Fundamentals of INDUSTRY 4.0

1. Subhodip Pal

2. Subhodip Pal
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4. • Industry 4.0 is a name given to the
current trend of automation and data
exchange in manufacturing
technologies.
• Industry 4.0 is the cyber-physical
transformation of manufacturing.
• It includes cyber-physical systems,
the Internet of things, cloud
computing and cognitive computing.
• Industry 4.0 is commonly referred as
the fourh industrial revolution.[
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7. • The industrial revolution in Britain
came in to introduce machines into
production by the end of the 18th
century (1760-1840).
• This included going from manual
production to the use of steam-
powered engines and water as a
source of power.
• This helped agriculture greatly and
the term “factory” became a little
popular.
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8. • The second one dates between
1870 and 1914 (although some of
its characteristics date back to the
1850) and introduced pre-existing
systems such as telegraphs and
railroads into industries.
• Perhaps the defining characteristic
of that period was the introduction
of mass production as a primary
means to production in general.
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9. • The third industrial revolution is
dated between 1950 and 1970.
• It is often referred to as the Digital
Revolution, and came about the
change from analog and
mechanical systems to digital
ones.
• The third revolution was, and still
is, a direct result of the huge
development in computers and
information and communication
technology
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10. • The fourth industrial revolution takes the
automation of manufacturing processes to
a new level by introducing customized
and flexible mass production
technologies.
• This means that machines will operate
independently, or cooperate with humans
in creating a customer-oriented
production field that constantly works on
maintaining itself.
• The machine rather becomes an
independent entity that is able to collect
data, analyze it, and advise upon it.
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11. Industry 4.0 is driven by the convergence of technologies,
including:-----
• The industrial internet of things (IIoT) and the widespread use
of sensors.
• Big data and analytics.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning.
• LPWANs for machine-to-machine (M2M) and Internet of
Things (IoT) networks.
• IT/OT convergence.
• Touch and voice interfaces and augmented reality (AR)
systems.
• Advanced robotics.
• Additive manufacturing.
• Cyber-Physical Systems, Internet of Things, Smart Factory,
and Internet of Services are the most common four terms
cited in academic research publications related to the
industry
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12. • A cyber-physical system
(CPS) is a system of
collaborating computational
elements controlling physical
entities.
• CPS are physical and
engineered systems whose
operations are monitored,
coordinated, controlled and
integrated by a computing
and communication core.
• They allow us to add
capabilities to physical
systems by merging
computing and
communication with physical
processes.
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13. • The Internet of Things is
what enables objects and
machines such as mobile
phones and sensors to
“communicate” with each
other as well as human
beings to work out
solutions.
• The integration of such
technology allows objects
to work and solve
problems independently
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14. • The Internet of Services aims at
creating a wrapper that simplifies
all connected devices to make the
most out of them by simplifying
the process.
• It is the customer’s gateway to
the manufacturer.
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15. • the Smart Factory can
be defined as a factory
where CPS
communicate over the
IoT and assist people
and machines in the
execution of their tasks.
• Smart factories are a key feature
of Industry 4.0. A smart factory
adopts a so called Calm-system.
• A calm system is a system that
is able to deal with both the
physical world as well as the
virtual.
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16. • Interoperability: the ability of cyber-
physical systems (i.e. work piece carriers,
assembly stations and products), humans
and Smart Factories to connect and
communicate with each other via the
Internet of Things and the Internet of
Services
• Virtualization: a virtual copy of the Smart
Factory which is created by linking sensor
data (from monitoring physical processes)
with virtual plant models and simulation
models
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17. • Decentralization: the ability of cyber-
physical systems within Smart Factories to
make decisions on their own
• Real-Time Capability: the capability to
collect and analyze data and provide the
insights immediately
• Service Orientation: offering of services (of
cyber-physical systems, humans and Smart
Factories) via the Internet of Services
• Modularity: flexible adaptation of Smart
Factories for changing requirements of
individual modules
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18. ➨It is easy to do backend integration with
ERP/MES etc.
➨It is possible to host micro services.
➨It enables execution of transactions with soft
real time.
➨It enables simple distribution of functionalities
to multiple nodes.
➨It is easy to install, activate and change in
industry 4.0 architecture.
➨Clear and monitored communication paths in
industry 4.0 makes resource management very
simple.
➨It is easy to add new protocols and processes.
➨It is possible to communicate between
components on the shop floor.
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19. ➨The IoT security is a major concern. The companies
are working to address the security related loop holes.
➨Skills and education of workers working on industry
4.0 based processes need to improved.
➨There are redundant workers in corporate IT
department and hence adoption of industry 4.0 is a
major threat for these IT staff.
➨There will be general reluctance to change to
industry 4.0 by company stakeholders.
➨Need to eliminate any IT snags as this will cause
costly production outages.
➨Reliability and stability are required for M2M
(Machine to Machine) communication. This demands
very short and stable latency timings in the system.
➨It requires to maintain integrity of production
processes.
➨It requires to educate staff to adopt this 4th
industrial revolution. This requires considerable time
as well as efforts across the industries.
Subhodip Pal

20. • Industry 4.0 has a lot to promise when it
comes to revenues, investment, and
technological advancements, but
employment still remains one of the most
mysterious aspects of the new industrial
revolution.
• Industry 4.0 might be the peak of
technological advancement in
manufacturing, but it still sounds as if
machines are taking over the industry.
• Given the nature of the industry, it will
introduce new jobs in big data analysis,
robot experts, and a huge portion of
mechanical engineers.
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21. • Industry 4.0 is definitely a revolutionary
approach to manufacturing techniques.
• The concept will push global manufacturers to a
new level of optimization and productivity.
• Not only that, but customers will also enjoy a
new level of personally customized products that
may have never been available before.
• As mentioned above, the economic rewards are
immense.
• While speculations regarding privacy, security,
and employment need more study, the overall
picture is promising.
• Such approach to manufacturing industries is
truly revolutionary.
Subhodip Pal

22. THANK YOU
Subhodip Pal