Notes by Payal Mudliar

1. SBI – MS-CIT
SHRI BALAJI
INFOTECH
UNIT – 6 INPUT AND OUTPUT

2. UNIT - 6
SBI – MS-CIT

3. Contoso Ltd.
What is Input
○ In computer science, the general meaning of input is to provide or
give something to the computer, in other words, when a computer
or device is receiving a command or signal from outer sources, the
event is referred to as input to the device.
○ Also some internal components of computer are input components
to other components, like the power-on button of a computer is
input component for the processor or the power supply, because it
takes user input and sends it to other components for further
processing.
INPUT
DEVICES
Some computer devices can also be
categorized as input devices [1] because we
use these devices to send instructions to the
computer, some common examples of
computer input devices are:
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4. Contoso Ltd.
INPUTDEVICES
Keyboard Entry
a panel of keys that
operate a computer or
typewriter.
Pointing Devices
a generic term for any
device (e.g. a graphics
tablet, mouse, stylus,
or trackball) used to
control the movement
of a cursor on a
computer screen.
Scanning Devices
A scanner is an
input device that scans
documents such as
photographs and pages
of text.
Image Capturing
Devices
Provided are an image
capturing device,
an image capturing
method, and a
program which allow
an image of a subject
to be captured in a
more appropriate
manner.
Audio Input Devices
Audio input devices
allow a user to send
audio signals to a
computer for
processing, recording,
or carrying out
commands.
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5. Contoso Ltd.
What is Keyboard Entry
○ Keyboard entry - A piece of information fed manually into a
computing system by means of a set of keys, such as a
typewriter.
○ A computer keyboard is an input device that allows a person
to enter letters, numbers, and other symbols (these are
called characters in a keyboard) into a computer. It is one of
the most used input devices for computers. Using
a keyboard to enter lots of data is called typing.
KEYBOARD
The keyboard is essential for a computer
whether it is personal or laptop, as it is used
for navigation, process execution, and so on.
It is the best interface device that allows us
to input the data. I would say that no PC is
complete without a keyboard.
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6. Contoso Ltd.
Typesof Keyboards
Traditional
Keyboard
The traditional keyboard layout is
QWERTY which are the first six
letters. This type of keyboard was
introduced in 1872 and was
marketed by Christopher Sholes. This
arrangement of keys prevented the
typewriters from speeding so that
the metal arms can be prevented
from colliding and jamming as
people typed fast.
Laptop
keyboards
A laptop keyboard is arranged
differently than desktop keyboard to
accommodate the laptop's narrower
footprint. Most laptop keyboards are
made smaller by placing the keys
closer and by including an Fn key.
The Fn key is used in conjunction
with other keys to perform special
functions.
Virtual
keyboards
A virtual keyboard is a software
component that allows the input
of characters without the need for
physical keys. The interaction with
the virtual keyboard happens
mostly via a touchscreen
interface, but can also take place
in a different form in virtual or
augmented reality.
Thumb
keyboard
A thumb keyboard, or a thumb
board, is a type of keyboard
commonly found on PDAs, mobile
phones, and PDA phones which
has a familiar layout to an ordinary
keyboard, such as QWERTY. The
inputting surface is usually
relatively small, and is intended for
typing using the available thumbs,
while holding the device.
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7. Contoso Ltd.
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• What is input? What are input Devices ?
• List and compare the four categories of
keyboards.
• What are toggle keys ? What are
combination keys ?
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8. Contoso Ltd.
What is Pointing Devices
○ A pointing device is an input interface (specifically
a human interface device) that allows a user to
input spatial (i.e., continuous and multi-dimensional)
data to a computer. CAD systems and graphical user
interfaces (GUI) allow the user to control and provide
data to the computer using physical gestures by moving
a hand-held mouse or similar device across the surface
of the physical desktop and activating switches on the
mouse. Movements of the pointing device are echoed
on the screen by movements of the pointer (or cursor)
and other visual changes. Common gestures are point
and click and drag and drop
Pointing
Devices
While the most common pointing device by
far is the mouse, many more devices have
been developed. However, the term
"mouse" is commonly used as a metaphor
for devices that move the cursor.
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9. Contoso Ltd.
Typesof PointingDevices
Computer
Mouse
Computer mouse (is a hand-
held pointing device that
detects two -dimensional motion
relative to a surface. This motion is
typically translated into the motion
of a pointer on a display, which
allows a smooth control of
the graphical user interface of
a computer. There are three types
of mouse: Trackball mouse,
Optical mouse and wireless
optical mouse.
Touch
Screen
A touch screen is a computer display
screen that is also an input device.
The screens are sensitive to pressure;
a user interacts with the computer
by touching pictures or words on
the screen. ... Resistive touch
screen panels are not affected by
outside elements such as dust or
water.
Game
Controllers
A game controller, or
simply controller, is an input
device used with video games or
entertainment systems to provide
input to a video game, typically to
control an object or character in
the game. ... Input devices that
have been classified as game
controllers include keyboards,
mouses, gamepads, joysticks, etc.
Stylus
In computing, a stylus (or stylus
pen) is a small pen-shaped
instrument whose tip position on
a touchscreen can be detected by
the screen. It is used to draw, or
make selections by tapping, on
devices with touchscreens such
as computers, mobile Devices(
smartphones and personal digital
assistants), gaming consoles,
and graphic tablets.
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10. Contoso Ltd.
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• What is a pointing device ? Describe four
pointing devices.
• What is an optical mouse ? What is a
multi-touch screen ?
• Describe four game controllers.
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11. Contoso Ltd.
What is Scanning Devices
○ Scanning devices include bar-code readers, marl-and
character recognition device, fax machines, and imaging
systems. Mark and character recognition devices include
magnetic –ink character recognition, optical mark
recognition, and optical character recognition. Fax
machines may be dedicated machines or fax modems.
○ The information will include; cost, and how its used The
four common scanner types are: Flatbed, Sheet-fed,
Handheld, and Drum scanners. ... This type of
scanner works like a flatbed scanner except that the
image is fed through the scanner and moves along the
beam to be read rather than the beam moving.
How does it work ?
Scanners operate by shining light at the object
or document being digitized and directing the
reflected light (usually through a series of
mirrors and lenses) onto a photosensitive
element. In most scanners, the sensing
medium is an electronic, light-sensing
integrated circuit known as a charged coupled
device (CCD)
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12. Contoso Ltd.
Typesof Scanning Devices
Optical
Scanners
A device that can read text or
illustrations printed on paper and
translate the information into a form
the computer can use. A scanner
works by digitizing an image --
dividing it into a grid of boxes and
representing each box with either a
zero or a one, depending on whether
the box is filled in.
Card
Readers
A card reader is a data input device
that reads data from a card-shaped
storage medium. The first were
punched card readers, which read
the paper or cardboard punched
cards that were used during the first
several decades of the computer
industry to store information and
programs for computer systems.
Barcode
Readers
A barcode reader is an optical
scanner that can read printed
barcodes, decode the data
contained in the barcode and
send the data to a computer. Like
a flatbed scanner, it consists of a
light source, a lens and a light
sensor translating for optical
impulses into electrical signals.
RFID
Readers
RFID is an acronym for “radio-
frequency identification” and
refers to a technology whereby
digital data encoded in RFID tags or
smart labels (defined below) are
captured by a reader via radio
waves
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13. Contoso Ltd.
Character and Mark Recognition
Devices
○ OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION. DEVICES (OCR)
Optical character recognition (OCR) refers to a computer's
ability to recognize printed letters, numerals, or symbols
(optical characters) as discrete entities rather than as simply an
image containing lines, curves, and shading
○ Magnetic ink character recognition code, known in short as
MICR code, is a character recognition technology used mainly
by the banking industry to streamline the processing and
clearance of cheques and other documents
○ Optical mark recognition is the process of capturing human-
marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.
They are used to read questionnaires, multiple choice
examination paper in the form of lines or shaded areas.
WhatisCharacterandMark
RecognitionDevices?
Mark And Character Recognition
Devices. Mark and character recognition
devices are input devices. they are used to
scan information printed on paper.
these devices read the information and
convert into digital signal.
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MICR
OMR
OCR

14. Contoso Ltd.
14
• What is a scanner? Describe five types of
scanning devices.
• Define UPC, Maxi code and smart cards.
• Describe three common character and
mark recognition devices.
SBI – MS-CIT

15. Contoso Ltd.
Image Capturing Devices
○ An image capturing device includes an optical module
configured to capture an image, at least one sensor module
configured to generate image signals for the captured image,
and a data processing module configured to
generate image data for the captured image on the basis of the
generated image signals.
○ A digital camera is a camera that stores pictures in electronic
memory instead of film. Because of this, a digital camera can
hold many more pictures than a traditional film camera.
A digital camera can sometimes hold hundreds or thousands of
pictures. ... Digital cameras use an image sensor instead of
photographic film.
○ A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams an image or
video in real time to or through a computer to a computer
network, such as the Internet. Webcams are typically small
cameras that sit on a desk, attach to a user's monitor, or are
built into the hardware
Whatarecapturingdevices?
A capture device (also referred to as
a capture card) is a hardware device that you
connect to your computer that converts the
video signal from your camera's output into a
digital format your computer can recognize.
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Digital Camera Web Camera

16. Contoso Ltd.
Audio Input Devices
○ Audio input devices are used to capture sound. ... Audio input
devices allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Devices such
as microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order
to record a voice message or navigate software.
○ Microphones, among the most common devices for audio input,
are used with line-in or microphone-in settings within
a recording software package
○ audio input devices are also used with speech recognition
software
Audio InputDevices
Input devices can also be used to transfer pre-
recorded music to a computer. Using CD-in or
line-in (depending), a person can transfer
tracks from a cassette tape, CD, stereo tuner,
or turntable to a computer.
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17. Contoso Ltd.
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• How are image capturing devices
different from an optical scanner ?
• Define two image capturing devices.
• What are voice recognition system ?
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18. Contoso Ltd.
What is Output ?
○ An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment
which converts information into human-readable form. It can be
text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video. Some of the output devices
are Visual Display Units i.e. a Monitor, Printer, Graphic Output
devices, Plotters, Speakers etc.
○ Any information that is processed by and sent out from a computer
or other electronic device is considered output. An example
of output is anything viewed on your computer monitor screen, such
as the words you type on your keyboard.
INPUT DEVICES
Four Basic Categories of Output Devices of a
Computer. A computer output device is used
to extract information from a computer.
There are visual, audio, print and
data output devices. Different types of
specific hardware include monitors,
speakers and headphones, printers and
external hard drives
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19. Contoso Ltd.
Monitors
A monitor is an electronic visual
computer display that includes a screen,
circuitry and the case in which that
circuitry is enclosed.
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Resolution :- It have pixel count such as 1600×1200, which
means 1600 horizontal pixels and 1200 vertical pixels.
Dot (pixel) pitch :- the difference between dots used to display
the image on the screen.
Contrast Ratios :- it measured display between the the darkest
blacks and brightest whites a display is capable of producing.
Aspect Ratio:- width to its height.

20. Contoso Ltd.
ComputerMonitor
Types
Flat-Panel Monitors
A flat-panel display is an
electronic viewing device
used to enable people to
see content in a range of
entertainment, consumer
electronics, personal
computer, and mobile
devices, and many types
of medical,
transportation and
industrial equipment.
Curved Monitors
Curved screen TVs were
introduced to the
consumer market in
2013, primarily due to
the efforts of Korean
companies Samsung
and LG, while curved
screen projection
displays, such as
Cinerama, have been
around since the 1950s.
E-Book Readers
An e-reader, also
called an e-book
reader or e-book
device, is a mobile
electronic device that
is designed primarily
for the purpose of
reading digital e-books
and periodicals
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21. Contoso Ltd.
Other Monitors
Digital Whiteboard
An interactive whiteboard
also commonly known as
Interactive board or Smart
boards is a large interactive
display in the form factor of
a whiteboard.
Ultra High Definition
Television
Ultra-high-definition television
today includes 4K UHD and 8K
UHD, which are two digital video
formats with an aspect ratio of
16:9. These were first proposed
by NHK Science & Technology
Research Laboratories and later
defined and approved by the
International Telecommunication
Union.
Digital Projectors
A digital projector, also called a digital
projection display system, is a
specialized computer display that
projects an enlarged image on a movie
screen. Such devices are commonly used
in presentations. ... The light
transmitivity of each pixel varies
depending on the image data received
from the computer.
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22. Contoso Ltd.
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• Define these monitor features : clarity,
resolution, dot pitch, contrast ratios, size,
and aspect ratio.
• Describe flat-panel, curved, LCD, LED, and
OLED monitors.
• What are e-book readers, digital
whiteboards, UHDTVs and digital projectors?
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23. Contoso Ltd.
Printers
In computing, a printer is a peripheral device
which makes a persistent representation of
graphics or text, usually on paper. While most
output is human-readable, bar code printers
are an example of an expanded use for
printers.
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Resolution
Colour
Capability
Speed Memory
Duplex
Printing

24. Contoso Ltd.
Printers
Inkjet Printers
Inkjet printing is a type of
computer printing that recreates
a digital image by propelling
droplets of ink onto paper and
plastic substrates. Inkjet
printers are the most commonly
used type of printer, and range
from small inexpensive
consumer models to expensive
professional machines..
Laser Printers
A laser printer is a popular type
of personal computer printer that
uses a non-impact (keys don't
strike the paper), photocopier
technology. When a document is
sent to the printer, a laser beam
"draws" the document on a
selenium-coated drum using
electrical charges. ... Most laser
printers print only in
monochrome.
3D Printers
The 3D printing process builds a
three-dimensional object from a
computer-aided design model,
usually by successively adding
material layer by layer, which is
why it is also called additive
manufacturing.
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25. Contoso Ltd.
Other Printers
Cloud Printers
Google Cloud Print is a Google
service that lets users print from
any Cloud Print-aware
application on any device in the
network cloud to any printer
with native support for
connecting to cloud print
Thermal Printers
Thermal printing is a digital
printing process which produces
a printed image by selectively
heating coated thermo chromic
paper, or thermal paper as it is
commonly known, when the
paper passes over the thermal
print head. The coating turns
black in the areas where it is
heated, producing an image.
Plotters
A plotter produces vector graphics
drawings. Plotters draw lines on
paper using a pen. In the past,
plotters were used in applications
such as computer-aided design, as
they were able to produce line
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26. Contoso Ltd.
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• Discuss these printer features : resolution,
colour capability, speed, memory, and
duplex printing.
• Compare inkjet, laser, and 3D printers.
• Discuss cloud, thermal, and plotter printers.
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27. Contoso Ltd.
Audio Output Devices
○ Speakers are the most common type of audio output devices. On
laptops and other mobile computing devices, speakers are usually
built in. External speakers can attach to a computer using a variety
of audio plugs, or they can attach using a USB connection.
○ Headphones are another type of audio output device. Variations on
the headphone concept include ear buds, which fit inside the ear,
and headsets, which include both headphones and a microphone.
○ A sound card is a computer component that converts information
from digital audio files into electronic sound signals.
○ A device driver is a small computer program that tells your
computer how to access and use devices attached to it, including
sound cards.
Audio InputDevices
The term "audio output device" refers to
any device that attaches to a computer for
the purpose of playing sound, such as music
or speech. The term can also refer to a
computer sound card.
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28. Contoso Ltd.
Combination Input And Output Device
○ There are several input devices present and available in the system
such as Keyboard, Mouse, Scanners, Trackballs, Digital Cameras,
Joystick and many more. ... These devices are known
as Combination input and output devices. These devices have
features and characteristics of both input as well as output devices.
○ An I/O interface is required whenever the I/O device is driven by a
processor. Typically a CPU communicates with devices via a bus. The
interface must have necessary logic to interpret the device address
generated by the processor.
INPUT DEVICES
I/O devices are the pieces of hardware used by a
human (or other system) to communicate with a
computer. For instance, a keyboard or computer
mouse is an input device for a computer,
while monitors and printers are output devices.
Devices for communication between computers,
such as modems and network cards, typically
perform both input and output operations.
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29. Contoso Ltd.
CombinationInput And Output Device
Headsets
A headset combines a
headphone with a microphone.
Headsets are made with either a
single-earpiece or a double-
earpiece. Headsets provide the
equivalent functionality of a
telephone handset but with
handsfree operation
Multifunctional Devices
A multifunction device (MFD) is
a device that performs a variety
of functions otherwise carried
out by separate devices. An
example of this would be a
printer that can make copies,
faxes and scans.
Telephones
A telephone, or phone, is a
telecommunications device that
permits two or more users to
conduct a conversation when they
are too far apart to be heard
directly.
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30. Contoso Ltd.
CombinationInput And Output Device
Drones
An unmanned aerial vehicle is an
aircraft without a human pilot
on board and a type of
unmanned vehicle. UAVs are a
component of an unmanned
aircraft system; which include a
UAV, a ground-based controller,
and a system of communications
between the two
Robots
A robot is a machine—especially
one programmable by a
computer— capable of carrying
out a complex series of actions
automatically. Robots can be
guided by an external control
device or the control may be
embedded within
Virtual Reality Headgear and
Gloves
A virtual reality headset is a head-
mounted device that provides virtual
reality for the wearer. Virtual reality (VR)
headsets are widely used with video
games but they are also used in other
applications, including simulators and
trainers.
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31. Contoso Ltd.
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• What are the two most widely used audio
output devices ? What is Bluetooth ?
• What are headsets, multifunctional devices,
VoIP and telephony ?
• What are drones, robots, virtual reality,
headgear and gloves
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32. Contoso Ltd.
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33. Contoso Ltd.
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• What is input? What are input Devices ?
• List and compare the four categories of
keyboards.
• What are toggle keys ? What are
combination keys ?
SBI – MS-CIT

34. Thank You
Payal Mudliar
9860663446
payalhdps@gmail.com
www.shribalajiinfotech.com