SOME OF GENERAL THINGS ABOUT NETWORKING.

1. NETWORKING
BY SAAD ABDULLAH

2. CONTENTS
1) What is Networking
2) History of Networking
3) IP Addresses of Networking
4) Advantages of Networking

3. Network
Connectivity of two or more than two devices so
that they can communicate with each other is
called Networking.
Connectivity + Communication = Network
Hardware + Software = Network

4. WHAT IS NETWORKING
Networking is a collection of computers and
devices which are connected together via
communication devices and transmission media.
Network allow computers to share resources,
Such as hardware, Software, Data, and
Information. sharing resources saves time and
money.

5. Networking (CONTD)

6. History of Networking
1876: First telephone conversation between
Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant,Thomas
A. Watson.
1972: RayTomlinson invented email; first network
application; used the End-to-end communication
protocol.
1973: Bob Metcalf invented Ethernet a standard
for wiring and signaling that is still used today
(with some updates).

7. History of Networking
1974:Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn developed an open
architecture for the Internet
Internet Protocol (IP) andTransmission Control
Protocol (TCP).
2000: social networks, gaming, streaming media
started
2008: Open flow protocol was designed by Nick
McKeon, leading to Software Defined Networking
(SDN)

8. IP ADDRESS of Networking
 Firstly IP stands for Internet Protocol. It’s defined
in 1974.
 A Unique, 32-bit address used by computers to
communicate over a computer network

9.  IP address structure consists of two addresses:
Network & Host
IP Address is divided into five classes which are
 Class A: It is use for the large number of hosts.
 Class B: It is use for medium size of networking.
 Class C: For the smaller network this IP address
class is used.
 Class D & E: Both types of IP address classes are
mostly used for the experimental or future use.
IP ADDRESS of Networking

10.  Class A
 Class B
 Class C
 Class D
 Class E
N.H.H.H
Classful IP ADDRESSING-II
Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4
Network ID Host ID

11. Classful IP ADDRESSING with Ranges
.
IP Address
Classes
Class A
1 to 126
Class B
128 to 191
Class C
192 to 223
Class D
224 to 239
Class E
240 to 255

12. IPVersion 4
Private IP: It is use to assign in Local Area
Network which do not route through internet or
public network.
 This is free and we don’t need to purchase this
IP
Public IP: It is use for public network means
internet use. It route through internet and
accessible from any location.
 We have to purchase this IP from ICANN or
reseller

13. Advantages of Networking
1. Resource sharing: People can easily find and
share information and data in less time
because of networking.
2. High reliability: Networking provide us high
reliability.The presence of multiple CPUs means
that, if one goes down, the other may be able to
take over it works, although at reduced
performance.

14. Advantages of Networking
3. Easy communication: It is very easy to communicate
through a network. Network provide a powerful
communication medium. People can enjoy benefits
of e-mails, instant messaging , video-conferencing
etc.
4. Speed: Sharing and transferring files within networks
is very rapid, depending on the type of network.This
will save time while maintaining the integrity of files.

15. Advantages of Networking
5. Communication Medium: Network can provide a
powerful communication medium among widely
separated users giving the virtual absence of
geographical boundaries.
6. Hardware Sharing: Ability to share hardware. For
example, A printer can be shared among the users in a
network so that there’s no need to have individual printers for
each and every computer in the company.