This document discusses ecological restoration and environmental problems in Pakistan. It focuses on restoring mangrove ecosystems along Pakistan's coast. Mangroves are important for protecting coastlines, maintaining water quality, and supporting fisheries. However, over 50% of Pakistan's mangroves have been lost due to issues like pollution, coastal development projects, and climate change. The project aims to restore 500 hectares of mangroves in Port Qasim over two years through community plantation efforts. Restoring mangroves will help protect coastal communities from disasters and support the livelihoods and economies that rely on coastal resources.

1. 沙哈娜 Jabeen
School of LandscapeArchitecture

2.  What is Ecological Restoration?
 What are Ecological Problems?
 Environmental Problems in Pakistan
 Restoration and Rehabilitation of Mangrove
Ecosystem along the Coasts of Pakistan
 Mangroves?
 Importance of Mangroves
 Project Background
 Objectives of the project
 Outputs of the project

3.  Deforestation
 Air pollution
 Noise pollution
 Water pollution
 Climate change
 Soil erosion
 Global warming

4.  Ecological restoration is the process of renewing and
maintaining ecosystem health.
 The process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that
has been damaged , degraded or destroyed.

5.  Problems of environment are also problems of
ecology because environment is really a center of all
ecological research.
 Environmental issues are defined as problems with the
planet's systems (air, water, soil, etc.) that have develo
ped as a result of human interference or mistreatment
of the planet.
 Climate change, all sorts of pollution, deforestation,
endangered animals, these all are ecological problems.

7. Map of Pakistan,
showing Port Qasim
and its sister ports of
Karachi and Gwadar.

9.  Mangroves are shrubs or small trees that grow
in coastal saline or brackish water.
 The Term is also used for tropical coastal
vegetation consisting of such species.

10.  Protect shorelines from damaging storm and
hurricane winds, waves and floods.
 Mangroves also helps prevent erosion by
stabilizing sediments with their tangled root
system.
 They maintain water quality and clarity,
filtering pollutants and trapping sediments,
originating from land.

11.  The Port Muhammad Bin Qasim, also known as
Port Qasim, is a deep water seaport in Karachi,
Pakistan; on the coastline of Arabian Sea.
 It is Pakistan's second busiest port, handling
about 35% of the nation’s cargo.
 Port Qasim and Karachi Port, the busiest port of
country handle more than 90% of all external
trade of Pakistan.
 The port encompasses a total area of 12,000 acres
wherein many industrial zones operate.

13.  Engro Elengy Terminal Private Limited (EETPL) is
constructing a liquefied natural gas terminal in Port Qasim
Area, inclusive of ship berthing and import facilities, floating
storage tanks and regasification equipment. The construction
phase has resulted in the conversion of 50 hectares of coastal
mangrove ecosystem into reclaimed industrial land.
 At times, over 600,000 hectares of Pakistan’s coastline was
under mangrove forestation. But today, as per estimates,
mangroves are 129,000 hectors in the Indus delta, and over
3,000 hectors in Miani Hor, Kalmat Khor and Gwadar bay
areas; probably the tenth largest in the world. The mangroves
forest not only act as shield against disastrous cyclones and
hurricanes, but mainly are hatchery for marine life. They have
their own economic value to the coastal zones and their
significance in soil conservation, fuel, fodder is evident. But,
for several years in the past, mangrove forests remained
ignored and their potential continued neglected.

14.  A number of schemes i.e. ‘Environmental protection
and management project’, ‘Mangrove plantation
for rehabilitation of Korangi-Phitti creek system’,
‘Development of mangrove forests in the Indus
Delta’, ‘Working Plan of Mangrove Forests of Indus
Delta from 1985-86 to 2004-05’ with the bilateral
and regional cooperation in the
UNDP/UNESCO/IUCN/ADB and many other
agencies’ regional projects have been planned for the
restoration and rehabilitation of mangroves, but,
deterioration is higher than restoration.

15.  Restore mangrove plantations on 500-hectares of
land over two years in Port Qasim.
 Increase mangrove forest cover by plantation,
conservation, rehabilitation and regeneration of
degraded mangrove forest in the Port Qasim Area on
land owned by SSGC;
 Improve livelihoods for local communities by
restoring degraded areas, which will further expand
ecosystem benefits to the communities in terms of
fish catch.
 Raise awareness of the importance of mangroves in
coastal ecosystem among SSGC staff, local
communities and other private sector companies;

16.  Engage communities in the planting and conservation of
mangrove ecosystems for their livelihoods. This will create
motivation in the communities to conserve mangroves for
their own livelihoods, as communities also depend on
these resources for their livelihoods – such as fish.
 To showcase the model created through the project and
make it an example to encourage corporate sector
towards conservation initiatives.
 Document and share lessons learnt from this engagement
in collaboration with MFF Programme with other private
sector and other stakeholders working along the coast of
Pakistan and in the MFF region.

17.  The mangrove forests serve the functions of coastline
stabilization and protection of ports against natural
disasters. They also form an integral component of
the economy of coastal communities, providing fuel
wood, fodder and various other products.
 In addition to these direct uses, mangroves constitute
a significant part of the productivity base of several
important fisheries. Pakistan has a large and lucrative
prawn fishery, generating annual revenues of around
USD 60 million.
 In Pakistan Economic importance of mangroves
mainly depends on the fishery resources that harbor.

18.  An estimated 70% of the Pakistan prawn fishery is
dependent on mangroves. The situation is similar with
respect to fish. Around 155 species of fish have been
recorded from the mangroves of Pakistan, many of them
of commercial importance.
 The export of marine fish, shrimp, lobsters and crabs help
the national economy earn Rs.2.2 billion annually, besides
providing employment and livelihood to more than
100,000 people associated with the fishing industry.
 If the mangroves are degraded, much of the 250,000 tons
of fish caught off the Sindh Coast will be at risk. Therefore,
restoration is crucial to the long-term success and viability
of Pakistan's coastal economies.

19.  Over 6000 hectares of degraded land has now
been rehabilitated through the establishment of
mangrove plantations.
 Pakistan broke its own Guinness World Record of
planting the most tree in 24 hours by sowing over
1.1 million mangroves in 2018.

24. “In the circumstances where earth nature is being damaged by
so called human progress and industrial revolution which
certainly causing severe and ruthless harm to the nature, we
need to protect it by putting some valuable efforts or at least
not letting our existing environment destroy”.