff M cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s lzIff, ck|ToIf lzIff M cl/lts
jf clgoldt lzIff,
• JolQmut lzIff M :jMultdf cfwfl/t x'g], ;fd'lxs lzIff M k|ltikwf{,
;xof]u, cGt/lqmof h:tf u'0fx¿nfO{ k|of]u ul/g] .
• lzIffsf # :j¿kdWo] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] cl/lts lzIff / ;a}eGbf gofF
cf}krfl/s lzIff xf] .

12. lzIffsf] :j?k
-!_lzIff hGdhft k|lqmof xf] M lzIff lg/Gt/ tyf hLjgko{Gt k|lqmof .
-@_ lzIff lqd'vL k|lqmof xf]
-s_ Psd'vL k|lqmof M o; l;4fGtdf lzIff afnss]lGb|t cyjf
lzIfss]lGb|t dflgG5 . lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{ b'O{ kIfdWo] Ps lgliqmo
x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu cfbz{jfbL lzIff lzIfsd'vL xf] eg] k|s[ltjfbL
lzIff ljBfyL{d'vL xf] .
-v_ b'O{d'vL l;4fGtsf k|ltkfbs h]=O{= P8D; . pgsf cg';f/
lzIffdf lzIfs / ljBfyL{ b'j}sf] ;dfg ;xeflutf x'g' cfjZos x'G5 .

13. lzIffsf] :j?k
-u_ lqd'vL jf lqw|'jLo (Tri-polar) k|lqmof M
• lzIffljb hf]g l8j]n] lzIffnfO{ lqd'vL jf lqw|'jLo k|lqmofsf ¿kdf :jLsf/
u/] .
• hf]g l8j]sf ;dfh, lzIfs / ljBfyL{ lzIff k|0ffnLsf tLg dxTjk"0f{ kIf jf
tTjx¿ x'g / ltgLx¿sf] cGt/lqmofaf6 dfq lzIffsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5
.
• hf]g l8j];Fu ldNg] u/L P8D;gn] cfkmgf] wf/0ff NofP . P8D;gsf cg';f/
lzIff tLg cfoflds k|lqmof (Education is tri-polar process) xf] .
• pgsf cg';f/ JolQmn] ;DaGw /fVg'kg]{ ;+;f/ tLgj6f 5g . tL x'g–
k|s[lt, ;dfh / g}ltstf .
• oL s'/fx¿ k|fKt ug{ -!_ lzIfs -@_ ljBfyL{ / -#_ kf7oqmdsf] aLrdf
cGt/lqmofsf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'“bf lzIffnfO{ lqd'vL k|lqmof dflgG5 .

14. lzIffsf] :j?k
-#_ afnssf] cGtlg{lxt zlQmsf] ;jf{ªuL0f ljsf; ug]{ ¿kdf
lzIff M ?;f]
• cfbz{jfbL bz{g -k|frLgsfn_ df lzIffnfO{ 1fgs]lGb|t dflgGYof] .
• k|s[ltjfbL bz{g -dWosfn_ df lzIffnfO{ afns]lGb|t dflgof] .
• k|s[ltjfbL ¿;f]sf cg';f/ afnssf] cGt/lglxt u'0fx¿sf] ;dfg
/ ;Gt'lnt ¿kdf ljsf; u/fpg' lzIffsf] p2]Zo xf] .
• Pl8;gsf cg';f/ lzIff To:tf] k|lqmof xf] h;åf/f dflg;n]
cfkmgf] cGtlg{lxt u'0fx¿sf] ljsf; u5{ .

15. lzIffsf] :j?k
-$_ lzIffsf] cy{ ljBfno lzIffdf dfq ;Lldt 5}g M.
-%_ lzIff ;fdflhs hLjgsf] Ps k|lqmof xf]
-^_ lzIff Ps ultzLn k|lqmof xf]
-&_ lzIff hLjgsf] tof/Lsf] Pp6f k|lqmof xf] M xa{6 :k]G;/sf] egfO
5– …k"0f{ hLjgsf] tof/L g} lzIff xf] .Ú To:t} Kant n] klg eg]sf
5g– …eljiosf] tof/L g} lzIff xf] .Ú
-*_ lzIff dfgjLo Jojxf/sf] kl/jt{gsf ¿kdf M l6=lk=ggsf
cg';f/ lzIff j}olQmttfsf] k"0f{ ljsf;
-(_lzIff p2]Zod"ns / Jojl:yt x'G5

16. lzIffsf] k|sf/
• cf}krfl/s
• cgf}krfl/s
• clgoldt jf cl/lts lzIff

17. lzIffsf] k|sf/
-!_ cf}krfl/s lzIff
• ljBfno jf ljZjljBfno txdf lbOg] lzIff
• k"0f{ ¿kdf ;+/lrt lzIff . cyf{t lglZrt kf7oqmd, lgod, ;+/rgf,
;do, d"Nof+sg k4lt, l;Sg] l;sfpg] JolQm cflb ;a} ;+/lrt x'g],
• cnlrnf] Pjd s7f]/ k|s[ltsf] . l;sf?sf] ?lreGbf nfbg] k|s[ltsf] .
• k|df0fkqd'vL lzIff tyf vlr{nf] lzIff
• ljBfyL{]n] cWoog u/]sf s'/fx¿ Jojxf/df Nofpg gkfpFb} kl5 k/]sf] -
Back Dated) / cJojxfl/s x'g hfg] .
• tn k|fylds sIffb]lv dflyNnf] ljZjljBfnosf] sIff;Dd qmlds
¿kdf sIffut ;+/rgf ul/Psf] lgs} nfdf] ;do;Dd cWoog ul/g]
lzIff k4ltsf] ;+u7gnfO{ cf}krfl/s lzIff elgG5 . — s'Da;

18. lzIffsf] k|sf/
-@_ cgf}krfl/s lzIff
• ljBfno / ljZjljBfno aflx/sf] ;+ul7t z}lIfs lqmofsnfk cgf}krfl/s lzIff xf] .
• Ps¿k lglZrt geO{ nlrnf], :yfgLo kl/j]zcg's"n / ljljwtfk"0f{ l;sfO k|lqmof
Pjd ;d;fdlos lzIff .
• cf}krfl/s lzIffh:t} cgf}krfl/s lzIff klg p2]Zok"0f{ / ;lqmo ¿kdf ;+ul7t /
Jojl:yt x'G5 . o;n] ljz]if k|sf/sf l;sf?x¿sf] k"j{1fg / cg'ejsf] k|of]u ub}{
tfTsflng cfjZostfx¿df hf]8 lbG5 .
• cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] kl/k"/s, j}slNks, cltl/Qm, ;dsIfL / hLjgko{Gt rln/xg]
lzIff .
• lzIffsf rf/ vDafsf lglDt cgf}krfl/s lzIff dxTjk"0f{ x'G5, To;df klg
Learning to do sf lglDt o;sf] dxTj cem clws dflgG5 .
• æk|df0fkq /f]uaf6 d'Qm ;xL lzIff g} cgf}krfl/s jf hLjgko{Gt lzIff xf] .Æ—
/f]gfN8 8f]/
• æcf}krfl/s lzIffsf] 7Ls pN6f] cgf}krfl/s lzIff xf] .Æ— Olnr / k|]m/]

19. lzIffsf] k|sf/
-@_ cgf}krfl/s lzIff
• æs'g} k"j{ lgwf{l/t kf7oqmddfkm{t s]xL klg ghfGg] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ c?sf af;L
k'/f0f 3f]sfpg] k|j[lQ cf}krfl/s lzIff xf] eg] To;sf] 7Ls ljkl/t
l;sf?x¿sf] ;'if'Kt k|ltefsf] sb/ u/L pgLx¿s} OR5f / cfjZostfcg'¿k
cfk;df l;Sg] / l;sfpg] k|lqmof cgf}krfl/s lzIff xf] . — kfpnf] k|]m/]
• REFLECT sf k|ltkfbs kfpnf] k|m]/] x'g . o;sf] k"/f ¿k Regenerating
Frererian Literacy Through Empowering Community
Techniques xf] .
• 3Rs= Reading, Writing, Arithmetic
• 7Rs= Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Rights, Responsibility,
Relationship, Recreation
• k|f}9 lzIf0f ljlwnfO{ Andralogy elgG5 . h;sf] ;'?jft lzIffzf:qL
dfNsd gf]N;n] u/]sf x'g .

20. lzIffsf] k|sf/
-#_ clgoldt lzIff
• hLjgko{Gt, lg/Gt/ Pjd cfsl:ds lzIff jf l;sfO
• cg'ej, ;Dks{ tyf jftfj/0fsf] k|efj cflbsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k
cfh{g ul/g] 1fg, ;Lk tyf clej[lQx¿
• cfhsf] ljZjdf lzIffnfO{ lgoldt aGwgsf] ;Ldfleq afFw]/ /flvg'
x'b}g eGg] lrGtg .
• æclgoldt lzIff hLjgko{Gt k|lqmof xf] h;4f/f k|To]s JolQm
qmlds ¿kn] ;dosf] cGt/fndf 1fg ;Lkx¿, k|s[ltx¿ /
cGtb[{li6x¿ jftfj/0f;Fusf] b}lgs cg'ejx¿ tyf jftf{nfkaf6
k|fKt ub{5 .Æ
— s'Da;

21. lzIffsf] k|sf/
If]q cf}krfl/s lzIff cgf}krfl/s lzIff clgoldt lzIff
p2]Zo lglZrt / of]hgfa4 lglZrt t/ cf}krfl/s h:tf]
aGwg gePsf]
:jtM cfpg]
kf7oqmd k"0f{ kl/eflift /
Jojl:yt
Jojl:yt geO{ r]tgfo'Qm /
hfgLhfgL lbOg]
gx'g], cr]tg /
cfsl:ds lzIff
cg'zf;g s8f cg'zf;g :jtGq lzIff k"0f{ :jtGq lzIff
s]lGb|t 1fg s]lGb|t ;Lk s]lGb|t cj;/ s]lGb|t
;dojlw nfdf] 5f]6f] clglZrt
lzIf0f
k|lqmof
k"j{ lgwf{l/t nlIft ;d"xsf] cfjZostf
s]lGb|t
l;sf?sf] cGt/;DaGwdf
e/ kg]{
k|df0fkq k|df0fkq ljt/0fdf
s]lGb|t
k|df0fkqeGbf hLjg / sfd;Fu
;DalGwt
k|df0fkq gx'g],
:jMl;sfO
kmfObf /f]huf/d'vL JolQmut ljsf; 1fgd'vL
cGt/lqmof lzIfsn] nfbg] ;fem]bf/L / ;xeflutfd"ns cGt/lqmofTds
l;4fGt kf; km]nsf] l;4fGt ;j{JofkL ;kmntfsf] l;4fGt k|fs[lts l;4fGtdf

22. lzIffsf p2]Zo
lzIffsf p2]Zosf tx
• lzIffsf p2]ZonfO{ JolQmut p2]Zo / ;fdflhs p2]Zo u/L
juL{s/0f ul/G5 .

23. lzIffsf p2]Zo
-s_ lzIffsf] JolQmut jf j}olQms p2]Zo
• lzIffsf] JolQmut p2]Zo eg]sf] JolQmdf ePsf] cfGtl/s Ifdtfx¿nfO{
k"0f{¿kn] ljsl;t u/fO{ JolQmTj ljsf; ug'{ xf] .
• …lzIff c¿ s]xL xf]Og, JolQmsf] cfr/0f, rl/q / afgLx¿sf] lgdf{0f /
ljsf;dfq xf] .Ú – Rousseaue
• …lzIff eg]sf] dflg;sf] cfGtl/s zlQmx¿sf] :jfefljs, ;jf{ªuL0f /
k|ultzLn ljsf; xf] .Ú Pestalozi
• …z/L/ / cfTdfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tf k|bfg ug'{ g} lzIff xf] .Ú – Plato
• …dflg;df ePsf ;Dk"0f{tfx¿ h;sf nflu pm ;Ifd 5, ljsf; u/fpg'
g} lzIff xf] .Ú – Kant
• …lzIff JolQmsf] k"0f{ JolQmTjsf] ljsf; xf] h;åf/f p;n] cfkmgf] k"0f{
of]Uotfsf cfwf/df dfgj hLjgsf nflu df}lns of]ubfg ug{ ;sf]; .Ú
- T.P. Nunn

24. lzIffsf p2]Zo
-s_ lzIffsf] JolQmut jf j}olQms p2]Zo
-!_ cGtlg{lxt zlQm ljsf;sf] nIo M sGkmo'l;o; eGg'x'G5– …cfkm"nfO{ hfg .Ú
-@_ cfTdcg'e"ltsf] nIo
-#_ cfTdcleJolQmsf] nIo
-$_ k"0f{ hLjgofkgsf] nIo
-%_ Jofj;flos Ifdtf ljsf;sf] nIo
-^_ km';{bsf] ;dosf] ;b'kof]usf] nIo
-&_ g]t[Tj ljsf;sf] nIo
-*_ 1fg k|flKt jf JolQmut ljsf;sf] nIo
-(_ ;dfof]hg jf cfTd;+/If0fsf] nIo

25. lzIffsf p2]Zo
lzIffsf] JolQmut jf j}olQms p2]Zo
• cfbz{jfb M cfTdfg'e"ltsf] ljsf;, cfTdfleJolQmsf ljsf;,
cGt/lglxt Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
• k|s[ltjfb M cfTd ;+/If0fsf] nIo, k'm;{bsf] ;dosf] ;b'kof]u, k"0f{
hLjgsf] tof/L
• oyfy{jfb M ;'vdo hLjg, Joj;flos Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
• k|of]hgjfb M ;fdflhs s'zntfsf] ljsf;, ;dfh;Fu ;fd~h:o

26. lzIffsf p2]Zo
-v_ ;fdflhs p2]Zo
• rl/q ljsf;
• ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f
• ;+:s[ltsf] x:tfGt/0f
• hgzlQmsf] ljsf;
• JolQmsf] ;fdflhsLs/0f
• gofF 1fgsf] lgdf{0f
• ;fdflhs cfjZostf cg'¿k JolQmTjsf] ljsf;

27. lzIffsf sfo{x?
• ælzIffsf] sfo{ Pp6f c;xfo k|f0fLsf] ljsf;df ;xfotf ug'{ xf] h;af6 pm
;'vL, g}ltsjfg / bIf dfgj k|f0fL aGg ;sf]; .Æ— hf]g l8a]
• ælzIffn] afnsnfO{ cfTdlrGtg zlQm a9fpg'k5{ .— Pd=Pn=HofS;
;dfhzf:qsf lktf hh{ Kofg]sf cg';f/ lzIffsf] sfo{x¿ M
-s_k/Dk/fsf] cfTd;fTs/0f
-v_gofF ;fdflhs 9fFrfsf] ljsf;
-u_l;h{gfTds / /rgfTds sfo{
;dfhzf:qL a'afs/sf cg';f/ lzIffsf] sfo{x¿ M
-s_lzIffsf] k/Dk/fut sfo{
-v_lzIffsf] t6:y sfo{
-u_lzIffsf] k|ultzLn sfo{
-3_lzIffsf] qmflGtsf/L sfo{

28. lzIffsf sfo{x?
;dfhzf:qL d'G/f]sf cg';f/ lzIffsf] sfo{x¿ M
-s_ 1fgsf] k|;f/
-v_ ;fdflhs lgoGq0f
-u_ ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f
-3_ ;fdflhs k|ult

29. lzIffsf sfo{x?
-s_ JolQmut sfo{
• JolQmTj ljsf;
• cfGtl/s zlQmsf] ljsf;
• hLjgsf] nflu tof/L
• Jofj;flos lgk"0f{tfsf] ljsf;
• cfjZostfsf] k"lt{
• cfTdlge{/tf k|flKt
• cg'ejx¿sf] k'g{;+u7g / k'gl{g{df{0f
• g}ltstfsf] ljsf;

30. lzIffsf sfo{x?
-v_ ;fdflhs sfo{
h'g a|'a]s/sf cg';f/ ;dfhdf lzIffsf rf/ j}slNks sfo{ x'G5g
• ;+/If0ffTds sfo{
• k|ultzLn sfo{
• t6:y sfo{
• qmflGtsf/L sfo{

31. lzIffsf sfo{x?
-u_ /fli6«o sfo{
• hgzlQmsf] ljsf;
• gful/s u'0fsf] ljsf;
• /fli6«o ljsf;
• /fli6«o Pstf
• g]t[Tj ljsf;
• /fi6«k|]dsf] efjgf
• jftfj/0f, ;+:s[lt Pjd ;Eotfsf] ;'/Iff

32. lzIffsf sfo{x?
--3_ cGt/f{li6«o jf ljZjJofkL sfo{
• ljZjaGw'Tjsf] efjgf
• ljZj gful/ssf] ljsf;
• ;+:s[ltsf] cfbfg k|bfg
• ;xcl:tTj / efO{rf/fsf] efjgfsf] ljsf;
• hgzlQmsf] ljsf; / cfbfg k|bfg
• k|ljlwsf] cfbfg k|bfg
• /fi6«x¿sf] ;dfg'kflts ljsf;df ;xof]u
• ;Dkbfx¿sf] lx:;]bf/L
• cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwsf] ljsf;
• cGt/f{li6«o ;dembf/Lsf] ljsf;
• ljZj zflGt / ;'/Iffdf of]ubfg

33. lzIffsf sfo{x?
-ª_ ;f:s[lts sfo{
• ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fut d"No dfGotfsf] ;+/If0f
• ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/sf] ;Da4{g
• /fli6«o ;+:s[lt, ;flxTo Pjd snfsf] ;+/If0f ;Da4{g
• ;f+:s[lts 1fg / ;Lksf] k|;f/
• ;+:s[ltsf] :yfgfGt/0f

34. lzIffsf sfo{x?
-r_ cfly{s sfo{
• cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"lt{
• dfgj ;|f]tsf] ljsf;
• 1fg, ;Lk / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
• k|fs[lts ;+;fwg / ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng
-5_ gful/s sfo{
• c;n gful/ssf] ljsf;
• gful/s bfloTjsf] af]w
• /fhg}lts ;fdflhsLs/0f
• /fhg}lts ;xeflutf
• /fi6« / k|hftGqk|lt ;sf/fTds efjgf
• sfg'g, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dembf/Lsf] 1fg

35. gd"gf k|Zg
!= ;xof]u lzIffsf] s'g :j?k cGtu{t kb{5 <
s_ JolQmut :j?k v_ ;fd'lxs :j?k
u_ clgoldt :j?k 3_ ck|ToIf :j?k
@_ lzIffnfO{ k"0f{ hLjgsf] tof/L egL ==========n] kl/eflift u/]sf x'g .
s_ hf]g l8j] v_ 6fon/
u_xj{6 :k]G;/ 3_ l6=kL= gg
#= Educatum sf] cy{ s'g xf] <
s_ JolQmut ljsf;
v_ JolQmnfO{ ;a}If]qdf cu'jfO ug{ ;Sg] agfpg'
u_ JolQmsf] leqL zlQmsf] ljsf;
3_ cGtlg{lxt zlQmnfO{ lzIf0f sfo{åf/f aflx/ u/fpg] sfo{

36. gd"gf k|Zg
$= cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] ljz]iftf s'g xf] <
s_ nlIft ;d'xsf] cfjZostf s]lGb|t
v_ :jt cfpg]
u_ cj;/ s]lGb|t
3_ clglZrt k|s[ltsf]
%_ cf}krfl/s lzIff;Fu s'g s'/f d]n vfFb}g <
s_ k|df0fkqd'vL v_ 1fg s]lGb|t
u_:jtGq lzIff 3_ kf; km]nsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t

37. gd"gf k|Zg
^= lzIffsf] ;fdflhs nIo b]xfosf dWo] s'g xf] <
s_ g]t[Tj ljsf;
v_ cfTdcleJolQm
u_ k"0f{ hLjgofkg
3_ gof 1fgsf] lgdf{0f
&_ lzIffsf] JolQmut sfo{ s'g xf]
s_ g]t[Tj ljsf;
v_ cfjZostfsf] k"lt{
u_gful/s u'0fsf] ljsf;
3_ ;+:s[ltsf] cfbfgk|bfg

38. pQ/s'l~hsf
!= v
@= u
#= 3
$= s
%= u
^= 3
&= v

39. Thank you
wGojfb
1/23/2021 39