RFID technology uses radio waves to uniquely identify objects and track tags attached to them. RFID tags contain electronically stored information and were originally developed to track cattle. RFID works similarly to magnetic strips on credit cards. RFID tags are widely used to track items like vehicles and livestock. Standards help ensure RFID devices are interoperable between organizations. The construction industry is increasingly using RFID to track materials, tools, workers, and vehicles during construction projects. Benefits of RFID in construction include inventory management, worker safety, and theft prevention.

1. RFID Technology
RFID Technology
RFID, Radio Frequency Identification Devices, is a technology
that applies the use of electromagnetic fields to uniquely
identify and track tags fixed to objects. These tags consist of
electronically stored data. RFID technology was developed to
track cattle, but it has evolved greatly over the years, and it is
being used in many industries today. RFID works the same as a
magnetic strip or a barcode at the back of an ATM card or credit
card (Want, 2006). RFID tags are greatly used in many
corporations such the automobiles industries where the tag is
fixed to an automobile during manufacturing, and it is used to
monitor its progress through the assembly line. RFID
microchips are implanted in pets and livestock to allow
identification of animals. Also, producers use RFID tags on
promoted merchandise so that they can monitor exactly which
product has been purchased through the supply chain at prices
which are discounted.
RFID standards are rules and regulations that regulate the use of
RFID items. These standards help us understand the frequencies
at which RFID items work, the rules about these items, how the
reader and the tag works and how data is exchanged in the RFID
items. RFID standards help organizations create integral
products such as different sorts of readers, tags, adornments,
and programming. RFID standards assure that RFID gadgets are
interoperable thus paying little caution to client or seller (Liu,
Levitt, Kara, Sahin, Dion & Dandekar, 2016). These standards
expand market sectors and build certain rivalry inside
organizations which is an important thing for a successful
organization. They help increase the board trust in the
innovation. Certain bodies which are industrial, national,
territorial and worldwide are responsible for setting RFID

2. standards. Worldwide bodies such as ISO, International
Standards Organization, help set the standards that help in the
RFID gadgets. Different RFID gadgets have a different set of
standards. Auto-ID Centre was set up to develop the electronic
product and other related technologies which would be used to
track and identify items through the worldwide supply chain.
The Auto-ID center was aiming at coming up with a cheap RFID
system since the tags needed were disposable. This meant that
the tags which were put by the manufacturer on the items which
were to be to transport to the seller could not be reused again by
the manufacturer. The tags would help to track goods and
products from the manufacturer as they flowed across the world.
This was also one of the company's missions in developing
RFID system. These tags were supposed to use a standardized
air interface protocol developed by Auto-ID center. Auto-ID
Centre by developing the network architecture would enable
anyone to check data associated with the specific number stored
in the tag. The network architecture was integrated with the
internet and was based on open standards used on the internet.
The enabled good communication between the supplier and the
manufacturer.
RFID technology is used in many industries today worldwide. A
good example of an industry where RFID technology is being
applied today is the construction industry. Just like any other
industry in the market sector, the construction industry is
following the overall industry steps of automation of many
aspects of materials tracking and identification. For the past
decades, the use of RFID technology in the construction
industry has greatly increased. RFID tagging has provided the
major hardware solutions in this industry. RFID technology is
being put to use to provide real-time information on issues such
as the condition of materials, location and timing rather than
relying on human intelligence. RFID basically aids the control
on a large quality of processes in various levels of construction,
from the start to the end. The RFID tagging technology has

3. helped in improving efficiency in the construction industry.
Below are some of the applications of the use of RFID
technology in the construction industry. Also are some of the
benefits and cons of application technology in the construction
industry.
Construction of a house, for example, is divided into various
stages, the first being planning, and the last being inhabitation.
As stated earlier, different RFID gadgets have different
standards. Thus RFID technology applied in the construction
industry is a bit different from the one used in the
manufacturing industry. Hence, a certain RFID technology
system is implemented for each construction stage. Construction
materials mostly include materials which are made of steel. This
can interfere with the operation of RFID, and there is an
urgency of evaluating the influence of grouping RFID tags and
construction materials. Passive RFID tags have been developed
to address this issue. Also, the urgent demand for correct
records of an underground infrastructure mostly aims to
authorize an RFID technology that locates buried items. Also,
new tags have been produced to be attached to the metallic
materials. Thus RFID is effective when mounted on metallic
surfaces and working in free space. After the planning is done,
assembling and moving the materials needed to the construction
site is done. RFID technology is applied in the supply chain as
the materials are transported from the manufacturer or supplier
to the construction site (Roy & Jacob, 2015). Through the use of
RFID technology in the supply management, delivery and
billing become an easy task. Concrete mixing is a task that is
mostly done manually, but through the introduction of RFID
technology, it has become an easy task. RFID helps monitor the
steps of concrete mixing, loading time and delivery to the
construction site. RFID technology is used to precast materials
being used for the construction. It used to audit the incoming
items and the logistics processes. During the construction
process, it is important to monitor the movement of various

4. materials, employees, and vehicles used during the construction
process. RFID tags are attached to these materials to help
monitor the movement.
The construction industry is benefiting a lot from the use of
RFID technology. Some of the benefits include keeping track of
tools and materials used in the construction process. Keeping
track of tools and materials have checked out and the employees
who have checked them out. They also show how long the tools
and materials have been used after they have been checked in.
This helps in the management of tools by showing tools that
need to be replaced and those that have been lost. RFID
technology has helped improve the worker safety at construction
sites (Wang, 2017). A good example is that readers are
installed in items such open elevator shafts such the reader
activates an alarm when an employee wearing a tag nears the
shaft. This helps alert the employee of any danger. RFID tags
greatly assist in building maintenance process. The tags are
placed are placed in electrical cables and help to locate these
cables easily during the repair process. Also, RFID is used
during the inspection of a building after construction is
completed. RFID tags which are networked are attached with
sensors to control lighting and temperature and also monitor
building occupancy. Also, during the construction process
construction managers need to monitor when workers leave and
arrive at the construction sites. Instead of writing and signing
manually in books, they can use tags attached to their badges,
and they scanned at certain entry points in the construction site.
This helps indicate at what exact time the employee arrived and
left the site. RFID technology has helped reduce theft of
materials as materials are regularly monitored.
Reference:
Want, R. (2006). An introduction to RFID technology. IEEE
pervasive computing, 5(1), 25-33.
Liu, Y., Levitt, A., Kara, C., Sahin, C., Dion, G., & Dandekar,

5. K. R. (2016, October). An improved design of wearable strain
sensor based on knitted RFID technology. In Antenna
Measurements & Applications (CAMA), 2016 IEEE Conference
on (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Wang, H. (2017). Construction Project Performance
Improvement through Radio Frequency Identification
Technology Application on a Project Supply Chain.
Roy, N., & Jacob, J. (2015). A STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION
SAFETY ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERAL
SOLUTION FRAMEWORK. International Journal of
Engineering Research and General Science, 3(6).
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