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OT 425 class 1B
- 1. Session 1B
- 2. Learning about the History of Occupational Therapy
- 10. Health Policy and Legislation Impacting OT
- 11. The Americans with Disabilities Act http://adata.org/ada-timeline
- 14. • Client-centered • Occupation-centered • Evidence-based • Culturally relevant
- 15. 1. That work should be carried on with care as the main object. 2. The work must be interesting. 3. The patient should be carefully studied. 4. The one form of occupation should not be carried out the point of fatigue. 5. That it should have some useful end. 6. That it preferably should lead to an increase in the patient’s knowledge. 7. That it should be carried on with others. 8. That all possible encouragement should be given the worker. 9. The work resulting in a poor or useless product is better than idleness.
Editor's Notes
- Topic - Historical perspective and underlying principles and philosophy of OT Watch the video What is occupational therapy? Things to consider to guide your preparation for class: What is an elevator speech and why is it important to have one prepared? Which of the individual mentioned in Chapter 2 do you think had the most profound impact on the profession of OT and why? Identify 3 words that can be used to describe the philosophical basis of OT Opening Assessment – What is an elevator speech and why is it important to have one prepared? Share as a resource or use for class discussion: Historical perspective shift on health/wellness: http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/03/the-history-of-neurasthenia-or-americanitis-health-happiness-and-culture/473253/ Driving as an iADL http://occupational-therapy.advanceweb.com/Features/Articles/The-Road-to-Independent-Driving.aspx?utm_medium=email&utm_source=Act-On+Software&utm_content=email&utm_campaign=E-Newsletter%3A%20The%20Road%20to%20Independent%20Driving&utm_term=Road%20to%20Driving%20Independence&cm_mmc=Act-On%20Software-_-email-_-E-Newsletter%3A%20The%20Road%20to%20Independent%20Driving-_-Road%20to%20Driving%20Independence Recap – last class, we talked about OCCUPATIONS. What occupation are you engaging in now? Fill in the blank – LIFE W/O OCCUPATION IS … Debrief from SFF’s - OTPF, break after an hour, 22 voted for random group selection and 13 voted for StrenghtsFinder groups (1 abstained)
- Two assignments related to today’s discussion points – Era presentations and timeline Assign groups to decades – Assignments>>Era Group Presentation Overall objective in discussing history – to get a sense of the impact of the influences and the diversity of the influencers -- to paint a picture of how we got to where we are in terms of what we view as occupations and ultimately the profession of OT Modern-day example: Clothing trends affecting health – Jola’s baggy pants story
- How does the medical model view illness – both physical and mental? The profession’s philosophical base – adopted in 1979 and re-affirmed in 2004 – emphasizes health involves body, mind, and spirit – in total integration. Client vs. patient – why? AKA residents, participants, consumers
- Why is it important for us to understand a client’s occupations?
- Goal of OT intervention – to increase ability of client to participate in everyday activities, including feeding, dressing, bathing, leisure, work, education, and social participation Categories of impairments OT addresses – physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and sensory Settings – Inpatient (acute care facilities, psychiatric hospitals, nursing facilities, and prisons) Outpatient – clinics, medical offices, therapist offices Research facilities Educational institutions Home and community settings – group homes, homes, assisted living, daycare centers, industrial facilities, hospice, sheltered workshops, wellness centers, etc.
- We talked about diversity in the field – at what point did you know you wanted to be an OT? Range of backgrounds of our founders – physicians, nurses, teachers, architect – different countries and religions Why is this important?
- Misperceptions about OT – poll students Elevator exchanges – divide into groups of 3-4. 5 minutes to plan - Each group to discuss how they would explain OT to a person they encounter in an elevator (60 second limit) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvRVMu-6j9Y
- OT was originally called Occupation Work. National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy founded March 15, 1917 Organized by George Edward Barton (present were Dr. Dunton, Eleanor Clarke Slagle, Thomas Kidner, and Susan Cox Johnson) Name changed to American Occupational Therapy Association in 1921 Archives of Occupational Therapy: Peer reviewed journal established 1922 The journal name changed to Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation in 1925 and American Journal of Occupational Therapy in 1947
- OT grew dramatically in the 1920s and 1930s. After the start of WWI, OT practitioners were very much needed to care for soldiers. Reconstruction aides, civilian women who served in World War I, are credited with an influential role in the development of occupational therapy. Their task was to provide treatment in the form of occupation to enable servicemen suffering from wounds or battle neurosis to return to the battlefront. Although some occupational therapy aides were occupational therapists, many were teachers, artists, and crafts persons.
- OT gained awareness in the late 40’s due to activism and legislation resulting in increased funding for military aide. Smith-Sears Veterans Rehab Act of 1918 – Soldier’s Rehab Act – estab program of vocational rehab for soldier disabled on active duty Civilian Vocational Rehab Act – 1920 – provided fed funding to states on a 50/50 matching basis to provide voc rehab services to civilians with physical disabilities Federally mandated healthcare – 1965 (Medicare) Rehab Act of 1973 – came during time of great social unrest and change. Civil rights movement – this act emphasized priority tx for individuals with most severe disabilities; mandated written plan for all accepted into program; called for dev of standards for rehab services; called for research in rehab field. Disallowed discrimination in employment or admissions into acad prog due to disability. Education for All H/C Children Act of 1975 – H/C Infants and Toddlers Act – 1986 – included children 3-5, plus early int for 0-3 Technology Related Assistance for Indiv with Disabilities Act of 1988 – A.T. for individ with disabilities
- Amer with Disabilities Act of 1990 – civil rights and equal access to employment, transportation, public accom, state and local government, and telecommunications IDEA – 1991 – requires districts to provide educ in LRE, mandates A.T. be considered - amended in 1997 further improves opp for students with disabilities – strengthens role of parent in making decisions and defines OT as a related service that can be provided to enable a student with a disability to participate in or benefit from the educ process Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA) – intended to reduce Medicare Spending – created managed care
- Ten prospective OT Hall of Fame inductees Groups of 3-4 to create campaign posters to lobby to have the assigned person inducted into the Hall of Fame.
- Reductionistic Approach vs. Holistic Approach Used by U.S. healthcare system Emphasizes whole being Person is reduced to separate parts Dynamic interaction of whole systems Assoc with being more scientific Looks at the “whole picture” HOLISTIC – what does that mean? Organic and functional relationship between the parts and the whole being. A person is a whole – an interaction between one’s components: Biological, psychological, sociocultural, and spiritual elements Dysfunction in any part affects the whole person. Examples of impact of dysfunction in each – Important: OT evals and intervention should reflect the needs of the whole person in order to provide the client with access to the unique aspects of OT.
- Two ways to use occupations – As the end point that we’re aiming for in intervention These occupations – part of one’s normal roles Help to organize person’s time Help person to participate in life/society Have purpose and meaning for the person The OT can help the person learn/ relearn these occupations – and/or can make adaptations if needed As the means to improve someone’s impaired abilities Occupation can be introduced as intervention to help person improve after injury/illness Enables eventual occupational functioning Choose occupations that interest the client and which have therapeutic value Should be challenging but enable success
- Closing Assessment – Why is it important to study the history of the profession? If time allows – groups to begin working on plans for era presentations