2. What is Bursa?
Bursa are flat sacs of synovial membrane in which
the inner sides of the sacs are separated by a fluid
film.
Bursa are found where moving structures are in tight
approximation that is between tendon and bone,
bone and skin, muscle and bone or ligament and
bone.
3. Bursa around the knee joint...
Subcutaneous bursa
Subtendinous bursa
Submuscular bursa
Prepatellar Bursa
Subpopliteal Bursa
Suprapatellar Bursa
Infrapatellar Bursa (Clergyman’s Knee)
6. Bursitis
Baker’s cyst
• Also known as
Popliteal cyst.
• Named after Dr. William
Morrant Baker.
Housemaid’s knee
• Also known as
Prepatellar Bursitis,
Miner’s knee.
7. Baker’s Cyst...
Definition :- A Baker's cyst is a is a fluid-filled
swelling that is developed at the back of the knee in
the popliteal fossa region. The pain can get worse
when you fully flex or extend your knee or when
you're active.
Pathology :-
Osteoarthritis
Trauma or cartilage injury(athletes)
Herniation of synovial membrane – through the
posterior part of the capsule of the knee joint. (30%)
Escape of fluid through normal communication of
bursa with the knee. (semimembranosus /medial
gastrocnemius)
17. Baker’s cyst...
Surgical Treatment :-
Baker’s cyst –
Needle aspiration
Excision of bursa and closure of the capsular orifice.
Giant cyst –
1-2 days of non-surgical treatment
Later arthrography and cyst is excised.
Synovectomy is done later to prevent recurrence.
18. Housemaid’s Knee…
Definition :- Prepatellar Bursa, which occupies a
position just over the patella gets inflamed.
Cause :-
Sustained pressure of body weight due to frequent
kneeling – occupational or in handicapped persons
who depend on knee walking.
Direct blow on knee.
Clinical Features :-
Large rounded swelling
Red skin, rise in temperature
Tenderness
Quads activity may be painful
21. Housemaid’s Knee…
Treatment
A. Conservative
• Analgesic ant inflammatory drugs.
• Rest – crepe or pressure bandage
• Avoid – kneeling, pressure positions & movements
at knee
• Limb elevation
• Isometric quadriceps contraction – pain free range
• Relaxed knee swinging – available pain free range
• Electrical stimulation – avoid disuse atrophy
(Quads)
• Assisted SLR
22. Housemaid’s Knee…
Treatment
B. Surgery :- If becomes chronic and painful , then
bursa is excised surgically.
C. Post operative management
• Limb elevation
• Strong movements to toes, ankle & hip
• End of 1 week- small range isometrics to
quadriceps within pain free range.
• Self assisted relaxed passive knee swinging
• Gentle passive movements – start to improve
patellar mobility
23. Housemaid’s Knee…
• Re-education in walking( tendency to walk with
flexed knee)
• Body resistive quadriceps exercise (self-resistive) –
excellent means of Quadriceps strengthening and
mobilising knee.
• Guided functional positions
• Back to normal activities by 4-6 weeks.
29. Bibliography
Joint structure and function by Pamela K. Levangie
& Cynthia C. Norkin
Essential Orthopaedics by Maheshwari & Mhaskar
Essentials of Orthopedics for Physiotherapists by
John Ebnezer & Rakesh John
Essentials of Orthopaedics and Applied
Physiotherapy by Jayant Joshi & Prakash Kotwal
Orthopedic Physical Assessment by David J. Magee
Pictures by these books only
Physiopedia
Videos from Youtube and my friend Basudev
Barman