1. the first step is the break down of glucose to
extract energy for cellular metabolism
Glycolysis is a series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by
splitting it into two three-carbon moleculescalled
pyruvates.
energy-requiring phase
energy-releasing phase
glycolysis doesn’t require oxygen, anaerobic organisms—could
be aerobic that require oxygen.
AEROBIC CONDITION:
takes place in the cytosol
of a cell, and it can be splitted into two main phases:
energy-requiring phase
energy-releasing phase
2. Step 1: Hexokinase(Mg ion required, shields -ve
phosphate)
Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase(Mg involved)
The most important enzyme for regulation of glycolysis
is phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes formationof the unstable,
two-phosphate sugar molecule, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
Phosphofructokinase speeds up or slows down glycolysis in response
to the energy needs of the cell.
Step 4: Aldolase
Step 5: Triphosphate isomerase(recognize DHAP
convert it into G-3P)
Step 6: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphateDehydrogenase
Step 7: Phosphoglycerate Kinase(Mg ion involved)
3. Step 8: Phosphoglycerate Mutase(transfer of
functional group from one position to another,
enzyme is phosphorylated so add phosphate to 2’
position of substrate then removes from 3’ position)
Step 9: Enolase (removes water from substrate,
series of steps involved)
Step 10: Pyruvate Kinase(phosphate group transfer)
The most important enzyme for regulation of glycolysis
is phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes formationof the unstable,
two-phosphate sugar molecule, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
Phosphofructokinase speeds up or slows down glycolysis in response
to the energy needs of the cell.
