2. Adverse effect of Nano-material
on the environment
Introduction
Within this group of materials, nano-
particles, defined as materials with at least
two dimensions between 1 and 100 nm.
NPs have always existed in environment
,from both natural and anthropogenic
sources
In aquatic systems, colloid is the generic term
applied to particles in the 1 nm to 1 micron
meter size range.
3. Size distribution of various types of
environmental colliods and particle (Red
WILKINSON)
0
0
9Wilkinson and Red)
4. Introduction
Nano-toxicological studies are intended to
determine at what extent their properties
may pose a threat to the environment and to
the human beings.
The toxicity of nano-materials were broadly
classified in to:-
BiologicalToxicity
EnvironmentToxicity
5.
6. Biological toxicity
Nanostructures can enter the body via six
principle routes:- Intravenous, Dermal,
subcutaneous inhalation, Intraperitoneal and
oral
The entered nanostructure can distribute to
various organs in the body and may remain the
same modified ,or metabolized
They enter the cells of the organ and residue in
the cells for an unknown amount of time before
leaving to move to other organs or to be
10. Environmental toxicity
During the outburst of NMs research there
pumps lot of nano-particle to the
environment.
NPs pollution, by deposition of nano-particle
in ground water and soil.
Process that control trans port and removal
of NPs in water and waste water are yet to be
investigated.
11. Possible mechanism of NMs toxicity to bacteria .
Different NMs may cause toxicity via one or more
of these mechanism.
16. Conclusion
On the basis of above discussion we find that
NM effects that much research is needed in
freshwater, marine, and soil ecosystems.
Since the ultimate sink for NPs may be sediment
and soils, more testing with organisms that inhabit
these ecosystems is essential. However, research
to date has dramatically illustrated the need for
standardized testing protocols with NPs. This is
particularly pressing in soil and sedimentary
systems where progress in the development of
standardized protocols and characterization are
lagging far behind testing in aquatic system.
