Anxiety disorders Impulse control disorders Obsessive compulsive disorders

1. Section 4.1 Mental Disorders
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Objectives
Explain how mental disorders are recognized.
Identify four causes of mental disorders.
Section 4.1
Mental Disorders
Describe five types of anxiety disorders and
four other types of mental disorders.

2. Section 4.1 Mental Disorders
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For each of your responses, explain why you gave the
answer you did.
Switch to QuickTake version of the quiz.
Quick Quiz Which of the following statements are always true?
Which are sometimes true? Which are always false?
It is easy to identify a person with a mental disorder.
Mental disorders are caused by emotional problems.
Mental disorders affect a person’s ability to function.
People who have a mental disorder are dangerous.

3. Section 4.1 Mental Disorders
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A mental disorder is an illness that affects the mind
and reduces a person’s ability to function, to adjust to
change, or to get along with others.
What are Mental Disorders?

4. Section 4.1 Mental Disorders
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• Mental health experts see abnormal thoughts,
feelings, or behaviors as signs, or symptoms,of a
mental disorder.
Recognizing Mental Disorders
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one
example of a mental disorder.

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6. Section 4.1 Mental Disorders
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7. Section 4.1 Mental Disorders
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Some factors that can cause mental disorders are
Causes of Mental Disorders
• physical factors
• heredity
• early experiences
• recent experiences

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• Physical Factors Damage to the brain may cause a
mental disorder.
Causes of Mental Disorders
• Heredity A person may inherit a tendency toward a
mental disorder.
• Early Experiences Extremely negative experiences that
occur early in life can lead to mental illness.
• Recent Experiences Some mental health experts
think that recent experiences are more likely than
early experiences to trigger a mental disorder.

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• Anxiety is fear caused by a source you cannot
identify or a source that doesn’t pose as much threat
as you think.
Anxiety Disorders
• When the anxiety persists for a long time and
interferes with daily living, this is a sign of an
anxiety disorder.
• In any six-month period nearly ten percent of
Americans have an anxiety disorder.

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• A person with this disorder displays intense worry,
fears, or anxiety most days for at least six months.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Anxiety that is related to a specific situation or object
is called a phobia.
Phobias

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12. Section 4.1 Mental Disorders
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During a panic attack, a person will experience some
of the following symptoms.
Panic Attacks
• fast heart rate
• rapid breathing
• fear of suffocation
• believes he or she is dying
• sweating
• trembling or shaking
• choking sensation
• chest discomfort or pain
• nausea or stomach distress
• dizziness or lightheadedness
• fear of losing control
• an “out of body” sensation

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• An unwanted thought or image that takes control of the
mind is an obsession.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• An obsession may lead to a compulsion, an unreasonable
need to behave in a certain way to prevent a feared
outcome.
• People who survive a life threatening event may develop
post-traumatic stress disorder.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• flashbacks
• nightmares
• inability to sleep
• Some symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder are

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• Some teens and young adults have mood disorders
or schizophrenia.
Other Mental Disorders
• Others have impulse-control disorders or personality
disorders.

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• People who have a mood disorder experience
extreme emotions that make it difficult to function
well in their daily lives.
Mood Disorders
• Depression is an emotional state in which a person
feels extremely sad and hopeless.

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• Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder identified by
serious disturbances in thinking, mood, awareness, and
behavior.
Schizophrenia
• People with an impulse-control disorder cannot resist the
impulse, or drive, to act in a way that is harmful to
themselves or to others.
Impulse-Control Disorders
• Some examples of impulse-control disorders are
• kleptomania (taking items not needed or wanted)
• gambling
• uncontrolled shopping (buying many unnecessary things)

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People who have a personality disorder display rigid
patterns of behavior that make it difficult for them to
get along with others.
Personality Disorders
• Group A: People with personality disorders in this
group tend to be cold and distant.
• Group B: People with personality disorders in this
group are often overly emotional or unstable.
• Group C: People with personality disorders in this
group often cannot make decisions.

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Vocabulary
mental disorder An illness that affects the mind and reduces a
person’s ability to function, to adjust to change,
or to get along with others.
anxiety Fear caused by a source you cannot identify or
a source that doesn’t pose as much threat as
you think.
anxiety disorder A disorder characterized by anxiety that persists for
a long time and interferes with daily living.
phobia Anxiety that is related to a specific situation or
object.
obsession An unwanted thought or image that takes
control of the mind.

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Vocabulary
compulsion An unreasonable need to behave in a certain
way to prevent a feared outcome.
mood disorder A disorder characterized by extreme emotions.
depression An emotional state in which a person feels
extremely sad and hopeless.
schizophrenia A disorder characterized by severe disturbances
in thinking,mood, awareness, and behavior.
personality
disorder
A mental disorder characterized by rigid patterns
of behavior, which make it difficult for a person
to get along with others.

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End of Section 4.1
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